Utilising Building Information Models in Facility Maintenance and Operations

Öz

Utilising the digital capital of buildings, including building information modelling (BIM), is crucial for building owners from the perspective of high-level maintenance. This case study concerns a company in which building information models are received as files complying with the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. An analysis of the information content of the IFC files was performed to investigate whether the files, which were generated in a construction project using traditional procedures, contained relevant information for maintenance. The critical needs were evaluated based on the aspects highlighted in an online survey. As a result, essential content requirements for BIM are presented for facility maintenance and operations (FMO). It has been shown that existing building information models cannot close the information gap from a facility maintenance perspective. Still, they have significant potential due to their ability to contain technical information and provide a graphical representation. With information exchange requirements (IERs), a great deal of progress could be made by utilising BIM for FMO. A property service company’s capabilities must also be evolved before the benefits of digital capital can be reaped. This paper provides insights for developing the information content of computerised maintenance management systems (CMMS) and demonstrates the crucial need to harmonise them using BIM. Finally, as a new use case for BIM, this paper presents an operations and maintenance model (OMM).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Operations and maintenance model
• property maintenance
• building information models in facility maintenance and operations

Kaynakça

1. COBIM2012, Common BIM Requirements of Finland Series 12 Use of models in facility management, Rakennustieto Oy, Finland, p. 5.
2. Xin, Q. (2011), “Building information modelling (BIM) adoption of construction project management based on Hubei Jinzhou bus terminal case”, in 2011 International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization, pp. 282-284.
3. Han, N., Yue, Z.F. and Lu, Y.F. (2012), “Collision detection of building facility pipes and ducts based on BIM technology”, Advanced Material Research, Vol. 346, pp. 312-317.
4. Wang, Y., Wang, X., Wang, J., Yung, P. and Jun, G. (2013), “Engagement of facilities management in design stage through BIM: Framework and a case study”, Advances in Civil Engineering, Vol. 8.
5. Hardin, B, and McCool, D. (2015), BIM and Construction Management, Proven Tools, Methods, and Workflows, Wiley Publishing, IN, US, p. 12.
6. Kensek, K. (2015), “BIM guidelines inform facilities management databases: A case study over time”, School of Architecture, University of Southern California, LA, US, p. 904.
7. National BIM Standard-United States NBIMS-US™ (2015), National Institute of Building Sciences, 1090 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC US, p. 1.
8. Krygiel, E. and Nies, B. (2008), Green BIM: Successful Sustainable Design with Building Information Modelling, John Wiley & Sons, US, p. 26.

9. Gurgun, A., Koc, K., Atabay, S. (2021). Impacts of Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Sustainable Green Building Projects (in Turkish). Teknik Dergi. 33. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.715574
10. Li Juan, C. and Hanbin, L. (2014), “A BIM-based construction quality management model and its applications”, School of Civil Engineering & Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, p. 1.
11. Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R. and Liston, K. (2011), BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modelling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors, second ed., Wiley US, p. 1.
12. Fountain, J, and Langar, S, (2018), “Building information modelling (BIM) outsourcing among general contractors”, Automation in Construction, Vol. 95, pp. 107-117.
13. Azhar, S., Khalfan, M. and Maqsood, T. (2015), “Building information modelling (BIM): Now and beyond”, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 15-28.
14. Yoon, S., Park, N. and Choi J. (2009), “A BIM-based design method for energy-efficient building”, in Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth International Joint Conference, pp. 376-381.
15. Pittard, S. and Sell, P. (2016), BIM and Quantity Surveying, Routledge, ISBN: 978-0-415-87042-9
16. McArthur, J.J., Shahbazi, N., Fok, R., Raghubar, C., Bortoluzzi, B. and An, A. (2018), “Machine learning and BIM visualization for maintenance issue classification and enhanced data collection”, Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol. 38., pp. 101-112.
17. Chen, W., Chen, K., Cheng, J.C.P., Wang, Q. and Gan, V.J.L. (2018), “BIM-based framework for automatic scheduling of facility maintenance work orders”, Automation in Construction, Vol. 91, pp. 15-30.
18. Pärn E.A., Edwards D.J. and Sing, M.C.P. (2017), “The building information modelling trajectory in facilities management: A review”, Automation in Construction, Vol. 75, pp. 45-55.
19. Ustinovičius, L., Popov, V., Čepurnaitė, J., Vilutienė, T., Samofalov, M. and Miedziałowski, C. (2018), “BIM-based process management model for building design and refurbishment”, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 1136-1149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2018.02.004
20. Heaton, J., Parlikad, A.K. and Schooling, J. (2019), “Design and development of BIM models to support operations and maintenance”, Computers in Industry, Vol. 111, pp. 172-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019.08.001
21. ISO 16739:2013 Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for data sharing in the construction and facility management industries. ISO International Organization for Standardization, 2013.
22. East, W. (2009) BIM Enables Success on WTC Mega Project. Journal of Building Information Modeling, Fall 2019, pp. 18-20.
23. East, W., Carrasquillo-Mangual, M. (2013) The COBie Guide: A commentary to the NBIMS-US COBie standard. https://www.bimpedia.eu/static/nodes/1010/COBie_Guide_-_Public_Release_3.pdf
24. Alexander, K. (2013), Facilities Management: Theory and Practice, Routledge, New York.
25. Atkin, B. and Brooks, A. (2009), Total Facilities Management, third ed., Wiley and Blackwell, Hong Kong.
26. Barrett, P. and Baldry, D. (2009), Facilities Management: Towards Best Practice, Blackwell Science, Oxford, USA.
27. Lepkova, N. and Uselis, R. (2013), “Development of a quality criteria system for facilities management services in Lithuania”, in 11th International Conference on Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques, MBMST, p. 2.
28. ISO Standard ISO 41011:2017 Facility Management – Part 1: Terms and definitions
29. GSA (2011) BIM Guide for Facility Management, U.S. General Services Administration, the National 3D-4D-BIM Program, [Cited 2018, 30.1.2018] Available at: https://www.gsa.gov/real-estate/design-construction/3d4d-building-information-modeling
30. ISO 19650-1:2018 Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) — Information management using building information modelling — Part 1: Concepts and principles.
31. UK BIM Alliance (2019). Information management according to BS EN ISO 19650. Guidance Part 1: Concepts.
32. Kim, K., Kim, H., Kim, W., Kim, C., Kim, J., Yu, Y. (2018). “Integration of IFC objects and facility management work information using Semantic Web”, Automation in Construction, Vol. 87, pp. 173-187.
33. Chen, L., Shi, P., Tang, Q., Liu, W., Wu, Q. (2020). “Development and application of a specification-compliant highway tunnel facility management system based on BIM”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 97, pp. 103262.
34. Motawa, I. and Almarshad, A. (2013), “A knowledge-based BIM system for building maintenance”, Automation in Construction, Vol. 29, pp. 173-182.
35. Halmetoja, E. (2019), “The conditions data model supporting building information models in facility management”, Facilities, https://doi.org/10.1108/F-11-2017-0112
36. Kang, T.-W. and Choi, H.-S. (2015), “BIM perspective definition metadata for interworking facility management data”, Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol. 29, pp. 958-970.
37. Aziz, N.D., Nawawi, A.H. and Ariff, N.R.M. (2016), “Building information modelling (BIM) in facilities management: Opportunities to be considered by facility managers”, Procedia – Social and Behavioural Sciences, Vol. 234, pp. 353362.
38. Pishdad-Bozorgi, P., Gao, X., Eastman, C. and Self, A.P. (2018), “Planning and developing facility management-enabled building information model (FM-enabled BIM)”, Automation in Construction, Vol. 87, pp. 22-38.
39. Gao, X. and Pishdad-Bozorgi, P. (2019), “BIM-enabled facilities operation and maintenance: A review”, Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol. 39, pp. 227-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2019.01.005
40. Wong, J. K. W., Ge, J., & He, S. X. (2018). Digitisation in facilities management: A literature review and future research directions. Automation in Construction, Vol. 92, pp. 312-326.
41. Araszkiewicz, K. (2017). Digital technologies in Facility Management–the state of practice and research challenges. Procedia Engineering, 196, 1034-1042.
42. Cavka, H.B., Staub-French, S. and Poirier, E.A. (2017), “Developing owner information requirements for BIM-enabled project delivery and asset management”, Automation in Construction, Vol. 83, pp. 169-183.
43. Wright, K.B. (2005), “Researching internet-based populations: Advantages and disadvantages of online survey research, online questionnaire authoring software packages, and web survey services”, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 10 No. 3, available at: https://academic.oup.com/jcmc/article/10/3/JCMC1034/4614509 (accessed 18 Jan 2020).
44. Garton, L., Haythornthwaite, C. and Wellman, B. (1999), “Studying on-line social networks”, in Jones, S. (Ed.), Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA,. pp. 75-105.
45. Wellman, B. (1997), “An electronic group is virtually a social network”, in Kiesler, S. (Ed.), Culture of the Internet, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. pp. 179-205.
46. Hirsijärvi, S., Remes, P. and Sajavaara, P. (2010), Tutki ja kirjoita, Tammi. Helsinki, p. 195.
47. Bharadwaj A.S. (2000), “A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance: An empirical investigation”, MIS Quart., Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 169-196.
48. ISO Standard ISO 41011:2017 Facility Management – Part 7: Guidelines for Performance Benchmarking.
49. Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S. and Pal, D.K. (2015), “Likert scale: Explored and explained”, British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, Vol. 7 No. 4, pp. 396-403.
50. Keil, M., Mann, J. and Arun, R. (2000), “Why software projects escalate: An empirical analysis and test of four theoretical models”, MIS Quart., Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 631-664.
51. Ghauri, P.N. and Gronhaug K. (2002), Research Methods in Business Studies, Financial Times Ltd, New York, USA.
52. Burns, R. (2000), Introduction to Research Methods, Sage, London.
53. COBIM2012 Common BIM Requirements of Finland Series 4 MEP Design, Rakennustieto Oy, Finland, p. 9.
54. Ustinovičius, L., Peckienė; A. and Popov, V. (2017), “A model for spatial planning of site and building using BIM methodology”, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 173-182. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2016.1247748
55. Hafsia, M., Monacelli, E., Martin, H. (2018). Virtual Reality Simulator for Construction workers. In Proceedings of the Virtual Reality International Conference (VRIC 18), Laval, France.
56. Muhammad, A. A., Yitmen, I., Alizadehsalehi, S., Celik, T. (2019). Adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) for Site Layout Optimization of Construction Projects. Teknik Dergi, 31(2).
57. Roupé, M., Johansson, M., Viklund Tallgren, M., Jörnebrant, F., Tomsa, P. (2016). Immersive visualization of Building Information Models. In: Living Systems and Micro-Utopias: Towards Continuous Designing (Proceedings of CAADRIA 2016), 21, pp. 673-682.
58. Zaker, R., Coloma, E. (2018). Virtual reality-integrated workflow in BIM-enabled projects collaboration and design review: a case study. Visualization in Engineering, 6(1), 4.
59. Wolfartsberger, J. (2019). Analyzing the potential of Virtual Reality for engineering design review. Automation in Construction, 104, pp. 27-37.
60. Liu, R. and Issa, R.R.A. (2013) “BIM for Facility Management: Design for Maintainability with BIM Tools.” The 30th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining, Montreal, Canada. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2013/0035
61. Ghosh, A., Chasey, A.D., Mergenschroer, M. (2015) in Building information modeling: applications and practices, R. R. A. Issa and S. Olbina, Eds., ed: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015.
62. Matarneh S.T., Danso-Amoako, M.O., Al-Bizri, S., Gaterell, M., Matarneh, R.T. (2020), "BIM for FM: Developing information requirements to support facilities management systems", Facilities, Vol. 38 No. 5/6, pp. 378-394. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-07-2018-0084
63. Naghshbandi, S. (2016) “BIM for Facility Management: Challenges and Research Gaps.” Civil Engineering Journal, Vol. 2, No. 12, December 2016.
64. Kangasluoma, M., Jaatinen, A., Kaivanto, K., Kortelampi, A., Käpymäki, T., Fränti, H., Peltonen, K., Suomäki, J., Hännikäinen, J., Vepsäläinen, S., Tuomivaara, O., Väyrynen, L. (2018), Handbook of Property Maintenance, Kiinteistöalan Kustannus Oy, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 336-351.