Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Alkali-Silica Reaction Expansions and the Extent of Alkali Leaching in Concretes Containing Basalt and Waste Glass as Aggregate

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 7865 - 7882, 01.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.304100

Öz

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR)
which takes place between amorphous silica in the aggregate and alkalis in the
pore fluid is one of the durability problems causing deterioration of mortars. In this study, alkali-silica reactivity
of various mixtures was evaluated according to AAR-3 and AAR-4 tests developed
by RILEM. For determining the extent of alkali leaching from the specimens
during these accelerated tests, samples were taken from the water accumulations at the bottom of the containers and
sodium and potassium concentrations were determined using atomic absorption
spectrometry. Results show that although a significant amount of alkalis can
leach out, particularly waste glass aggregate leads to considerably high
expansion levels
.     

Kaynakça

  • Lindgård, J., Andiç-Çakır, Ö., Fernandes, I., Rønning, T.F. and Thomas, M.D.A. (2012). Alkali–silica reactions (ASR): Literature review on parameters influencing laboratory performance testing. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 42, pp. 223-243.
  • Bérubé, M.A., Dorion, J.F., Rivest, M. (2000). Distribution of alkalies in concrete structures affected by alkali-silica reactivity and contribution by aggregates. Proceedings 11th International Conference on AAR, June, pp. 139-148, Québec City, Canada.
  • Castro, N. and Wigum, B.J. (2012). Assessment of the potential alkali-reactivity of aggregates for concrete by image analysis petrography. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 42, pp. 1635-1644.
  • Stanton, T.E. (1940). Expansion of concrete through reaction between cement and aggregate. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 66, pp. 1781-1811.
  • Alnaggar, M., Cusatis, G. and Di Luzio, G. (2013). Lattice discrete particle modeling (LDPM) of alkali silica reaction (ASR) deterioration of concrete structures. Cement and Concrete Composites. Vol. 41, pp. 45-59.
  • Thomas, M., Fournier, B., Folliard, K., Ideker, J. and Shehata, M. (2006). Test methods for evaluating preventive measures for controlling expansion due to alkali–silica reaction in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 36, pp. 1842-1856.
  • Oberholster, R.E. and Davies, G. (1986). An accelerated method for testing the potential alkali reactivity of siliceous aggregates. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 16, pp. 181-189.
  • Fournier, B., Bérubé, M.A. and Frenette, J. (2000). Laboratory investigations for evaluating potential alkali-reactivity of aggregates and selecting preventive measures against alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) – What do they really mean? Proceedings 11th International Conference on AAR, June, pp. 287-296, Québec City, Canada.
  • De Grosbois, M. and Fontaine, E. (2000). Evaluation of the potential alkali-reactivity of concrete aggregates: Performance of testing methods and a producer’s point of view. Proceedings 11th International Conference on AAR, June, pp. 267-276, Québec City, Canada.
  • Ideker, J.H., East, B.L., Folliard, K.J., Thomas, M.D.A. and Fournier, B. (2010). The current state of the accelerated concrete prism test. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on AAR, June 16-20, pp. 119-129, Trondheim, Norway.
  • Ranc, R. and Debray, L. (1992). Reference test methods and a performance criterion for concrete structures. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on AAR in concrete, pp. 824-831, London, UK.
  • Fournier, B., Chevrier, R., De Grosbois, M., Lisella, R., Folliard, K., Ideker, J., Shehata, M., Thomas, M. and Baxter, S. (2004). The accelerated concrete prism test (60°C): Variability of the test method and proposed expansion limits. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on AAR in Concrete, pp. 314-323, Beijing, China.
  • Shayan, A., Xu, A. and Morris, H. (2008). Comparative study of the concrete prism test (CPT 60°C, 100% RH) and other accelerated tests. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on AAR, June 16-20, pp. 391-400, Trondheim, Norway.
  • Murdock, K.J. and Blanchette, A. (1994). Rapid evaluation of alkali aggregate reactivity using a 60°C concrete prism test, Proceedings of the 3rd CANMET/ACI International Conference on Durability of Concrete, pp. 57-78, Nice, France.
  • Touma, W.E., Fowler, D.W., Carrasquillo, R.L., Folliard, K.J. and Nelson, N.R. (2001). Characterizing alkali-silica reactivity of aggregates using ASTM C1293, ASTM C1260 and their modifications. Transportation Research Record, 1757, Paper no. 01-3019, pp. 157-165.
  • Lindgård, J., Nixon, P.J., Borchers, I., Schouenborg, B., Wigum, B.J., Haugen, M. and Åkesson, U. (2010). The EU “PARTNER” Project – European standard tests to prevent alkali reactions in aggregates: Final results and recommendations. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 40, pp. 611-635.
  • Rivard, P., Bérubé, M.A., Ollivier, J.P. and Ballivy, G. (2003). Alkali mass balance during the accelerated concrete prism test for alkali-aggregate reactivity. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 33, pp. 1147-1153.
  • Duchesne, J. and Bérubé, M.A. (2001). Long-term effectiveness of supplementary cementing materials against alkali-silica reaction. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 31, pp. 1057-1063.
  • Lindgård, J., Thomas, M.D.A., Sellevold, E.J., Pedersen, B., Andiç-Çakır, Ö., Justnes, H. and Rønning, T.F. (2013a). Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) – performance testing: Influence of specimen pre-treatment, exposure conditions and prism size on alkali leaching and prism expansion. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 53, pp. 68-90.
  • Çopuroğlu, O., Andiç-Çakir, Ö., Broekmans, M.A.T.M. and Kühnel, R. (2009). Mineralogy, geochemistry and expansion testing of an alkali-reactive basalt from western Anatolia, Turkey. Materials Characterization, Vol. 60, pp. 756-766.
  • Yüksel, C., Saleh-Ahari, R., Abbaspoursani-Ahari, B. and Ramyar, K. (2013). Evaluation of three test methods for determining the alkali–silica reactivity of glass aggregate. Cement and Concrete Composites. Vol. 38, pp. 57-64.
  • RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports, Volume 17 (2016). State-of-the-Art-Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 219-ACS, RILEM Recommendations for the Prevention of Damage by Alkali-Aggregate Reactions in New Concrete Structures. Eds. Philip J. Nixon and I. Sims.
  • Lindgård, J., Sellevold, E.J., Thomas, M.D.A., Pedersen, B., Justnes, H. and Rønning, T.F. (2013b). Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) – performance testing: Influence of specimen pre-treatment, exposure conditions and prism size on concrete porosity, moisture state and transport properties. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 53, pp. 145-167.
  • Robinson, J.W. (1982). Basic Principles. In: J.E. Cantle (ed) Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. New York, pp. 1-14.
  • Shayan, A. (2004). Alkali-aggregate reaction and basalt aggregates. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on AAR in Concrete, pp. 1130-1135, Beijing, China.
  • Du, H. and Tan, K.H. (2013). Use of waste glass as sand in mortar: Part II – Alkali–silica reaction and mitigation methods. Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 35, pp. 118-126.
  • Hudec, P.P. and Ghamari, R.C. (2000). Ground waste glass as an alkali-silica reactivity inhibitor. Proceedings 11th International Conference on AAR, June, pp. 663-672, Québec City, Canada.
  • Shao, Y., Lefort, T., Moras, S. and Rodriguez, D. (2000). Studies on concrete containing ground waste glass. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 30, pp. 91-100.
  • Rajabipour, F., Maraghechi, H. and Fischer, G. (2010). Investigating the alkali–silica reaction of recycled glass aggregates in concrete materials. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 22, (12), pp. 1201–1208.

Bazalt ve Atık Cam Agregalı Betonlarda Alkali-Silis Reaksiyonu Genleşmeleri ve Alkali Sızıntısı Seviyeleri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 7865 - 7882, 01.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.304100

Öz

Agregada bulunan amorf
silis ve boşluk çözeltisindeki alkaliler arasında gerçekleşen alkali-silis
reaksiyonu (ASR), hasarla sonuçlanan önemli durabilite sorunlarındandır. Bu
çalışmada, çeşitli karışımların alkali-silis reaktiviteleri, RILEM komitesi
tarafından geliştirilen AAR-3 ve AAR-4 deneyleriyle araştırılmıştır. Bu
hızlandırılmış deneylerde numunelerde yer alan alkalilerin ne kadarının
dışarıya sızdığını belirlemek için kapların alt kısmında yer alan sudan örnekler
alınmış ve atomik absorpsiyon spektrometrisi ile sodyum ve potasyum iyonlarının
konsantrasyonu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre alkalilerin önemli bir miktarının
betonlardan dışarıya sızabildiği ve buna rağmen, özellikle atık cam agregası
içeren karışımlarda halen çok yüksek miktarda genleşme ile karşılaşıldığı
görülmüştür
.     

Kaynakça

  • Lindgård, J., Andiç-Çakır, Ö., Fernandes, I., Rønning, T.F. and Thomas, M.D.A. (2012). Alkali–silica reactions (ASR): Literature review on parameters influencing laboratory performance testing. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 42, pp. 223-243.
  • Bérubé, M.A., Dorion, J.F., Rivest, M. (2000). Distribution of alkalies in concrete structures affected by alkali-silica reactivity and contribution by aggregates. Proceedings 11th International Conference on AAR, June, pp. 139-148, Québec City, Canada.
  • Castro, N. and Wigum, B.J. (2012). Assessment of the potential alkali-reactivity of aggregates for concrete by image analysis petrography. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 42, pp. 1635-1644.
  • Stanton, T.E. (1940). Expansion of concrete through reaction between cement and aggregate. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 66, pp. 1781-1811.
  • Alnaggar, M., Cusatis, G. and Di Luzio, G. (2013). Lattice discrete particle modeling (LDPM) of alkali silica reaction (ASR) deterioration of concrete structures. Cement and Concrete Composites. Vol. 41, pp. 45-59.
  • Thomas, M., Fournier, B., Folliard, K., Ideker, J. and Shehata, M. (2006). Test methods for evaluating preventive measures for controlling expansion due to alkali–silica reaction in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 36, pp. 1842-1856.
  • Oberholster, R.E. and Davies, G. (1986). An accelerated method for testing the potential alkali reactivity of siliceous aggregates. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 16, pp. 181-189.
  • Fournier, B., Bérubé, M.A. and Frenette, J. (2000). Laboratory investigations for evaluating potential alkali-reactivity of aggregates and selecting preventive measures against alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) – What do they really mean? Proceedings 11th International Conference on AAR, June, pp. 287-296, Québec City, Canada.
  • De Grosbois, M. and Fontaine, E. (2000). Evaluation of the potential alkali-reactivity of concrete aggregates: Performance of testing methods and a producer’s point of view. Proceedings 11th International Conference on AAR, June, pp. 267-276, Québec City, Canada.
  • Ideker, J.H., East, B.L., Folliard, K.J., Thomas, M.D.A. and Fournier, B. (2010). The current state of the accelerated concrete prism test. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on AAR, June 16-20, pp. 119-129, Trondheim, Norway.
  • Ranc, R. and Debray, L. (1992). Reference test methods and a performance criterion for concrete structures. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on AAR in concrete, pp. 824-831, London, UK.
  • Fournier, B., Chevrier, R., De Grosbois, M., Lisella, R., Folliard, K., Ideker, J., Shehata, M., Thomas, M. and Baxter, S. (2004). The accelerated concrete prism test (60°C): Variability of the test method and proposed expansion limits. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on AAR in Concrete, pp. 314-323, Beijing, China.
  • Shayan, A., Xu, A. and Morris, H. (2008). Comparative study of the concrete prism test (CPT 60°C, 100% RH) and other accelerated tests. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on AAR, June 16-20, pp. 391-400, Trondheim, Norway.
  • Murdock, K.J. and Blanchette, A. (1994). Rapid evaluation of alkali aggregate reactivity using a 60°C concrete prism test, Proceedings of the 3rd CANMET/ACI International Conference on Durability of Concrete, pp. 57-78, Nice, France.
  • Touma, W.E., Fowler, D.W., Carrasquillo, R.L., Folliard, K.J. and Nelson, N.R. (2001). Characterizing alkali-silica reactivity of aggregates using ASTM C1293, ASTM C1260 and their modifications. Transportation Research Record, 1757, Paper no. 01-3019, pp. 157-165.
  • Lindgård, J., Nixon, P.J., Borchers, I., Schouenborg, B., Wigum, B.J., Haugen, M. and Åkesson, U. (2010). The EU “PARTNER” Project – European standard tests to prevent alkali reactions in aggregates: Final results and recommendations. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 40, pp. 611-635.
  • Rivard, P., Bérubé, M.A., Ollivier, J.P. and Ballivy, G. (2003). Alkali mass balance during the accelerated concrete prism test for alkali-aggregate reactivity. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 33, pp. 1147-1153.
  • Duchesne, J. and Bérubé, M.A. (2001). Long-term effectiveness of supplementary cementing materials against alkali-silica reaction. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 31, pp. 1057-1063.
  • Lindgård, J., Thomas, M.D.A., Sellevold, E.J., Pedersen, B., Andiç-Çakır, Ö., Justnes, H. and Rønning, T.F. (2013a). Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) – performance testing: Influence of specimen pre-treatment, exposure conditions and prism size on alkali leaching and prism expansion. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 53, pp. 68-90.
  • Çopuroğlu, O., Andiç-Çakir, Ö., Broekmans, M.A.T.M. and Kühnel, R. (2009). Mineralogy, geochemistry and expansion testing of an alkali-reactive basalt from western Anatolia, Turkey. Materials Characterization, Vol. 60, pp. 756-766.
  • Yüksel, C., Saleh-Ahari, R., Abbaspoursani-Ahari, B. and Ramyar, K. (2013). Evaluation of three test methods for determining the alkali–silica reactivity of glass aggregate. Cement and Concrete Composites. Vol. 38, pp. 57-64.
  • RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports, Volume 17 (2016). State-of-the-Art-Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 219-ACS, RILEM Recommendations for the Prevention of Damage by Alkali-Aggregate Reactions in New Concrete Structures. Eds. Philip J. Nixon and I. Sims.
  • Lindgård, J., Sellevold, E.J., Thomas, M.D.A., Pedersen, B., Justnes, H. and Rønning, T.F. (2013b). Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) – performance testing: Influence of specimen pre-treatment, exposure conditions and prism size on concrete porosity, moisture state and transport properties. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 53, pp. 145-167.
  • Robinson, J.W. (1982). Basic Principles. In: J.E. Cantle (ed) Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. New York, pp. 1-14.
  • Shayan, A. (2004). Alkali-aggregate reaction and basalt aggregates. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on AAR in Concrete, pp. 1130-1135, Beijing, China.
  • Du, H. and Tan, K.H. (2013). Use of waste glass as sand in mortar: Part II – Alkali–silica reaction and mitigation methods. Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 35, pp. 118-126.
  • Hudec, P.P. and Ghamari, R.C. (2000). Ground waste glass as an alkali-silica reactivity inhibitor. Proceedings 11th International Conference on AAR, June, pp. 663-672, Québec City, Canada.
  • Shao, Y., Lefort, T., Moras, S. and Rodriguez, D. (2000). Studies on concrete containing ground waste glass. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 30, pp. 91-100.
  • Rajabipour, F., Maraghechi, H. and Fischer, G. (2010). Investigating the alkali–silica reaction of recycled glass aggregates in concrete materials. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 22, (12), pp. 1201–1208.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Cihat Yüksel Bu kişi benim

Ali Mardanı-aghabaglou

Ahsanollah Beglarıgale

Halit Yazıcı

Kambiz Ramyar

Özge Andiç Çakır

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yüksel, C., Mardanı-aghabaglou, A., Beglarıgale, A., Yazıcı, H., vd. (2017). Bazalt ve Atık Cam Agregalı Betonlarda Alkali-Silis Reaksiyonu Genleşmeleri ve Alkali Sızıntısı Seviyeleri. Teknik Dergi, 28(2), 7865-7882. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.304100
AMA Yüksel C, Mardanı-aghabaglou A, Beglarıgale A, Yazıcı H, Ramyar K, Andiç Çakır Ö. Bazalt ve Atık Cam Agregalı Betonlarda Alkali-Silis Reaksiyonu Genleşmeleri ve Alkali Sızıntısı Seviyeleri. Teknik Dergi. Nisan 2017;28(2):7865-7882. doi:10.18400/tekderg.304100
Chicago Yüksel, Cihat, Ali Mardanı-aghabaglou, Ahsanollah Beglarıgale, Halit Yazıcı, Kambiz Ramyar, ve Özge Andiç Çakır. “Bazalt Ve Atık Cam Agregalı Betonlarda Alkali-Silis Reaksiyonu Genleşmeleri Ve Alkali Sızıntısı Seviyeleri”. Teknik Dergi 28, sy. 2 (Nisan 2017): 7865-82. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.304100.
EndNote Yüksel C, Mardanı-aghabaglou A, Beglarıgale A, Yazıcı H, Ramyar K, Andiç Çakır Ö (01 Nisan 2017) Bazalt ve Atık Cam Agregalı Betonlarda Alkali-Silis Reaksiyonu Genleşmeleri ve Alkali Sızıntısı Seviyeleri. Teknik Dergi 28 2 7865–7882.
IEEE C. Yüksel, A. Mardanı-aghabaglou, A. Beglarıgale, H. Yazıcı, K. Ramyar, ve Ö. Andiç Çakır, “Bazalt ve Atık Cam Agregalı Betonlarda Alkali-Silis Reaksiyonu Genleşmeleri ve Alkali Sızıntısı Seviyeleri”, Teknik Dergi, c. 28, sy. 2, ss. 7865–7882, 2017, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.304100.
ISNAD Yüksel, Cihat vd. “Bazalt Ve Atık Cam Agregalı Betonlarda Alkali-Silis Reaksiyonu Genleşmeleri Ve Alkali Sızıntısı Seviyeleri”. Teknik Dergi 28/2 (Nisan 2017), 7865-7882. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.304100.
JAMA Yüksel C, Mardanı-aghabaglou A, Beglarıgale A, Yazıcı H, Ramyar K, Andiç Çakır Ö. Bazalt ve Atık Cam Agregalı Betonlarda Alkali-Silis Reaksiyonu Genleşmeleri ve Alkali Sızıntısı Seviyeleri. Teknik Dergi. 2017;28:7865–7882.
MLA Yüksel, Cihat vd. “Bazalt Ve Atık Cam Agregalı Betonlarda Alkali-Silis Reaksiyonu Genleşmeleri Ve Alkali Sızıntısı Seviyeleri”. Teknik Dergi, c. 28, sy. 2, 2017, ss. 7865-82, doi:10.18400/tekderg.304100.
Vancouver Yüksel C, Mardanı-aghabaglou A, Beglarıgale A, Yazıcı H, Ramyar K, Andiç Çakır Ö. Bazalt ve Atık Cam Agregalı Betonlarda Alkali-Silis Reaksiyonu Genleşmeleri ve Alkali Sızıntısı Seviyeleri. Teknik Dergi. 2017;28(2):7865-82.