Analyses of the Thermophysiological Comfort Properties of Highly Elastane Polyamide 66 Compression Garments Crosslinked with Chitosan Biopolymers

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 107, 188 - 194, 30.09.2017

Nilüfer Yıldız Varan

Öz

Chitosan is a biopolymer having antimicrobial activities against various bacteria and fungi. Comfort properties of various types of nylon 66/spandex fabrics crosslinked with chitosan were studied.  aiming to increase the effectiveness and functions of compression fabrics used in burn scar treatments by providing infection protection with chitosan barriers. Chitosan is cross-linked with dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) then binds onto nylon 66/spandex fabrics to progress pressure garments with permanent antimicrobial activity. The obtained nylon 66/spandex fabrics in powernet, flat warp knitted and weft knitted structures were analyzed via total thermal resistance (Rct) [(C)(m2)/W],  and total insulation values (It) [clo] and DSC analyses were conducted and the results were evaluated. Finally, correlation between the thermal resistance for control and treated samples were given. The thermophysiological test results showed that samples crosslinked with chitosan provide thermophysiological comfort. The powernet fabrics showed the lowest thermal resistance (0.394-0.400) while the flat warp knitted fabrics showed the highest thermal resistance (0.495). These results show that after crosslinked with chitosan, the fabric samples can provide comfort by providing microclimate and preventing excess sweating of patients, thus can prevent infection risks. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Comfort, chitosan, polyamide 66, spandex, crosslinking, compression

Kitosan Biyopolimerleriyle Çapraz Bağlanmış Yüksek Elastanlı Poliamid 66 Basınçlı Giysilerin Termofizyolojik Konfor Özelliklerinin Analizleri

Öz

Kitosan çeşitli bakteri ve mantarlara karşı antimikrobiyel özellik gösteren bir biyopolimerdir. Çalışmada kitosan bariyerleri kullanılarak yanık yaralanmalarının tedavisinde kullanılan basınçlı giysilerin verimliliğini ve fonksiyonlarını artırmak amaçlanarak kitosan ile çapraz bağlanmış çeşitli poliamid/elastan kumaşların konfor özellikleri incelenmiştir. Basınçlı giysilere kalıcı antimikrobiyel özellik kazandırmak için, kitosan, dimetilol dihidroksietilenüre (DMDHEU) ile çapraz bağlanmış, daha sonra poliamid 66/elastan kumaşlara bağlanmıştır. Elde edilen powernet, düz çözgülü örme ve atkılı örme yapısındaki poliamid 66/elastan kumaşlar, toplam termal direnç (Rct) [(C)(m2)/W] ve toplam izolasyon değerleri (It) [clo] açısından analiz edilmiştir ve DSC analizleri yapılmış ve sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kontrol ve işlem görmüş kumaşlar arasındaki korelasyon verilmiştir. Termofizyolojik test sonuçlarına göre kitosanla çapraz bağlanmış kumaşlar termofizyolojik konfor sağlamaktadır. Powernet yapıdaki kumaşlar en düşük termal direnç (0.394-0.400) gösterirken düz çözgülü örme kumaşlar en yüksek termal direnci (0.495) göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, kitosanla çapraz bağlandıktan sonra kumaş numuneleri mikroklima ortamı sağlayarak ve hastaların aşırı terlemesini önleyerek konfor sağlayabilecek, böylece enfeksiyon risklerini de önleyebilecektir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Konfor, kitosan, poliamid 66, elastan, çapraz bağlanma, basınç

Kaynakça

• Yildiz, N., (2007), A Novel Technique to Determine Pressure in Pressure Garments for Hypertrophic Burn Scars and Comfort Properties, Burns, 33(1), 59-64.
• Parkinson, J.M., Schofield B., (1999), The Design of Pressure Garments for the Treatment of Hypertrophic Scarring Caused by Burns, Medical Textiles International Conference.15, 25th of August, Bolton Institute, UK.
• Bakker, A.B., Le Blanc P.M., Schaufeli W.B., (2005), Burnout Contagion Among Intensive Care Nurses, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 51(3), 276-287.
• Harrigan, P., Lancet P., (1991), Australia: Pressure Garments for Burn Patients, News & Comment, 337(8748), 1-2.
• Sau-Fun, Ng., Chi-Leung, H., Lai-Fan, W., (2011), Development of Medical Garments and Apparel for the Elderly and the Disabled, Textile Progress, 43(4), 235-285.
• Kumar, R.J., Kimble, R.M., Boots, R.,et al., (2004), Treatment of Partial-thickness Burns: a Prospective, Randomized Trial Using Transcyte, Anz Journal of Surgery, 74(1), 622-626.
• Partsch, H., (2005), The Static Stiffness Index: A Simple Method to Assess the Elastic Property of Compression Material in Vivo, The American Society for Dermotologic Surgery, 31(1), 625-630.
• Teng, T., Chou K., (2006), The Measurement and Analysis of the Pressure Generated by Burn Garments, Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 26(4), 155-159.
• Wegen-Franken, KVD., Roest, W., Tank B., et al. (2006), Calculating the Pressure and the Stiffness in Three Different Categories of Class II Medical Elastic Compression Stockings, The American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, 32(1), 216-223.
• Wang, X., Kempf, M., Liu, P., et al., (2008), Conservative Surgical Debridement as a Burn Treatment: Supporting Evidence from a Porcine Burn Model, Wound Repair and Regeneration, 16(1), 774-783.
• Hampton, S.,(2003), Elvarex Compression Garments in the Management of Lymphoedema, British Journal of Nursing, 12(15), 925-929.
• Attard, J., Rithalia, S., (2004), A Review of the Use of Lycra Pressure Orthoses for Children with Cerebral Palsy, International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 11(3), 120-126.
• Lee, G., Rajendran S., Anand S., (2009), New Single-Layer Compression Bandage System for Chronic Venaus Leg Ulcers, British Journal of Nursing, 18(15), 4-18.
• Macintyre, L., Baird, M., Weedal P., (1999), Elastic Fabrics for Use in Pressure Garments – Comfort Properties, Medical Textiles International Conference. 4, 25th August, Bolton Institute, UK.
• Bayley, E.W., Smith, G.A., (1987), The Three Degrees of Burn Care, Nursing, 17(3), 34-41.
• News, (2008), “No Consensus on the Most Effective Burn Treatment, Paediatric Nursing, 20(9), 5.
• Eldad, A., Salmon, Y.A., et al., (2003), Flame Burn Protection: Assessment of a New, Air-Cooled Fireproof Garment, Military Medicine, 68(8), 595-599.
• Chou, T., Chen, S., Lee, T., et al. (2001), Reconstruction of Burn Scar of the Upper Extremities with Artifical Skin, Reconstruction of Burn Scar, 108(2), 378-384.
• Zuhaili, B., Aflaki, P., Koyama, T.. et al, (2010), Meshed Skin Grafts Placed Upside Down can Take if Desiccation is Prevented, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 125(3), 855-865.
• Gladfelter, J, (2007), Compression Garments 101, Plastic Surgery Nursing, Vol. 27(2), 73-74.
• Chi, C.F., Lin, C.H., Yang, H.S., (2008), The Casual Analysis of Requested Alterations for Pressure Garments, Journal of Burn Care Research, 29(6), 965-974.
• Chemical Name Index. Textile Finishing Chemicals, pp. 656-669.
• Silver Green Products/ FAQ/ www.silver-green-products.us (25.6.2015).
• Simoncic, B., Tomsic, B., (2010), Structures of Novel Antimicrobial Agents for Textiles – a Review, Textile Research Journal, Vol. 80(16), 1721- 1737.
• Jayakumar, I.R., Prabaharan, M., Muzarelli, R.A.A., (2011), Chitosan for Biomaterials II, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• Sudardshan, N.R., Hoover, D.G., Knorr, D., (1992), Antibacterial Action of Chitosan, Food Biotechnology. 6(3), 257-272.
• Lim, S.H., Hudson, S.M., (2003), Review of Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents and Their Uses as Textile Chemicals, Journal of Macromolecular Science part c – Polymer Reviews. C43 (2), 223-269.
• Jayakumar, R., Nwe, N., Tokura, S., Tamura, H., (2007), Sulfated Chitin and Chitosan as Novel Biomaterials, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 40 (3), 175-181.
• Rinaudo, M., (2008), Main Properties and Current Applications of Some Polysaccharides as Biomaterials, Polymer International, 57, 397-430.
• Mourya, V.K., Inamdar, N.N., (2008), Chitosan – Modifications and Applications: Opportunities Galore, Reactive and Functional Polymers, 68(6), 1013-1051.
• Kurita, K., (2006), Chitin and Chitosan: Functional Biopolymers from Marine Crustaceans, Marine Biotechnology, 8(3), 203-226.
• Hirano, S., (1999), Chitin and Chitosan as Novel Biotechnological Materials, Polymer International, 48, 732-4.
• Yi, H., Wu, LQ., Bentley, W.E., Ghodssi, R., Rubloff, G.W., Culver, J.N., et al., (2005), Biofabrication with Chitosan, Biomacromolecules, 6, 2881-2894.
• Anand, S., Kennedy, J. F., Miraftab, M., & Rajendran, S. (Eds.).(2005), Medical Textiles and Biomaterials for Health Care, Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge, England.
• AATCC 100-2004, (2010), Standard Test Method for the Assessment of Antibacterial Finishes on Textiles, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, Philadelphia, PA
• Simal, A.L,. Martin, A.R., (1998), Structure of Heat-Treated Nylon 6 and 6.6 Fibres I: the Shrinkage Mechanism, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 68, 441–452.
• Sinha, M.K., (2006), An Investigation of Photodegradation of a Support Netting Used in the Conservation of Historic Textiles, Heriott-Watt, Edinburgh.
• ASTM F-1868-09, (2009), Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate, Part C, American Association for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.