TEKSTİL ÜRETİM İŞLETMELERİNDEN KAYNAKLANAN ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, eğirme, dokuma, örme, boyama ve baskı vb. tekstil üretim işletmelerinin neden olduğu çevre kirliliği sorununu ve soruna ilişkin çözüm önerilerini incelemektir. İşitme sorunlarına yol açan yüksek gürültülü eğirme ve dokuma tekstil üretim işletmeleri aynı zamanda, havaya yaydıkları tozlarla çalışanlarda solunum sorunlarına da yol açmaktadır. Boya işletmelerinde çalışan görevliler ise kansere bile yol açabilen ve cilt sorunlarına neden olan zararlı boyalar, kimyasallar ve yardımcı maddelerle temas etmektedir. Ağartma ve boyama işletmeleri, insanların ve hayvanların güvenlik ve sağlık sorunlarına neden olan zehirli gazları çevreye salmaktadır. Doğal lifler üretilirken, bitkileri böceklerden korumak için kullanılan zararlı kimyasallar ve böcek ilaçları da insanlarda ve hayvanlarda sağlık sorunlarına yol açmaktadır. Tekstil endüstrileri küresel ısınmaya neden olan karbon monoksit ve karbondioksit gazları da salmakta ve çevreyi büyük ölçüde kirletmektedirler. Boyama ve baskı endüstrilerinin zehirli kimyasalları, boyaları ve yağları arıtmadan boşaltmaları nehirleri, kanalları ve denizleri kirletmektedir. Bu endüstriler ayrıca zehirli ve katı çöpleri toprağa boşaltarak da çevreyi kirletmektedir. Tekstil endüstrileri kullanılmış kimyasalları ve atık sularını deşarj etmeden önce arıtmak için atık su arıtma tesisi kullanmalı, ayrıca hava kirliliğini azaltmak için de kimyasal bacalar kullanmalıdır. Bu makale, tekstil üretim işletmelerinin neden olduğu çevresel ve sağlık sorunlarını önleme konusundaki olası yöntemlerine değinerek açıklamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevre kirliliği
• küresel ısınma
• sağlık sorunları
• zehirli gazlar
• kimyasallar

ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION PROBLEMS CAUSED BY TEXTILE MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS

Öz

The aim of this study is to study the solutions of environment pollution problems caused by textile manufacturing operations like spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing and printing etc. Spinning and weaving sections with loud noise that cause hearing problems to the workers, in the same time, these sections are spreading dust to the air those are creating breathing problems to the workers. Employees working in the dyeing sections come into contact with harmful dyes, chemicals and auxiliary substances that those are creating serious skin problems, even cancer. Bleaching and dyeing sections release toxic gases into the environment that cause seriously safety and health issues for men and animals. While producing natural fibers, harmful chemicals and insecticides are used to the plants to protect them from different insects; these create health problems for men and animals. Textile industries also release carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases to air that cause global warming and drastically polluting the environment. Dyeing and printing industries are discharging the toxic chemicals, dyes and oils to water and polluting river, cannel and sea without purification. These industries are also dumping the toxic and solid garbage to soil. Textile industries should use wastewater treatment plants to purify used chemicals and wastewater before discharging them, and they should also use chemical chimney to reduce air pollution. This paper explains possible methods to prevent environmental and health problems caused by textile manufacturing industries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Environment pollution
• global warming
• health problems
• toxic gases
• chemicals

Kaynakça

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