Evidence-Based Interventions for Psychosocial Problems During Open Heart Surgery

Öz

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common leading causes of death worldwide. Surgical treatment has an important place among the treatment methods of heart diseases that are common in adults and elderly individuals. Open heart surgery is an intense process that includes care and follow-up, intensive care, discharge and home care. During this process, the individual may experience psychosocial problems such as anxiety, stress, depression, delirium, sleep disorders, inadequate social support and role confusion. These problems, which may be experienced by patients in the intensive care unit before and after surgery, can be prevented to a significant extent if individual-specific care is planned and implemented. Nurses should be aware of the problems that may occur before and after cardiovascular surgery. It is important for nurses to include evidence-based interventions for these problems in their care plans. The aim of this review is to review the evidence-based interventions applied to the psychosocial problems experienced by the individual during the open heart surgery process and to inform nurses about this subject.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cardiac surgery
• evidence-based ıntervention
• nursing

Açık Kalp Ameliyatı Sürecinde Yaşanan Psikososyal Sorunlara Yönelik Uygulanan Kanıt Temelli Müdahaleler

Öz

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar (KVH) dünya çapında en yaygın başlıca ölüm nedenlerindendir. Yetişkin ve ileri yaşlardaki bireylerde sık rastlanan kalp hastalıklarının tedavi yöntemleri arasında cerrahi tedavi önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Açık kalp ameliyatı süreci, bakım ve izlemi yoğun bakım süreci, taburculuk ve evde bakımı kapsayan yoğun bir süreçtir. Bu süreç içerisinde bireyde anksiyete, stres, depresyon, deliryum, uyku bozuklukları ve yetersiz sosyal destek, rol karmaşası gibi psikososyal sorunlar görülebilmektedir. Cerrahi girişim öncesi, sonrası yoğun bakım ünitesinde hastalarda yaşanabilecek bu sorunlara yönelik, bireye özgü bakımın planlanması ve uygulanması durumunda bu sorunlar önemli düzeyde önlenebilmektedir. Hemşirelerin kalp damar cerrahisi öncesi ve sonrasında oluşabilecek sorunlar hakkında farkındalığı olmalıdır. Bu sorunlara yönelik hemşirelerin kanıt temelli müdahaleleri bakım planlarına dahil etmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, açık kalp ameliyatı sürecinde bireyin yaşadığı psikososyal sorunlara yönelik uygulanan kanıt temelli müdahaleleri gözden geçirmek ve bu konu hakkında hemşireleri bilgilendirmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemşirelik
• kalp cerrahisi
• kanıt temelli müdahale

Kaynakça

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