A STYLISTIC INVESTIGATION INTO THE POEMS OF THE MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS

Öz

This study aims to examine the use of figurative language in Akıl Hastalarının Yazdıkları Şiirler: İnilti (1964), a collection of poems written by patients with mental illness, from a stylistic perspective. Using Leech and Short’s (2007) stylistics checklist, the analysis focuses on tropes of comparison (metaphor, simile, personification, apostrophe), association (metonymy, synecdoche, symbol, allegory), and contrast (paradox, hyperbole, litotes, irony). The qualitative analysis of 112 poems shows dense, and at times unconventional, figurative patterns: metaphors and similes translate inner unrest into concrete images, personification and apostrophe blur the boundary between self and world, and associative or contrastive tropes reorganize fragmented experiences into symbolic forms. The findings suggest that figurative language shapes how patients express their inner lives, consistent with Pennebaker et al.’s (2003) view that unconscious states surface in language and with Bakare’s (2009) observation that poetic expression can disclose aspects of mental life not easily conveyed directly.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Stylistics
• figures of speech
• tropes
• poetry
• mentally ill patients

RUHSAL HASTALIĞI OLAN BİREYLERİN ŞİİRLERİNİN BİÇEM BİLİMSEL İNCELEMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışma, ruhsal hastalığı olan bireyler tarafından yazılan şiirlerden oluşan Akıl Hastalarının Yazdıkları Şiirler: İnilti (1964) kitabındaki eğretilemeli dil kullanımını biçem bilimsel bir bakış açısıyla incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Leech ve Short’un (2007) biçembilimsel kontrol listesinden yararlanılarak yapılan çözümleme, karşılaştırma (eğretileme, benzetme, kişileştirme, hitap), çağrışım (düzdeğişmece, düzdeğiştirmece, simge, kinaye) ve karşıtlık (çelişki, abartma, küçültme, tersinleme) değişmecelerine odaklanmaktadır. Toplam 112 şiirin nitel çözümlemesi, yoğun ve zaman zaman sıra dışı eğretilemeli örüntüler sergilendiğini göstermektedir: Eğretileme ve benzetmeler içsel çalkantıları somut imgeler hâline getirirken, kişileştirme ve hitap benlik ile dış dünya arasındaki çizgiyi bulanıklaştırmakta; çağrışımsal ya da karşıtlık temelli değişmeceler ise parçalı deneyimleri simgesel biçimlere dönüştürmektedir. Bulgular değişmeceli anlatımın ruhsal hastaların iç dünyalarını ifade etme biçimlerini belirlediğini ortaya koymakta; bu durum, bilinç dışı süreçlerin dile yansıdığını savunan Pennebaker ve diğerlerinin (2003) görüşüyle ve şiirsel ifadenin doğrudan dile getirilemeyen ruhsal boyutları açığa çıkarabileceğini belirten Bakare’nin (2009) yorumuyla örtüşmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biçem bilim
• söz sanatları
• değişmeceli anlatım
• şiir
• ruhsal hastalar

Kaynakça

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