Bangladeş'te Katılım Sigortacılığının (Tekafül) Gelişimi: Yasal Engeller ve Zorluklar

Öz

Bu araştırma, İslamî sigorta modeli olan tekafül kavramını ve yasal çerçevesini inceleyerek Bangladeş sigorta pazarındaki rolünü ve potansiyelini ele almakta ve tekafülün geleneksel sigorta sistemlerine nazaran büyümesini etkileyen zorlukları, tekâfülün sunduğu fırsatları, İslami prensiplerle uyumu ve geleneksel sigortadan kaynaklanan sorunları göz önünde tutarak bir değerlendirme yapmayı hedeflemektedir. Geleneksel sigorta sisteminin İslam hukukuna uyum sağlama konusundaki sıkıntıları, İslami finans ilkelerine dayalı bir alternatif sigorta modeli olan tekafülün gelişimine fırsat tanımıştır. Bangladeş'i oluşturan Müslüman nüfus ve ülkenin İslami bankacılığa olan ilgisi, tekafül sektörünün büyümesine yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma, İslami finans alanındaki genel perspektife katkıda bulunurken etik ve Şeriat (İslam hukuku) uyumlu bir sigorta ihtiyacını ele alır. Temel amacı, Bangladeş sigorta pazarındaki tekafülün önemini değerlendirmek olan bu çalışma, İslami ilkelere uygunluğunu, pazar içindeki büyüme potansiyelini ve yasal çerçevesini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, zorlukları ve fırsatları belirleyerek, politika yapıcıları ve sigorta profesyonellerine, Bangladeş'te tekafülü etkili bir şekilde teşvik etme konusunda öneriler sunar. Çalışma, karma bir yöntem yaklaşımını benimser. Çalışmada öncelikli olarak, geleneksel sigorta, tekafül, İslami finans ve ilgili yasal çerçeveler hakkında kapsamlı bir literatür taraması yapılır. Akabinde, tekafülün pazar payı, büyüme eğilimi ve geleneksel sigorta ürünleriyle karşılaştırılması için nicel analiz yöntemleri kullanılır. Ancak çalışmada zaman zaman tekafülün büyümesini engelleyen hukuki ve ticari zorlukları belirlemek için nitel analiz yöntemi de kullanılmış; araştırma sonuçlarına dayanarak öneriler geliştirilmiş ve bu öneriler, 2010 Sigorta Kanunu çerçevesinde yapılacak politika değişiklikleri aracılığıyla tekafülün rolünü güçlendirmeyi ve İslam ticaret hukukuyla uyumunu ve ilgili zorlukları gidermeyi hedeflemektedir. Bangladeş sigorta pazarında tekafülün rolünü ve önemini inceleyen bu çalışma, İslami prensiplere ve etik değerlere saygılı bir şekilde sektörün büyümesine rehberlik ederek paydaşlara değerli bilgiler sunar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İslâm Hukuku
• İslami Finans
• Tekafül
• Sigorta
• Bangladeş

Development of Islamic Insurance (Takaful) in Bangladesh: Legal Barriers and Challenges

Öz

This study delves into the concept of Takaful, an Islamic insurance model, and its legal framework, focusing on its role and potential within the insurance market of Bangladesh. It examines the challenges and opportunities posed by Takaful, considering its alignment with Islamic principles and its growth compared to conventional insurance systems involving ribā (interest) and ghrār (uncertainty), which raises concerns about Islamic law. The traditional system of insurance's concerns over compatibility with Islamic law has paved the way for Takaful, an alternative insurance model rooted in Islamic finance principles. Given Bangladesh's Muslim-majority population and substantial market for Islamic banking, understanding and enhancing the Takaful industry's potential is crucial. This study addresses the need for an ethical and Sharia-compliant insurance solution while contributing to the broader discourse on Islamic finance. The primary objective of this study is to assess the significance of Takaful in the context of the Bangladeshi insurance market. It aims to evaluate Takaful's alignment with Islamic principles, its market growth, and its legal framework. By identifying challenges and opportunities, the study seeks to provide recommendations for policymakers and insurance practitioners to promote Takaful effectively in Bangladesh. This study employs a mixed-methods approach. The research assesses Takaful's market share, growth trajectory, and comparison with conventional insurance products. In addition, qualitative analysis is used to identify legal and commercial challenges hindering Takaful's growth. Recommendations are formulated based on the research findings, aiming to enhance Takaful's role through policy adjustments within the Insurance Act 2010 and addressing challenges related to Islamic commercial law. By scrutinizing the significance of Takaful in the specific context of Bangladesh's insurance market, this study provides valuable insights to stakeholders, guiding the growth and development of the Takaful industry while respecting Islamic principles and ethical considerations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Islamic Law
• Islamic Finance
• Takaful
• Insurance
• Bangladesh

Kaynakça

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