Hidrolojik Model Kalibrasyonunda Uydu Tabanlı Aylık Buharlaşma ve LAI Verilerinin Kullanılması
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 33 Sayı: 6, 13013 - 13035, 01.11.2022
Muhammet Bahattin Avcuoglu
,
Mehmet Cüneyd Demirel
Öz
Hidrolojik model parametreleri geleneksel yaklaşımda havza çıkışındaki akım gözlem istasyonlarından (AGİ) elde edilen günlük akım verileriyle tahmin edilmeye çalışılır. Modern yaklaşımda ise akım verileri yanında açık erişimli uydu tabanlı uzaktan algılama verilerinden de faydalanılır. Uzaktan algılama verilerinin kullanıldığı yöntem ile sadece akım verisiyle elde edilen noktasal iyileştirme sonuçlarının yanında alana yayılı kar örtüsü, gerçek buharlaşma, yaprak alan indeksi, toprak nemi ve yer altı suyu beslenmesi gibi akı değerlerinin de daha tutarlı ve güvenilir olması sağlanır. Bu çalışmamızın amacı uzaktan algılama yöntemleriyle elde edilmiş MODIS aylık gerçek evapotranspirasyon (AET) verileri ile yaprak alan indeksi (LAI) haritalarının hidrolojik model kalibrasyonuna etkilerini araştırmaktır. Benzeşim deneylerimiz için Vienne (Fransa) havzası seçilmiştir. Fizik tabanlı tam yayılı mHM hidrolojik modeli bu havza için çalıştırılmış ve 6 senaryo için kalibrasyonlar yapılmıştır. Modelin akım benzeşim performansı Kling-Gupta (KGE) metriği ile modelin yayılı evapotranspirasyon performansı ise SPAEF metriği ile ortaya konmuştur. Sonuçlara göre, sadece havza çıkışındaki AGİ verilerine göre kalibre edilen model KGE 0.91’ye ulaşırken (maksimum 1), SPAEF buharlaşma performansı düşüktür. Havzaya yayılmış 4 AGİ’li kalibrasyonda ortlama KGE 0.37 iken SPAEF kısmen iyileşmiştir. Tek AGİ ve MODIS-AET birlikte kalibrasyonda kullanıldığında KGE 0.90 SPAEF ~0.70 olmuştur. Dördüncü senaryomuzda model sadece MODIS-AET ile kalibre edilmiş SPAEF 0.60’e ulaşmıştır. Öte yandan su dengesi tutturulamamıştır (KGE -0.24). Beşinci senaryoda, model sadece 12 adet akım verisi ve MODIS-AET ile kalibre edilmiş ve KGE 0.67 iken SPAEF 0.75 gibi yüksek değerler almıştır. Altıncı son senaryoda sadece bir yıl günlük akım gözlemi yapıldığı varsayımı yapılarak MODIS-AET’nin de dahil edildiği model kalibrasyonu yapıldığında KGE 0.72 ve SPAEF yine 0.75 dolaylarında yüksek değerler almıştır. Bu altı senaryolu model kalibrasyon çalışmamızın sonuçları akım ölçümleri eksik havzalar için ümit vericidir. Öyle ki; uydu verilerinden elde edilen gerçek evapotranspirasyon (AET) ile birlikte sadece bir yıl günlük veya bir yılın her ayından bir debi ölçümü toplamda 12 debi değeri ile dahi yeterli su dengesi sağlanabilmektedir.
Destekleyen Kurum
TÜBİTAK 2232 programı
Teşekkür
Yazarlar Türkiye Ulusal Yüksek Performanslı Hesaplama Merkezine (UHeM) 1007292019 ve 4008242020 numaralı destekler için teşekkür eder. Yine yazarlar, Danimarka Villum Fonu’nun (http://villumfonden.dk/) SPACE projesine Genç Araştırmacı Programının sağladığı VKR023443 numaralı destek için teşekkür eder. İkinci yazar (MCD) TÜBİTAK 2232 programı kapsamında 118C020 numaralı projesiyle desteklenmiştir. Tüm MODIS verileri, “NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, Güney Dakota, https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data_access/data_pool.” izniyle çevrimiçi veri havuzundan alınmıştır. Yaprak alan indeksi ile PET düzeltmesi yapabilen dinamik ölçekleme fonksiyonu mHM sürüm 5.8 ve sonrasındaki yeni versiyonlarda mevcuttur (www.ufz.de/mhm/). Spatial Efficiency (SPAEF) için R, Python ve Matlab betikleri örnekleriyle birlikte SPACE projesi web sitesinde (http://www.space.geus.dk/) ve Researchgate sunucularında mevcuttur.
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On the Utility of Remotely Sensed Actual ET and LAI in Hydrologic Model Calibration
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 33 Sayı: 6, 13013 - 13035, 01.11.2022
Muhammet Bahattin Avcuoglu
,
Mehmet Cüneyd Demirel
Öz
Hydrological model parameters are usually calibrated based on the performance of the daily river discharge data recorded at the basin outlet. In the unconvetional approach, satellite-based remote sensing data, which is open to everyone, is utilized in addition to the discharge data. The latter approach is aslo called spatial calibration in hydrology. The objective of this study is to assess the utility of remotely sensed actual evapotranspiration (AET) and monthly leaf area index (LAI) maps on the calibration of the hydrological model. For this, six different calibration cases (scenarios) are designed using a physically-based hydrologic model for the Vienne basin in France. It should be noted that LAI is used to estimate interception and correct the PET in the model i.e. both affecting the simulated AET. The daily discharge simulation performance of the model is assessed using KGE and the spatial performance of the model is assessed using SPAEF i.e. between mHM's long-term (2002-2014) monthly average AET raster output maps and reference MODIS-AET maps. According to the results, the KGE for scenario 1 (single AGI) was 0.91, SPAEF was below zero; for scenario 2 (with 4 AGI), the KGE was 0.37 while the SPAEF was positive; for scenario 3 (Single AGI and MODIS-AET), the KGE was 0.90 while the SPAEF were ~0.70; For the 4th scenario (MODIS-AET only), the KGE was -0.24, SPAEF was around 0.60, for scenario 5 (12 flow data and MODIS-AET) the KGE was 0.67, SPAEF was around 0.75; for scenario 6 (one-year daily flow and MODIS-AET) KGE 0.72 and SPAEF was around 0.75. Our results are promising even for poorly gaged basins as we could reach reasonable performance with satellite based AET and only 12 discharge measurements.
Kaynakça
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- A. Kunnath-Poovakka, D. Ryu, T. I. Eldho, ve B. George, “Parameter Uncertainty of a Hydrologic Model Calibrated with Remotely Sensed Evapotranspiration and Soil Moisture”, J. Hydrol. Eng., c. 26, sayı 3, s. 04020070, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002055.
- C. Corbari ve M. Mancini, “Calibration and Validation of a Distributed Energy–Water Balance Model Using Satellite Data of Land Surface Temperature and Ground Discharge Measurements”, J. Hydrometeorol., c. 15, sayı 1, ss. 376–392, Şub. 2014, doi: 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0173.1.
- L. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Q. Ma, P. Wang, Y. Ge, ve W. Yu, “A parallel computing-based and spatially stepwise strategy for constraining a semi-distributed hydrological model with streamflow observations and satellite-based evapotranspiration”, J. Hydrol., c. 599, s. 126359, Ağu. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126359.
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- K. K. Yilmaz, H. V. Gupta, ve T. Wagener, “A multi-criteria penalty function approach for evaluating a priori model parameter estimates”, J. Hydrol., c. 525, ss. 165–177, Haz. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.012.
- F. Yassin, S. Razavi, H. Wheater, G. Sapriza-Azuri, B. Davison, ve A. Pietroniro, “Enhanced identification of a hydrologic model using streamflow and satellite water storage data: A multicriteria sensitivity analysis and optimization approach”, Hydrol. Process., c. 31, sayı 19, ss. 3320–3333, Eyl. 2017, doi: 10.1002/hyp.11267.
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