A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan

Saghar Maneshi; Behrooz Mahmoodi-bakhtiari

doi:10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901

A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan

Öz

From its inception, drama in Iran and Türkiye has not only relied on diegetic methods of narrating, but has also integrated music as an essential component. Following exposure to Western drama through translations and adaptations, writers in these two countries began exploring innovative approaches. Thisshift led to the development of new creative fields, including opera and operetta composition. The earliest examples of this shift are The Resurrection of Iranian Kings by Mirza¯deh ‘Eshqi (1915) and The Shepherds of Kenan by Halide Edib-Adıvar (1916). This comparative study examines these two early operas to determine their positions within the realm of diegesis and mimesis. By analyzing their narratives through the lenses of plot, characterization, and spatial-temporal elements, the study reveals that while these works maintain connections to their diegetic predecessors, their narrative discourse structures exhibit distinct differences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Akı, Niyazi. Türk Tiyatro Edebiyatı Tarihi I: Başlangıçtan Cumhuriyet Devrine Kadar. İstanbul: Dergâh, 1989. google scholar
And, Metin. Geleneksel Türk Tiyatrosu: Kukla, Karagöz, Ortaoyunu. Ankara: Bilgi Yayınevi, 1969. google scholar
Tanzimat ve İstibdat Döneminde Türk Tiyatrosu 1839-1908. Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1972. google scholar
Aristotle. Poetics. Translated by Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob. Tehran: Book Translation and Publishing Company, 1964. google scholar
Azhand, Ya’ghub. Namayesh dar Doreh-ye Qajar. Tehran: Mola, 2016. google scholar
Bal, Mieke. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative, 4th Edition. Toronto, Buffalo and London: University of Toronto Press, 2017. google scholar
Beyza’i, Bahram. Namayesh dar Iran. 6th Edition. Tehran: Roshangaran and Women Studies Pub, 2008. google scholar
Chatman, Seymour. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1978. google scholar

——Coming to Terms: The Rhetoric of Narrative in Fiction and Film. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1990. google scholar
Edib, Halide. Kenan Çobanları: Opera (Three Acts). no place: Matbaa-yi Orhaniye, 1916. google scholar
Edib-Adıvar, Halide. Kenan Çobanları, Maske ve Ruh, 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Atlas Kitabevi, 1991. google scholar
Ersan, Müge. “Türkiye Tiyatro Yazınında Anlatıya Yönelim”. Yüksesk Lisans Tezi. İstanbul: Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2019. google scholar
Fanâ’iyân, Tajbakhsh. Honar-e Namayesh dar Iran (ta sal-e 1357/1979). Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 2007. google scholar
Fludernik, Monika. Towards a Natural Narratology. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. google scholar
——“Genres, Text Types, or Discourse Modes? Narrative Modalities and Generic Categorization”, Style, Vol. 34, No. 2 (2000): 274-292. google scholar
—— An Introduction to Narratology. Translated by Patricia Hausler-Greenfield and Monika Fludernik. Routledge: London and New York, 2009. google scholar
—— Mediacy, Mediation, and Focalization: The Squaring of Terminological Circles”, Jan Alber and Monika Fludernik, Postclassical Narratology: Approaches and Analyses. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2010. google scholar
Genette, Gerard. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method, trans Jane E. Lewin. New York: Cornell University Press, 1980. google scholar
—— The Architext: An Introduction. Translated by Jane E. Lewin. Berkeley. Los Angeles and Oxford: University of California Press, 1992. google scholar
Jannati-'Atayi, Abolghasem. Bonyad-e Namayesh dar Iran. Tehran: Ibn-Sina Bookstore Publication, 1954. google scholar
de Jong, Irene J. F. Narrators and Focalizers: The Presentation of the Story in the Iliad, (2nd Edition). Amsterdam: B. R. Grüner Publishing Company, 1989. google scholar
Kudret, Cevdet. Ortaoyunu. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1973. google scholar
—— Karagöz. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2004. google scholar
Lubbock, Percy. The Craft of Fiction. London: Jonathan Cape, 1957. google scholar
Malekpour, Jamshid. Adabiyyat-e Namayeshi dar Iran: Nokhostin Kooshesh-ha ta Doreh-ye Qajar. 1st Vol.. Tehran: Tus, 1984. google scholar
----Adabiyyat-e Namayeshi dar Iran: Melli-Garâ’i dar Namayesh (Doreh-ye Reza Shah Pahlavi). 3rd Vol.. Tehran: Tus, 2006 google scholar
Maneshi, Saghar. “A Comparative Narratological Analysis of the Dramatic Literature in Iran and Turkey (1900-1940)”. PhD Dissertation. Tehran: University of Tehran, 2024. google scholar
Mohebbi, Parastoo, Mohammad Bagher Ghahramani, and Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari. “Development of Iranian Performance from a Diegetic World”. Journal of Fine Arts: Performing Arts and Music, Vol. 21, No. 2. 2016: 15-24. google scholar
Mohebbi, Parastoo. Revayatshenasi-ye Dram. Tehran: Jame Zarrin, 2019. google scholar
Moshirsalimi, ‘Ali-Akbar. Kolliyyat-e Mosavvar-e Mirzadeh ‘Eshqi. 8th Edition. Tehran: Amirkabir, 1979. google scholar
Nutku, Özdemir. Meddahlık ve Meddah Hikayeleri. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1978. google scholar
—— Dünya Tiyatrosu Tarihi: Başlangıçtan 19. Yüzyıla Kadar, Cilt 1. Ankara: Remzi Kitabevi, 1985. google scholar
Pfister, Manfred. The Theory and Analysis of Drama. Translated by Mehdi Nasrollahzadeh. Tehran: Minooye Kherad, 2008. google scholar
Plato. The Republic. Translated by Mohammadhassan Lotfi. Tehran: Khoosheh, 1974). google scholar
Potolsky, Matthew. Mimesis. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. google scholar
Puchner, Martin. Stage Fright: Modernism, Anti-Theatricality, and Drama. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. google scholar
Prince, Gerald. Narratology: The Form and Functioning of Narrative. Berlin, New York and Amsterdam: Mouton Publishers, 1982. google scholar
Richardson, Brian. “Point of View in Drama: Diegetic Monologue, Unreliable Narrators, and the Author’s Voice on Stage”, Comparative Drama, Vol. 22, No. 3. 1988: 193-214. google scholar
—— “Voice and Narration in Postmodern Drama”, New Literary History, Vol. 32, No. 3. 2001: 681-694. google scholar
Ryan, Marie-Laure. “The Modes of Narrativity and Their Visual Metaphors”, Style, Vol. 26, No. 3. 1992: 368-387. google scholar
Sattari, Jalal. Zamine-ye Ejtemai-ye Ta’zıyeh va Theatre dar Iran. Tehran: Markaz, 2008. google scholar
Sevengil, Refik Ahmet. Türk Tiyatrosu Tarihi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2015. google scholar
Schmid, Wolf. Narratology: An Introduction. Translated by Alexander Starritt. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2010. google scholar
Scholes, Robert and James Phelan and Robert Kellogg. The Nature of Narrative. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. google scholar
Shahidi, ‘Enayatollah. Pazhooheshi dar Ta’zıyeh va Ta’ziyeh-khâni. Tehran: Cultural Reasrach Office, 2001. google scholar
Shıijian, Farideh. Jaygah-e Namayesh-e Sonnatı dar Theatre-e Iran. Tehran: An, 2001. google scholar

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Oyunculuk-Reji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Saghar Maneshi ^* Bu kişi benim
0009-0000-5841-5004
Iran

Behrooz Mahmoodi-bakhtiari Bu kişi benim
0000-0002-5671-4040
Iran

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Aralık 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

28 Haziran 2024

Kabul Tarihi

19 Kasım 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Sayı: 39

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA55ES75PP

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Maneshi, S., & Mahmoodi-bakhtiari, B. (2024). A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan. Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi, 39, 33-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901

AMA

1.Maneshi S, Mahmoodi-bakhtiari B. A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan. T.E.D. Dergi. 2024;(39):33-44. doi:10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901

Chicago

Maneshi, Saghar, ve Behrooz Mahmoodi-bakhtiari. 2024. “A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan”. Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi, sy 39: 33-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901.

EndNote

Maneshi S, Mahmoodi-bakhtiari B (01 Aralık 2024) A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan. Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi 39 33–44.

IEEE

[1]S. Maneshi ve B. Mahmoodi-bakhtiari, “A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan”, T.E.D. Dergi, sy 39, ss. 33–44, Ara. 2024, doi: 10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901.

ISNAD

Maneshi, Saghar - Mahmoodi-bakhtiari, Behrooz. “A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan”. Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi. 39 (01 Aralık 2024): 33-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901.

JAMA

1.Maneshi S, Mahmoodi-bakhtiari B. A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan. T.E.D. Dergi. 2024;:33–44.

MLA

Maneshi, Saghar, ve Behrooz Mahmoodi-bakhtiari. “A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan”. Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi, sy 39, Aralık 2024, ss. 33-44, doi:10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901.

Vancouver

1.Saghar Maneshi, Behrooz Mahmoodi-bakhtiari. A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan. T.E.D. Dergi. 01 Aralık 2024;(39):33-44. doi:10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901