An Archaeological Effort on Assessment and Validity - Contextual and Conceptual Knowledge

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 43, 13 - 60, 10.12.2015

Sıla Törün

Öz

Praxis of educational assessment is based on a set of scientific and philosophical assumptions. Beyond the discussions related to technical concerns, a systematic inquiry on assessment, and seeking of solutions for problems on assessment issues require one to take the relationship between these assumptions and assessment practices into consideration. Considering the historical background, it becomes explicit that conceptualization of assessment and discourse on assessment has developed based on these assumptions and needs which had been emerged in consequence of the social, political, economical, and cultural context. Approaching to the validity and validation issues with such a comprehensive perspective in terms of assessment will also lead up to a deeper comprehension on the concept of validity.

This paper, aiming to address contemporary scientific discourse and measurement based assessment approach within the framework of the basic assumptions and historical context in which those had arise, is inspired by Foucault’s historical analysis method referred as “archeology”. This paper also aims to offer an in-depth examination of today’s dominant scientific discourse on assessment and validity through questioning our own conceptualization and practices; thus adding another dimension to the discussions mostly focusing on methods and technical issues.

Praxis of educational assessment is based on a set of scientific and philosophical assumptions. Beyond the discussions related to technical concerns, a systematic inquiry on assessment, and seeking of solutions for problems on assessment issues require one to take the relationship between these assumptions and assessment practices into consideration. Considering the historical background, it becomes explicit that conceptualization of assessment and discourse on assessment have developed based on these assumptions and needs which had been emerged in consequence of the social, political, economical, and cultural context. Approaching to the validity and validation issues with such a comprehensive perspective in terms of assessment will also lead up to a deeper comprehension on the concept of validity.This paper, aiming to address contemporary scientific discourse and measurement based assessment approach within the framework of the basic assumptions and historical context in which those had arise, is inspired by Foucault’s historical analysis method referred as “archeology”. This paper also aims to offer an in-depth examination of today’s dominant

Anahtar Kelimeler

Assessment; measurement; validity; positivism; critical reflection

Değerlendirme ve Geçerlik Üzerine Arkeolojik Bir Çaba – Bağlam ve Kavram Bilgisi

Öz

Öğrenmenin ve öğrencilerin değerlendirilmesine ilişkin her uygulama bilimsel ve felsefi temel varsayımlara dayanmaktadır. Değerlendirme konusunda sistematik bir sorgulama yapılabilmesi, bu konuda yaşanan sorunlara çözüm aranması, yöntem ve teknik tartışmalarının ötesinde, bu temel varsayımlarla değerlendirme uygulamaları arasındaki ilişkinin dikkate alınmasını gerektirir. Tarihsel süreç göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, değerlendirme kavramsallaştırması ve söyleminin, sosyal, politik, ekonomik ve kültürel bağlama dayalı olarak ortaya çıkan bu temel varsayımlar ve ihtiyaçlar üzerinde geliştiği görülmektedir. Geçerlik ve geçerliğin gösterilmesine ilişkin tartışmaların da değerlendirme konusu ile beraber bütünlük içinde ele alınması, geçerlik kavramına ilişkin daha derin bir kavrayışın gelişmesine yardımcı olacaktır.

Değerlendirme ve geçerlik uygulamalarına ilişkin günümüzde kullanılan bilimsel söylemi ve ölçme ağırlıklı değerlendirme anlayışını, ortaya çıktığı tarihsel bağlam ve temel varsayımlar çerçevesinde ele almayı amaçlayan bu makale, Foucault’nun öne sürdüğü ve “arkeoloji” olarak adlandırdığı tarihsel analiz yönteminden esinlenerek hazırlanmıştır. Değerlendirme ve geçerlik konularına ilişkin bilimsel söylemi bu çerçevede sorgulayarak kendi kavramsallaştırmamızı, değerlendirme ve geçerlik uygulamalarını yeni sorularla başka bir açıdan gözden geçirmek, ağırlıklı olarak yöntem ve teknikler üzerine yürütülmekte olan tartışmalara da farklı bir boyut kazandırabilir.

Öğrenmenin ve öğrencilerin değerlendirilmesine ilişkin her uygulama bilimsel ve felsefi temel varsayımlara dayanmaktadır. Değerlendirme konusunda sistematik bir sorgulama yapılabilmesi, bu konuda yaşanan sorunlara çözüm aranması, yöntem ve teknik tartışmalarının ötesinde, bu temel varsayımlarla değerlendirme uygulamaları arasındaki ilişkinin dikkate alınmasını gerektirir. Tarihsel süreç göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, değerlendirme kavramsallaştırması ve söyleminin, sosyal, politik, ekonomik ve kültürel bağlama dayalı olarak ortaya çıkan bu temel varsayımlar ve ihtiyaçlar üzerinde geliştiği görülmektedir. Geçerlik ve geçerliğin gösterilmesine ilişkin tartışmaların da değerlendirme konusu ile beraber bütünlük içinde ele alınması, geçerlik kavramına ilişkin daha derin bir kavrayışın gelişmesine yardımcı olacaktır.Değerlendirme ve geçerlik uygulamalarına ilişkin günümüzde kullanılan bilimsel söylemi ve ölçme ağırlıklı değerlendirme anlayışını, ortaya çıktığı tarihsel bağlam ve temel varsayımlar çerçevesinde ele almayı amaçlayan bu makale, Foucault’nun öne sürdüğü ve “arkeoloji” olarak adlandırdığı tarihsel analiz yönteminden esinlenerek hazırlanmıştır. Değerlendirme ve geçerlik konularına ilişkin bilimsel söylemi bu çerçevede sorgulayarak kendi kavramsallaştırmamızı, değerlendirme ve geçerlik uygulamalarını yeni sorularla başka bir açıdan gözden geçirmek, ağırlıklı olarak yöntem ve teknikler üzerine yürütülmekte olan tartışmalara da farklı bir boyut kazandırabilir.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Değerlendirme; ölçme; geçerlik; pozitivizm; eleştirel refleksiyon

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