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The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths

Cilt: 12 Sayı: Özel Sayı 30 Kasım 2025
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The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths

Öz

This article examines the relationship between hadith and fiqh in nineteenth-century India through the work al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah by one of the leading Hanafī scholars of the period ʿAbd al-Ḥayy al-Laknawī. By analyzing al-Laknawī’s responses to the questions posed by Husayn Lāhôrī, a member of the Ahl al-Hadīth, the study aims to contextualize the internal debates and methodological approaches of the science of hadith within the unique scholarly environment of the Indian subcontinent. Despite the intellectual backdrop shaped by various challenges faced by Indian scholars -such as colonialism, the academic activities of orientalists, the intensive work of missionaries in the region, and the famous uprising of 1857 -the original approaches developed by scholars demonstrate how the hadith-fiqh relationship, and more specifically the Ahl al-Hadīth-Ahl al-Ra’y connection, is positioned. In this context, al-Laknawī emphasized his partial departure from the traditional Hanafī preferences by avoiding taqlīd in some fiqh issues such as his approach to narrations, evaluation of isnad and rāwī, the authority of primary hadith sources, and the methodology to be followed when confronted with contradictory narrations. In conclusion, al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah can be seen as polemical texts, as well as a reflection of the new Hanafī understanding of hadith that took shape in India in the nineteenth century. The style used in the work, the topics discussed, the way they are presented, and the sources utilized take the reader to the scholarly gatherings of the period, revealing the vitality and intellectual depth of the discussions. At the same time, the article reveals that Laknawī’s method is not merely a reflection of the Hanafī line represented by renowned scholars of the region such as ‘Abd al-Haqq Dihlawī and Shāh Walī Allāh. Accordingly, although al-Laknawī ostensibly draws on the scholarly heritage represented by ‘Abd al-Haqq Dihlawī and Shāh Walī Allāh, he actually benefited from the atmosphere of scholarly debate and accumulation of his time and brought the traditional accumulation of the past to a new level. In terms of the balance he sought to establish between hadith and fiqh, by reinterpreting the approach begun by ‘Abd al-Haqq al-Dihlawī and systematized by Shāh Walī Allāh, he represented one of the original lines of Hanafīsm in the Indian subcontinent; in other words, the third main strand of this tradition. In conclusion, the study contributes to the repositioning of the hadith-fiqh relationship in the Indian subcontinent through the example of Laknawī and emphasizes the unique place of the region in the field of Islamic sciences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Teşekkür

I would like to express my gratitude to my esteemed professors Eyüp Öztürk, Mustafa Gargar and Muhammet Ali Tuzlu who checked the English translation of the text and made suggestions.

Kaynakça

  1. Abd al-Ḥaqq al-Dihlawī, Abū al-Majd ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq b. Sayf al-Dīn b. Saʿdullāh. Lamaʿāt al-Tanqīḥ fī Sharḥ Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ. Ed. Taqī al-Dīn al-Nadwī. 10 Volumes. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2020.
  2. Acaroğlu, Yunus Emre - Açıkel, Yusuf. “Leknevî’nin İhtilâfu’l-Hadis İlmine Yaklaşımı”. Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi 9/1 (June2021), 77-104. https://doi.org/10.51450/ilmiyat.909635.
  3. Akpınar, Muhammet Raşit. Muhammed Enver Şah el-Keşmîrî ve Fıkıh Düşüncesi. Gaziantep: Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora, 2017.
  4. Ateş, Sırrı Fuat. Abdülhay Leknevî Hayatı, Eserleri ve Fıkhî Görüşleri. İstanbul: Kitaparası Yayınları, 2024.
  5. Aydın, Ahmet. “Abdülhay el-Leknevî”. Accessed 28 March 2025. https://islamdusunceatlasi.org/abdulhay-el-leknevi-/4819
  6. Aydın, Ahmet. Yavana İslam Medeniyetinin Büyük Havzası: Hint. İstanbul: Ketebe Yayınları, 2021.
  7. Başaran, Selman. “el-Ecvibetü’l-Fâzıla”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 10/386. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1994.
  8. Birışık, Abdulhamit. Hind Altkıtası Düşünce ve Tefsir Ekolleri. İstanbul: İFAV, 2019.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Hadis

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Kasım 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

1 Ağustos 2025

Kabul Tarihi

22 Ekim 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

APA
Demirci, S. (2025). The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi, 12(Özel Sayı), 7-30. https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1756336
AMA
1.Demirci S. The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths. TİD. 2025;12(Özel Sayı):7-30. doi:10.33718/tid.1756336
Chicago
Demirci, Selim. 2025. “The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths”. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi 12 (Özel Sayı): 7-30. https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1756336.
EndNote
Demirci S (01 Kasım 2025) The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi 12 Özel Sayı 7–30.
IEEE
[1]S. Demirci, “The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths”, TİD, c. 12, sy Özel Sayı, ss. 7–30, Kas. 2025, doi: 10.33718/tid.1756336.
ISNAD
Demirci, Selim. “The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths”. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi 12/Özel Sayı (01 Kasım 2025): 7-30. https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1756336.
JAMA
1.Demirci S. The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths. TİD. 2025;12:7–30.
MLA
Demirci, Selim. “The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths”. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi, c. 12, sy Özel Sayı, Kasım 2025, ss. 7-30, doi:10.33718/tid.1756336.
Vancouver
1.Selim Demirci. The Scholarly Gatherings of Nineteenth Century India: al-Ajwibah al-fāḍilah and Reconsidering the Position of Hadiths. TİD. 01 Kasım 2025;12(Özel Sayı):7-30. doi:10.33718/tid.1756336

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