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An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4, 12283 - 12308, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.977677

Öz

The Force Modification Factors defined in the Turkish Seismic Code (2018) for cold-formed steel structures are examined within the scope of this paper. Experimental and analytical studies are carried out on a real-life structure to investigate if the defined coefficients are practically applicable. An Ambient Vibration Survey is implemented to obtain the characteristic modal periods of the building, which is then modelled in computing environment through modal calibration. Additional laboratory experiments are carried out to determine a mathematical relationship for the connections between the bracing and the frame members of the building. Performance analysis is conducted to analyze the nonlinear behavior of the structure, and the force modification factors are evaluated. It is observed that the computed values from the analyses are generally within the range of what is defined in the Code, if not greater. Several suggestions as to where the Code content could be improvised are also included.

Kaynakça

  • Turkish Seismic Code, Principles for the Design of Buildings Subjected to Earthquake Effects, The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara, Turkey, 2018.
  • Della Corte, G., Fiorino, L., Landolfo, R., “Seismic behavior of sheathed cold-formed structures: numerical study”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 132(4), 558-569, 2006.
  • Landolfo, R., Fiorino, L., Della Corte, G., “Seismic behavior of sheathed cold-formed structures: physical tests”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 132(4), 570-581, 2006.
  • Dubina, D., “Behavior and performance of cold-formed steel-framed houses under seismic action”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 64, 896-913, 2008.
  • Velchev, K., Comeau, G., Balh, N., Rogers, C.A., “Evaluation of the AISI S213 seismic design procedures through testing of strap braced cold-formed steel walls”, Thin-Walled Structures, 48, 846-856, 2010.
  • Nithyadharan, M., Kalyanaraman, V., “Behavior of cold-formed steel shear wall panels under monotonic and reversed cyclic loading”, Thin-Walled Structures, 60, 12-23, 2012.
  • Shamim, I., Rogers, C.A., “Steel sheathed/CFS framed shear walls under dynamic loading: numerical modelling and calibration”, Thin-Walled Structures, 71, 57-71, 2013.
  • Sato, A., Uang, C.M., “A FEMA P695 study for the proposed seismic performance factors for cold-formed steel special bolted moment frames”, Earthquake Spectra, 29(1), 259-282, 2013.
  • Iuorio, O., Macillo, V., Terracciano, M.T., Pali, T., Fiorino, L., Landolfo, R., “Seismic response of CFS strap-braced stud walls: experimental investigation”, Thin-Walled Structures, 85, 466-480, 2014.
  • Bian, G., Padilla-Llano, D.A., Buonopane, S.G., Moen, C.D., Schafer, B.W., “OpenSees modeling of a wood-sheathed cold-formed steel-framed shear walls”, Proceedings of the Annual Stability Conference, Structural Stability Research Council, Nashville, Tennessee, March, 2015.
  • Senkardesler, O., Goler, G., Soyoz, S., “Dynamic and cyclic response of a full-scale 2-story cold-formed steel structure with and without infill materials”, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 15(8), 3207-3326, 2016.
  • Borzoo, S., Mir Ghaderi, S.R., Mohebi, S., Rahimzadeh, A., “Nonlinear finite element modeling of steel-sheathed cold-formed steel shear walls”, Steel and Composite Structures, 22(1), 79-89, 2016.
  • Madsen, R.L., Castle, T.A., Schafer, B.W., “Seismic design of cold-formed steel lateral load-resisting systems: a guide for practicing engineers”, NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No.12, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, August, 2016.
  • Karabulut, B., Soyoz, S., "Experimental and Analytical Studies on Different Configurations of Cold-Formed Steel Structures", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 133, 535-546, 2017.
  • Leng, J., Peterman, K.D., Bian, G., Buonopane, S.G., Schafer, B.W., “Modeling seismic response of a full-scale cold-formed steel-framed building”, Engineering Structures, 153, 146-165, 2017.
  • Riahi, H.T., Zeynalian, M., Rabiei, A., Ferdosi, E., “Seismic collapse assessment of K-shaped bracings in cold-formed steel frames”, Structures, 25, 256-267, 2020.
  • Haghpanah, F., Schafer, B.W., “Updated seismic fragility functions for cold-formed steel framed shear walls per FEMA P-58 methodology”, Engineering Structures, 244:112753, 2021.
  • Yurtsever, M., “Ortamsal titreşim deneyleriyle hafif-çelik yapılarda titreşim periyotlarının belirlenmesi ve doğrulanması”, Çelik Yapılar, 55, 38-45, 2018.
  • CSI SAP2000 v20.2.0, Integrated Finite Element Analysis and Design of Structures, Computers and Structures Incorporated, Berkeley, California, 2019.
  • Yurtsever, M., “An investigation on force modification factors in cold-formed steel structures”, Ph.D. Dissertation, Bogazici University, Istanbul.
  • ASTM E2126, Standard Test Methods for Cyclic (Reversed) Load Test for Shear Resistance of Vertical Elements of the Lateral Force Resisting Systems for Buildings, American Society for Testing and Materials International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA, 2011.
  • GBTUL 2.06, Generalized Beam Theory at the University of Lisbon, Generalised Beam Theory Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 2016.
  • CUFSM 5.01, Constrained and Unconstrained Finite Strip Method, Thin-Walled Structures Group, Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 2019.
  • CUTWP, Cornell University Thin-Walled (Section) Properties, Cold-Formed Steel Structures Research Group, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 2003.
  • AISI S213-07 w/S1-09, North American Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Lateral Design, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington D.C., USA, 2012.
  • Kawai Y., Kanno R., and Hanya K., “Cyclic shear resistance of light-gauge steel framed walls”, ASCE Structures Congress, Poland, USA, 433-437, 1997.

An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4, 12283 - 12308, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.977677

Öz

The Force Modification Factors defined in the Turkish Seismic Code (2018) for cold-formed steel structures are examined within the scope of this paper. Experimental and analytical studies are carried out on a real-life structure to investigate if the defined coefficients are practically applicable. An Ambient Vibration Survey is implemented to obtain the characteristic modal periods of the building, which is then modelled in computing environment through modal calibration. Additional laboratory experiments are carried out to determine a mathematical relationship for the connections between the bracing and the frame members of the building. Performance analysis is conducted to analyze the nonlinear behavior of the structure, and the force modification factors are evaluated. It is observed that the computed values from the analyses are generally within the range of what is defined in the Code, if not greater. Several suggestions as to where the Code content could be improvised are also included.

Kaynakça

  • Turkish Seismic Code, Principles for the Design of Buildings Subjected to Earthquake Effects, The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara, Turkey, 2018.
  • Della Corte, G., Fiorino, L., Landolfo, R., “Seismic behavior of sheathed cold-formed structures: numerical study”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 132(4), 558-569, 2006.
  • Landolfo, R., Fiorino, L., Della Corte, G., “Seismic behavior of sheathed cold-formed structures: physical tests”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 132(4), 570-581, 2006.
  • Dubina, D., “Behavior and performance of cold-formed steel-framed houses under seismic action”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 64, 896-913, 2008.
  • Velchev, K., Comeau, G., Balh, N., Rogers, C.A., “Evaluation of the AISI S213 seismic design procedures through testing of strap braced cold-formed steel walls”, Thin-Walled Structures, 48, 846-856, 2010.
  • Nithyadharan, M., Kalyanaraman, V., “Behavior of cold-formed steel shear wall panels under monotonic and reversed cyclic loading”, Thin-Walled Structures, 60, 12-23, 2012.
  • Shamim, I., Rogers, C.A., “Steel sheathed/CFS framed shear walls under dynamic loading: numerical modelling and calibration”, Thin-Walled Structures, 71, 57-71, 2013.
  • Sato, A., Uang, C.M., “A FEMA P695 study for the proposed seismic performance factors for cold-formed steel special bolted moment frames”, Earthquake Spectra, 29(1), 259-282, 2013.
  • Iuorio, O., Macillo, V., Terracciano, M.T., Pali, T., Fiorino, L., Landolfo, R., “Seismic response of CFS strap-braced stud walls: experimental investigation”, Thin-Walled Structures, 85, 466-480, 2014.
  • Bian, G., Padilla-Llano, D.A., Buonopane, S.G., Moen, C.D., Schafer, B.W., “OpenSees modeling of a wood-sheathed cold-formed steel-framed shear walls”, Proceedings of the Annual Stability Conference, Structural Stability Research Council, Nashville, Tennessee, March, 2015.
  • Senkardesler, O., Goler, G., Soyoz, S., “Dynamic and cyclic response of a full-scale 2-story cold-formed steel structure with and without infill materials”, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 15(8), 3207-3326, 2016.
  • Borzoo, S., Mir Ghaderi, S.R., Mohebi, S., Rahimzadeh, A., “Nonlinear finite element modeling of steel-sheathed cold-formed steel shear walls”, Steel and Composite Structures, 22(1), 79-89, 2016.
  • Madsen, R.L., Castle, T.A., Schafer, B.W., “Seismic design of cold-formed steel lateral load-resisting systems: a guide for practicing engineers”, NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No.12, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, August, 2016.
  • Karabulut, B., Soyoz, S., "Experimental and Analytical Studies on Different Configurations of Cold-Formed Steel Structures", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 133, 535-546, 2017.
  • Leng, J., Peterman, K.D., Bian, G., Buonopane, S.G., Schafer, B.W., “Modeling seismic response of a full-scale cold-formed steel-framed building”, Engineering Structures, 153, 146-165, 2017.
  • Riahi, H.T., Zeynalian, M., Rabiei, A., Ferdosi, E., “Seismic collapse assessment of K-shaped bracings in cold-formed steel frames”, Structures, 25, 256-267, 2020.
  • Haghpanah, F., Schafer, B.W., “Updated seismic fragility functions for cold-formed steel framed shear walls per FEMA P-58 methodology”, Engineering Structures, 244:112753, 2021.
  • Yurtsever, M., “Ortamsal titreşim deneyleriyle hafif-çelik yapılarda titreşim periyotlarının belirlenmesi ve doğrulanması”, Çelik Yapılar, 55, 38-45, 2018.
  • CSI SAP2000 v20.2.0, Integrated Finite Element Analysis and Design of Structures, Computers and Structures Incorporated, Berkeley, California, 2019.
  • Yurtsever, M., “An investigation on force modification factors in cold-formed steel structures”, Ph.D. Dissertation, Bogazici University, Istanbul.
  • ASTM E2126, Standard Test Methods for Cyclic (Reversed) Load Test for Shear Resistance of Vertical Elements of the Lateral Force Resisting Systems for Buildings, American Society for Testing and Materials International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA, 2011.
  • GBTUL 2.06, Generalized Beam Theory at the University of Lisbon, Generalised Beam Theory Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 2016.
  • CUFSM 5.01, Constrained and Unconstrained Finite Strip Method, Thin-Walled Structures Group, Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 2019.
  • CUTWP, Cornell University Thin-Walled (Section) Properties, Cold-Formed Steel Structures Research Group, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 2003.
  • AISI S213-07 w/S1-09, North American Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Lateral Design, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington D.C., USA, 2012.
  • Kawai Y., Kanno R., and Hanya K., “Cyclic shear resistance of light-gauge steel framed walls”, ASCE Structures Congress, Poland, USA, 433-437, 1997.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İnşaat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Macit Yurtsever 0000-0002-3402-3847

Serdar Soyöz 0000-0002-5502-6545

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Yurtsever, M., & Soyöz, S. (2022). An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures. Teknik Dergi, 33(4), 12283-12308. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.977677
AMA Yurtsever M, Soyöz S. An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures. Teknik Dergi. Temmuz 2022;33(4):12283-12308. doi:10.18400/tekderg.977677
Chicago Yurtsever, Macit, ve Serdar Soyöz. “An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures”. Teknik Dergi 33, sy. 4 (Temmuz 2022): 12283-308. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.977677.
EndNote Yurtsever M, Soyöz S (01 Temmuz 2022) An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures. Teknik Dergi 33 4 12283–12308.
IEEE M. Yurtsever ve S. Soyöz, “An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures”, Teknik Dergi, c. 33, sy. 4, ss. 12283–12308, 2022, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.977677.
ISNAD Yurtsever, Macit - Soyöz, Serdar. “An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures”. Teknik Dergi 33/4 (Temmuz 2022), 12283-12308. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.977677.
JAMA Yurtsever M, Soyöz S. An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures. Teknik Dergi. 2022;33:12283–12308.
MLA Yurtsever, Macit ve Serdar Soyöz. “An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures”. Teknik Dergi, c. 33, sy. 4, 2022, ss. 12283-08, doi:10.18400/tekderg.977677.
Vancouver Yurtsever M, Soyöz S. An Investigation on Force Modification Factors in Cold-Formed Steel Structures. Teknik Dergi. 2022;33(4):12283-308.