TÜRK CEZA HUKUKUNDA HAKSIZ REKABET SUÇU

Unfair competition acts are essentially acts that violate the competition rules that the competing undertakings, consumers and other participants must comply with. These acts, which are harmful to commercial competitors and are against the law and morality, are subject to a sanction by the legal systems. As a matter of fact, a significant part of these acts in Turkish Law are regulated in the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 and are subject to a legal and penal sanction. In addition, unfair competition acts are regulated in the Turkish Legislation with different legal regulations, especially the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098. In the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237, on the other hand, although a direct crime of unfair competition is not defined, it seems possible to apply general and complementary crime definitions such as slander and insult to the concrete case. In this case, it is important whether an act of unfair competition will be evaluated within the scope of which crime definition in the concrete case. This study focuses on determining whether the definition of unfair competition crime regulated in the Turkish Commercial Code complies with the legal technique and the basic principles of the Turkish Criminal Law and presenting solutions.

Haksız rekabet fiilleri, esas itibariyle rekabet içerisindeki teşebbüslerin, tüketicilerin ve diğer katılanların uyması gereken rekabet kurallarına aykırılık teşkil eden fiillerdir. Ticari rakiplere zarar verici, hukuk ve ahlaka aykırılık arz eden bu fiiller, hukuk sistemlerince bir yaptırıma bağlanmaktadır. Nitekim Türk Hukukunda bu fiillerin önemli bir kısmı, 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nda düzenlenmiş, hukuki ve cezai bir yaptırıma bağlanmıştır. Ayrıca 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu başta olmak üzere, farklı kanuni düzenlemelerle de haksız rekabet fiilleri Türk Hukuk Mevzuatında düzenlenmiştir. 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda ise, doğrudan bir haksız rekabet suçu tanımlanmamakla birlikte iftira, hakaret suç tanımları gibi genel ve tamamlayıcı suç tanımlarının somut olaya uygulanması mümkün gözükmektedir. Şu halde bir haksız rekabet fiilinin somut olayda hangi suç tanımı kapsamında değerlendirilip değerlendirilmeyeceği önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nda düzenlenen haksız rekabet suçu tanımının kanun tekniğine ve Türk Ceza Hukukunun temel prensiplerine uygunluk arz edip etmediğinin tespitini ve çözüm önerilerinin sunulmasını konu edinmektedir.

Unfair competition acts are essentially acts that violate the competition rules that the competing undertakings, consumers and other participants must comply with. These acts, which are harmful to commercial competitors and are against the law and morality, are subject to a sanction by the legal systems. As a matter of fact, a significant part of these acts in Turkish Law are regulated in the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 and are subject to a legal and penal sanction. In addition, unfair competition acts are regulated in the Turkish Legislation with different legal regulations, especially the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098. In the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237, on the other hand, although a direct crime of unfair competition is not defined, it seems possible to apply general and complementary crime definitions such as slander and insult to the concrete case. In this case, it is important whether an act of unfair competition will be evaluated within the scope of which crime definition in the concrete case. This study focuses on determining whether the definition of unfair competition crime regulated in the Turkish Commercial Code complies with the legal technique and the basic principles of the Turkish Criminal Law and presenting solutions.