İslam Hukuku Açısından Ekonomik Boykot: Aksa Tufanı Sonrası Boykot Uygulamaları Özelinde

Öz

Ekonomik boykot, başkalarıyla ticari iş veya ortaklık şeklindeki etkileşimlerin kasıtlı ‎olarak durdurulması anlamına gelir.‎ Devlet otoritelerinin, kurumların ve bireylerin, bir tarafın saldırgan davranışlarda ‎bulunmasına yanıt olarak o tarafla ticari ilişkileri kesmek için kullandıkları bir ‎yöntemdir.‎ Araştırmanın amacı, ekonomik boykot kavramını İslam hukuku açısından, maslahat (kamu yararı) temelinde tanımlamak ve boykotun şer’î hükmünü incelemektir. Araştırma, Aksa Tufanı sonrasında bazı uluslararası şirketlere yönelik boykot çağrılarının artması üzerine ortaya çıkan ekonomik boykot ile sınırlıdır. Boykotun ekonomik etkisini değerlendirmek için uluslararası markalardan bir kısmı değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada, muâsır âlimlerin ekonomik boykotla ilgili görüşleri ve Aksa Tufanı sonrasında boykot listesine giren şirketlerin ticari faaliyetlerine ilişkin veriler örnekleme metodu ile incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu verilerin analitik yöntemle analiz edilmesi ve İslam hukukundaki kamu yararı kavramı ile ilişkilendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın en önemli sonuçları şu şekilde ifade edilebilir: Öncelikle ekonomik boykotun İslam hukukundaki hükmü, boykot uygulanan şirketin Müslümanlara verdiği zararın derecesine göre değişmektedir. Araştırma, şirketlerin verileri ile ilgili kendi web sitelerinde paylaşılan ekonomik istatistiklere dayanmaktadır. Söz konusu verilerde Aksa Tufanı sonrasında şirketlerin boykot nedeniyle önemli bir ekonomik kayba uğramadığı iddia edilmektedir. Ancak bu verilerin sağlamasının yapılacağı bir kontrol mekanizması tespit edilememiştir. Bu veriler çerçevesinde, boykot edilen çok uluslu şirketlerin hedeflenen ölçüde ciddi bir maddi kayba uğramadıkları söylenebilir. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre Müslümanlara potansiyel veya bilfiil zarar veren bu tür şirketlerin boykot edilmesi çağrılarına daha fazla hassasiyet gösterilmesi gerektiği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Zira mevcut boykot uygulamalarının, makalede ulaşılan İslam Hukuk sistemindeki boykot ile ilgili hükümlerle geçekleştirilmesi hedeflenen maksatları elde etmede yetersiz kaldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca tüketici ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak adına yeterli oranda alternatif ürün de bulunmaktadır. Bu da boykotun gerçeklikten uzak bahanelerle ihmal edilemeyecek önemde olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İslam Hukuku
• Makâsıdu
• Ekonomik Boykot
• Boykotun Hükmü
• Tûfânu

Economic Boycott from the Islamic Law Perspective: A Post-Tūfān al-ʾAqṣā Case Study

Öz

An economic boycott is a process that states, agencies, and ‎individuals use to cut off trade relations with another party, aiming to apply economic pressure. This research aims to define the concept of economic boycott from an Islamic perspective and its rulings. The study concentrates on the economic boycott that followed the Tūfān al-ʾAqṣā in Gaza and the subsequent increase in calls for the boycott of international corporations. A selection of prominent brands was examined to assess the financial impact of the boycott on the selected companies and to evaluate whether the objectives of Sharī‘ah were met while practicing boycotts. The inductive approach was employed to trace the opinions of jurists regarding the economic boycott as well as the commercial activities of the companies involved following the Tūfān al-ʾAqṣā. Additionally, the analytical approach was utilized to analyze this data and connect it to the concept of public interest within Islamic law. This research was based on economic statistics shared on the boycotted companies' websites. The data in question claims that the companies did not face a significant financial loss due to the boycott after the Tūfān al-ʾAqṣā. However, a control mechanism to verify this data could not be determined. While it can be said that the companies did not face a serious financial loss, more ‎sensitivity should be shown to calls for the boycott of such companies that potentially harm Muslims or support enemies ‎who commit genocide in places like Gaza. Since current boycott practices are insufficient to achieve the purposes aimed to be realized with the provisions regarding boycott in the Islamic Law system reached in the research. In addition, there are sufficient alternative products to meet consumer needs. This shows that ‎boycott calls cannot be neglected with unrealistic excuses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Islamic Jurisprudence
• Sharī‘ah Perspective
• Economic Boycott
• Boycott
• Tūfān Al-ʾAqṣā.

Kaynakça

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