Sivil Katılımın ve Ulusötesi Yaşlanmanın Sosyal Güvene Etkisi: Avrupa Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 407 - 441, 19.08.2022

Ferhan Saniye Palaz Murat Şentürk

https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.1164111

Bu makale için 31 Ocak 2024 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayımlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tesamakademi/issue/83069/1390309

Öz

Avrupa’da hem yaşlanan hem de ulusötesi yaşlanan nüfus artmaktadır. Ulusötesi yaşlanma çalışmaları, 2000’lerden itibaren hız kazanmışsa da sağlık ve emeklilik ön plana çıkmakta, sosyal boyutlar arka planda kalmaktadır. Bu araştırma yaygın literatürden farklı olarak, 50 yaş ve üzeri nüfusun sosyal sermayesini (sivil katılım ile sosyal güven ilişkisine odaklanarak) ele almakta ve bunu yaparken yerli ve göçmen ayrımını incelemektedir. Kuramsal olarak sivil katılımın sosyal güveni olumlu etkilemesi beklenmiştir. Nicel veri kaynağı Avrupa Sağlık, Yaşlanma ve Emeklilik Araştırması’dır (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe). Örneklemde 9 ülkeden 30067 kişi vardır. Hiyerarşik çoklu regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sosyal güvenin tek soru ile ölçülmesi ve makro faktörlerin ele alınmaması çalışmanın sınırlılıklarıdır. Çalışmanın ulaştığı bulgular üç açıdan önemlidir. Birincisi, yaşlı ve yaşlanan nüfus için sivil katılım çeşitliliğinin sosyal güveni olumlu etkilediğini göstererek sosyal sermaye kuramını desteklemiştir. İkincisi, sosyodemografik özellikler kontrol edildikten sonra bile ulusötesi yaşlanan kişilerin sosyal güveninin (göçmen olmaktan) negatif etkilendiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Üçüncüsü, birinci ve ikinci nesil göçmenler arasında fark olmaksızın sosyal güvenin yerlilerden düşük olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ulusötesi Yaşlanma, Sosyal Sermaye, Nicel Araştırma, Avrupa Sağlık, Yaşlanma ve Emeklilik Araştırması.

The Effect of Civic Participation and Transnational Aging on Social Trust: The Case of Europe

Bu makale için 31 Ocak 2024 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayımlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tesamakademi/issue/83069/1390309

Öz

Migrants hold a progressively larger share of older adults in many European countries, but transnational ageing experience has hardly been examined by scholars outside of health and economic dimensions. The present research addresses the question of how civic participation and sociodemographic factors including migration status effect social trust of older adults drawing on Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe data wave five. There are 30067 respondents age 50 and over in the sample from nine European countries. Our results support the theoretical perspective that the more civic participation types older adults were involved, the more social trust they had. The results of hierarchical regression also showed that being a first and second generation migrant effected social trust negatively, even after controlling for sociodemographic factors and health. This is surprising giving the fact that there were differences between migration generations in civic participation according to Poisson regression analysis: In reference to natives, while being a first generation migrant affected civic participation negatively, there were no significant effect of being a second generation migrant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transnational Ageing, Social Capital, Quantitative Method, Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe

Kaynakça

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