The Iranian Branch of the Silkroad and the Prevention of the Sılk Trade by Iran

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 96 - 123, 13.04.2014

Mehmet Tezcan

https://doi.org/10.7884/teke.272

Cited By: 3

Öz

History of studies on the Silkroad begins with Zhang Qian, a famous Chinese ambassador in the East, in the second half of the 2nd century BC in the East, and with Maes Titianus, a Greek trader in the West in the early years of the 1st century AD. In the Antiquity and Early Middle Ages, the Silkroad began to its journey from Antiochia in the West through the territories of Northern Mesopotamia and Iran and then the Western and Eastern Turkestan in Central Asia and finished in Chang’an and Loyang, the two capitals of China in the East. The course of this route through Iranian territory generally stayed closed during the times of the states founded in Iran, such as Parthians and Sasanians because they liked to getting more profits from the silk trade and other products. At the end, the Roman trade with the East through the Red Sea was prevented by the Sasanians towards 570s, and Justinus II, the Byzantine Emperor had to pass the route through the northern regions of the Aral Lake and the Black Sea, negotiating with the rulers of the 1st Turkic Kaganate.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Silkroad, silk, Iran, Parthians, Sasanians, Byzantine, Turkish Kaganate.

İpek Yolu’nun İran Güzergâhı ve İpek Yolu Ticaretine İran Engellemesi

Öz

İpek Yolu’nun araştırılma tarihi, Doğuda M.Ö. II. yy.ın ikinci yarısında Çin elçisi Zhang Qian ile, Batıda ise M.S. I. yy. başlarında Grek tüccarı Maes Titianus ile başlatılmaktadır. Antik dönemde ve Ortaçağ başlarında, Batıdan Doğuya karayoluyla Antakya bölgesinden başlayarak Kuzey Mezopotamya ve İran içerisinden geçmek zorunda olan İpek Yolu güzergâhı, daha sonra Batı ve Doğu Türkistan bölgelerinden geçmek suretiyle Çin başkentleri Chang’an ve Loyang’a kadar uzanmaktaydı. Fakat İran’da kurulan devletlerin, ipekten ve bu yoldan geçen ticaretten daha fazla kâr etme arzuları sebebiyle İran güzergâhı Parthlar ve Sasaniler döneminde genellikle kapalı kalmıştır. Roma döneminden beri Kızıl Deniz aracılığıyla Doğu ile yapılan deniz ticareti de 570 tarihlerinde Sasaniler tarafından engellenince, Bizans Devleti, Orta Asya’da yeni kurulan Türk Kağanlığı ile anlaşma yaparak bu güzergâhı Karadeniz üzerinden geçirmek zorunda kalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İpek Yolu, ipek, İran, Parthlar, Sasaniler, Bizans, Türk Kağanlığı.

Kaynakça

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