INVESTIGATION OF STREETS AND PEDESTRIAN MALLS AS PUBLIC SPACES

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 23, 1 - 12, 01.06.2013

Barış Ergen

Öz

Public spaces are open to use for everyone. As urban public spaces, streets are essential elements that allow circulation of people between urban spaces. This study elaborates on the role of streets among urban open spaces, pedestrianization programs and the role of pedestrianization in physical and commercial downtown revitalization. The form and approach of this study is a review paper. The material section of the paper includes a review of articles and books about pedestrianization. The conclusion reached by the study is that pedestrian malls not only offer visually pleasing and aesthetically rich urban spaces, but also constitute important public spaces in cities that are created by public regulation. Moreover, pedestrian malls play an important role in downtown revitalization

Anahtar Kelimeler

Public spaces, streets, pedestrian mall, downtown revitalization, 3D visualization

INVESTIGATION OF STREETS AND PEDESTRIAN MALLS AS PUBLIC SPACES

Öz

Kamusal mekanlar herkesin kullanımına açık mekanlardır. Sokaklar kentsel mekan içinde kamusal mekan olarak insanların kentsel mekanlar arasında dolaşımını sağlayan önemli öğelerdir. Bu çalışmada sokakların kentsel açık mekanlar içinde aldığı rolü, yayalaştırma çalışmalarını, yayalaştırma çalışmalarının kent merkezlerini fiziksel ve ticari açıdan canlandırmasındaki rolü ele alınmıştır. Makalenin ele alınış biçimi ve yaklaşımı tarama makalesidir. Makalenin material bölümünü yayalaştırma ile ilgili makale, kitap taraması oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuç pedestrian malls’lar sadece görsel, estetik açıdan zengin kentsel mekanlar sunmamakta aynı zamanda Pedestrian mall’lar kamu eliyle yapılan bir düzenleme ile kentlerde önemli kamusal mekanların oluşmasını sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte pedestrian mall’lar kent merkezlerinin yeniden canlandırılmasını içeren bir öneme sahiptir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kamusal alanlar, sokaklar, şehrin yeniden canlandırılması, yaya alışveriş merkezi, 3 boyutlu görselleştirme

Kaynakça

• American Planning Association, (2006), Planning and Urban Design Standarts New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Bedimo-Rung, A., Mowen, A., Cohen, D., (2005), “The Significance of Parks to Physical Activity and Public Health”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28, 159–168.
• Chiesura, A., (2004), “The Role of Urban Parks for the Sustainable City” Landscape Urban Planning 68(1), 129–138.
• Clifton, K.J, Livi, Smith, A.D, and Rodriguez, D., (2007), “The Development and Testing of an Audit for the Pedestrian Environment”, Landscape and Urban Planning 80, 95-110.
• De Groot, R.S., (1992), Functions of Nature: Evaluation of Nature in Environmental Planning Management and Decision-Making, Amsterdam, Wolters-Noordhoff.
• Foltête, J.C., and Piombini, A., (2007), “Urban Layout, Landscape Features and Pedestrian Usage”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 81, 225-234.
• Grose, M.J., (2009), “Changing Relationships in Public Open Space and Private Open Space in Suburbs in South-Western Australia”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 92, 53-63.
• Huat, C.B., and Edwards, N., (1992), Public Space: Design Use and Management, Huat, C.B., and Edwards, N., (edts), Public Space: Design Use and Management, (1- 11), Singapore, Singapore University Press.
• Lammeren, R., Houtkamp, J., Colijn, S., Hilferink, M., and Bouwman, A., (2010), “Affective appraisal of 3D land use visualization”, Computers Environment and Urban Systems, 34, 465-475.
• Lang, J., (2005), Urban Design: A Typology of Procedures and Products, UK, Architectural Press in an imprint of Elsevier.
• Lorch, B.J., and Smith, M.J., (1993), “Pedestrian Movement and the Downtown Enclosed Shopping Center”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 59(1), 75-86.
• Lynch, K., (1960), The Image of City, US, MIT press.
• Magalhães, C., and Carmona, M., (2009), “Dimensions and Models of Contemporary Public Space Management in England”, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 52(1), 111-129.
• Maruani, T., and Cohen, I.A., (2007), “Open Space Planning Models: A Review of Approaches and Methods”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 81(1-2), 1-13.
• Moughtin, C., (2003), Urban Design Street and Square, UK, Architectural Press in an imprint of Elsevier.
• Naveh, Z., (1997), “The Value of Open Landscapes as Life Supporting Systems”, Israel Environ. Bull., 20(4), 21–24.
• ODPM (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister), (2004), Living places: Caring for Quality, London: RIBA Enterprises.
• Prinz, D., (1984), Städtebau: Städtebauliches Gestalten, Germany, Verlag W. Kohlhammer.
• Robertson, K.A., (1997), “Downtown Retail Revitalization: A Review of American Development Strategies”, Planning Perspectives, 12(4), 383-401.
• Rubenstein, H.M., (1992), Pedestrian Malls Streetscapes and Urban Spaces, USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Sheppard, S.R.J., (2001), “Guidance for Crystal Ball Gazers: Developing a Code of Ethics for Landscape Visualization”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 54(1-4), 183- 199.
• Southworth, M., (2005), “Reinventing Main Street: From Mall to Townscape Mall”, Journal of Urban Design, 10(2), 151-170.
• Teller, C., (2007), “Shopping streets versus shopping malls - determinants of agglomeration format attractiveness from the consumers' point of view”, The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 18(4), 381- 403.
• Timperio, A., Ball, K., Salmon, J., Roberts, R., Crawford, D., (2007), “Is Availability of Public Open Space Equitable Across Areas?”, Health & Place, 13, 335-340.
• Trancik, R., (1986), Finding Lost Space, USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Türel, H.S., Yiğit, E.M., and Altuğ, İ., (2007), “Evaluation of Elderly People’s Requirements in Public Open Spaces: A case study in Bornova District (Izmir, Turkey)”, Building and Environment, 42, 2035-2045.
• Ward, Thompson, C., (2002), Urban open space in the 21st century”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 60(2), 59–72.
• Weisbrod, G., and Pollakowski, H.O., (1984), “Effects of Downtown Improvement Projects on Retail Activity”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 50(2), 148-161.
• Yao, J., Tawfik, H., and Fernando, T., (2006), A VR-centred Workspace for Supporting Collaborative Urban Planning, Alexandrov, V.N., et al.,(Eds), The International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work 2006, (60-68), Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
• Yin, L., (2010), “Integrating 3D Visualization and GIS in Planning Education”, Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 34(3), 419-438.
• Zhang, X., Zhu, Q., and Wang, J., (2004), “3D City Models Based Spatial Analysis to Urban Design”, Annals of GIS 10(1), 82-86.