Kum Zeminlerdeki Kazıklı Radye Temellerin Optimum Kazık Aralığının Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 10477 - 10494, 01.01.2021

Bayram Ateş Erol Şadoğlu

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.644885

Cited By: 7

Öz

Kazıklı temeller, yapı yüklerinin yüzeysel temellerle güvenle taşıtılamadığı durumlarda kullanılmaktadır. Kazıklı radye temeller, kazık ve radyenin yük taşıma kapasitelerini birleştiren bir temel sistemi olması sebebiyle son yıllarda ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu sebeple söz konusu temel sistemlerinin güvenilir ve ekonomik tasarımı için kapsamlı teorik ve deneysel çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kum zemin içerisinde yer alan kazıklı radye temellerin tasarım parametrelerinin etkileri (kazıklar arası mesafe, kazık çapı, kazık uzunluğu ve rölatif sıkılık, vb.) deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Laboratuvar deneylerinde, çapı 20 ve 30 mm, uzunluğu 200 ve 300 mm olan model kompozit (çelik ve beton) kazıklar kullanılmıştır. Plan boyutları 160x160 mm, 240x240 mm ve kalınlığı 6 mm olan model radyeler, çelik plakadan imal edilmiştir. Farklı tasarım parametrelerine sahip model kazıklı radye temeller test edilmiştir. Deney sonuçlarından, kazıklı radye temellerde kazıklar arası mesafe arttıkça taşıma gücünün bir sınır değer kadar arttığı ve kazıklar arası optimum mesafenin 4D olduğu belirlenmiştir. Temel mühendisliği uygulamalarında kullanılmak üzere tasarım parametreleri önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kazıklı radye temel, Kazık tasarım parametreleri, Optimum kazık aralığı

Experimental Investigation of Optimum Piles Spacing for Piled Raft Foundation in Sandy Soils

Öz

Piled foundations are used in the cases where the structural loads cannot be carried safely with the shallow foundations. Piled raft foundation has become a prominent foundation system in recent years due to that it combines load bearing capacities of piles and raft. Therefore, comprehensive analytical and experimental studies have been carried out for reliable and economic design of piled raft foundations. In this study, the effects of design parameters of piled raft foundations in sand (pile spacing, pile diameter, pile length and relative density etc.) have been investigated experimentally. In the laboratory tests, model composite (steel and concrete) piles with diameters of 20, 30 mm and lengths of 200, 300 mm were used.The raft was made of steel plate with plan dimensions of 160x160, 240x240 mm and a thickness of 6 mm. The model piled raft foundations with different design parameters were tested. From the tests results, as the pile spacing getting larger, the bearing capacities of the model pile raft foundation increased up to a limit value and the optimum distance between the piles was determined to be 4D. Some design parameters are suggested for use in foundation engineering applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Piled raft foundation, Design parameters of pile, Optimum pile spacing

Kaynakça

• [1] Kishida, H., Matsushita K. ve Sakamoto I., Soil-StructureInteraction of the Elevator Tower and Concrete Footings, Proceedings of the4th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 3, Santiago de Chile,101–115, 1969.
• [2] Cooke, R.,W., Piled Raft Foundations on Stiff Clays-A Contribution toDesign Philosophy, Géotechnique, 36(2), 169-203, 1986.
• [3] Whitaker, T., Some Experiments on Model Piled Foundations in Clay, 6th International Congress of International Association of Bridge StructureEngineering, Stockholm, Sweden, 124-139, 1961.
• [4] Sönmez, D., D., Orta sıkılıktaki kumdaki kazık gruplarının negatifsürtünmesi ile ilgili bir model çalışma, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta DoğuTeknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 89, 1994.
• [5] Tomlinson, M., J., Pile Design and Construction Practice, Chapman andHall, London, UK, 2004.
• [6] York, D., L.,ve Leahy, R., J., Experiences with Heave and Relaxation ofEnd Bearing Piles, Associated Pile and Fitting Corp, Pile Talk Seminer, NewYork, 73-85, 1979.
• [7] Ismael N., F., Axial Load Tests on Pile and Pile Group in Cemented Sands,Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 42(3), 767-773, 2001.
• [8] Tomlinson M. J., Pile Design and Construction Practice, E&FN Spon, London, 1994.
• [9] Özkan, M.T., Sağlamer, A., Kazıklı Temeller, Dünya İnşaat Dergisi, 131/7, 34-38, 1995.
• [10] Elsamee, W. A., Effect of Pile Spacing On Ultimate Capacity and Load Shearing for Piled Raft Foundation, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562, 13, 8, 2018.
• [11] A.S.T.M., Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis, D-6913, American Society for Testing and Materials,West Conshohocken, 34, 2017.
• [12] A.S.T.M., Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer, D-854, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, 8, 2006.
• [13] ASTM D4253-16, Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, www.astm.org, 2016.
• [14] ASTM D4253-16, Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, www.astm.org, 2016.
• [15] ASTM D3080 / D3080M-11, Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, www.astm.org, 2011.
• [16] Gök, S., Kazıklı Radye Temellerin Analizi. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul TeknikÜniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 101, 2007.
• [17] Bajad, S. P. ve Sahu, R. B., An Experimental Study on the Behaviour ofVertically Loaded Piled Raft on Soft Clay, The 12th International Conferenceof International Association for Computer Methods and Advances inGeomechanics (IACMAG), India, 84-91, 2008.
• [18] Nguyen, D. D. C., JO, S. B. and Kim, D. S., Design method of piled-raft foundations under vertical load considering interaction effects, Computersand Geotechnics, 47, 16-27, 2013.
• [19] Briaud, J.L. ve Jeanjean, P., Load settlement curve method for spread footings on sand,Vertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankments, ASCE, 2, 1774-1804, 1994.
• [20] Trautmann, C.H. ve Kulhawy, F.H., Uplift load-displacement behavior of spread foundations,Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 114, 2, 168-183, 1998.
• [21] Debeer, E.E., Experimental determination of the shape factors and the bearing capacity factors of sand,Geotechnique, 20, 4,387-411, 1970.
• [22] Örnek, M, Yumuşak Kil Zeminlerin Geogrid Donatı ile Güçlendirilmesi, Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, 318, 2009.
• [23] Lutenegger, A.J. ve Adams, M.T., Bearing Capacity of Footings on Compacted Sand. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, 1216-1224, 1998.
• [24] Keskin, M. S., Güçlendirilmiş Kumlu Şevlere Oturan Yüzeysel Temellerin Deneysel ve Teorik . Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, 2009.