Investigation of The Accuracy of Palpation of Physical Therapy Students to Different Anatomical Landmarks

Öz

Purpose: Surface anatomy plays a crucial role in physical therapy education as it enables the examination of subcutaneous structures through palpation. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of palpation on landmarks among physical therapy students (PT). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study evaluated the accuracy of palpation on anatomical landmarks. The researchers specified 21 landmarks for palpation assessment. Each landmark was scored on a scale of 0 to 3, and the Landmark Total Palpation Score (Lt) was calculated based on the scores of all 21 landmarks. A higher score indicated poorer accuracy in identifying anatomical landmarks. A total of 88 individuals included in this study. Intrarater reliability was examined with weighted kappa statistics. Results: The participants' Lt scores had a mean of 10.09 ± 9.66, with a standard deviation. The weighted kappa of each landmark ranged from 0.89 to 1.0. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a good level anatomical landmark identification among PT students

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Physical Therapy Education
• Surface Anatomy
• Landmark
• Palpation
• Physiotherapy

Kaynakça

1. Bergman, E.M., De Bruin, A.B., Herrler, A., et al. (2013). Students’ perceptions of anatomy across the undergraduate problem-based learning medical curriculum: a phenomenographical study. BMC Med Educ, 13(1):152. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-152
2. Fernández-Lao, C., Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Galiano-Castillo, N., et al. (2016). The effectiveness of a mobile application for the development of palpation and ultrasound imaging skills to supplement the traditional learning of physiotherapy students. BMC Med Educ, 16(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0775-1
3. Fleiss JL: Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, ed 2. New York, Wiley, 1981
4. Harlick, J.C., Milosavljevic S, Milburn, P.D. (2007). Palpation identification of spinous processes in the lumbar spine. Man Ther, 12(1):56-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2006.02.008
5. Kawchuk, G.N., Prasad, N., Parent, E., et al. (2011). Spinal landmark depth in relation to body mass index. Man Ther, 16(4):384-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2011.01.007
6. Kottner, J., Audigé, L., Brorson, S., et al. (2011). Guidelines for reporting reliability and agreement studies (GRRAS) were proposed. Int J Nurs Stud, 48(6): 661- 671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.01.016
7. Louw, G., Eizenberg, N., Carmichael, S.W. (2009). The place of anatomy in medical education: AMEE Guide no 41. Med Teach, 31(5):373-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590902825149
8. Lim, KHA., Loo, ZY., Goldie, SJ., et al. (2016). Use of 3D printed models in medical education: a randomized control trial comparing 3D prints versus cadaveric materials for learning external cardiac anatomy. Anat Sci Educ, 9(3):213-221. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1573

9. McDevitt, A. W., Cleland, J. A., Strickland, C., et al. (2020). Accuracy of long head of the biceps tendon palpation by physical therapists; an ultrasonographic study. J Phys Ther Sci, 32(11), 760-767. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.32.760
10. Mieritz, R.M., Kawchuk, G.N. (2016). The accuracy of locating lumbar vertebrae when using palpation versus ultrasonography. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 39(6):387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.05.001
11. Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 159-174.https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310
12. Rho, M.E., Chu S.K., Yang, A., et al. (2014). Resident accuracy of joint line palpation using ultrasound verification. PM&R, 6(10):920-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.02.006
13. Robinson, R., Robinson, H. S., Bjørke, G., & Kvale, A. (2009). Reliability and validity of a palpation technique for identifying the spinous processes of C7 and L5. Man Ther, 14(4), 409-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.06.002
14. Salvia, P., Jan, S. V. S., Crouan, A., et al. (2009). Precision of shoulder anatomical landmark calibration by two approaches: a CAST-like protocol and a new anatomical palpator method. Gait & Posture, 29(4), 587-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.12.013
15. Shin, S., Yoon, D. M., & Yoon, K. B. (2011). Identification of the correct cervical level by palpation of spinous processes. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 112(5), 1232-1235. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182110f9f
16. Smith, M., Higgs, J., Ellis, E. (2008). Factors influencing clinical decision making. Clinical reasoning in the health professions, E-book, 3:89-100
17. Sugand, K., Abrahams, P., Khurana, A. (2010). The anatomy of anatomy: a review for its modernization. Anat Sci Educ, 3(2):83-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.139
18. Tam, M., Hart, A., Williams S, et al. (2009). Is learning anatomy facilitated by computer-aided learning? A review of the literature. Med Teach, 31(9):e393-e396. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590802650092
19. Walrod, B.J., Schroeder, A., Conroy, M.J. (2018) Does ultrasound‐enhanced instruction of musculoskeletal anatomy improve physical examination skills of first‐year medical students?. J Ultrasound Med, 37(1):225-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.14322