TALİBAN REJİMİ ALTINDA AFGANİSTAN'DA ETNOKRASİ RİSKİ

Öz

Taliban'ın 2021 yılı Ağustos ayından itibaren ikinci kez Afganistan'da yönetimi ele geçirmesi Uluslararası toplum nezdinde endişeyle karşılanmıştır. İlk iktidar döneminde dünyayı şoke eden Taliban'ın yeni dönemde daha ılımlı mesajlar vermesi yönetim anlayışında önemli bir değişikliğe işaret etmemektedir. Zira Taliban uyguladığı politikalarla ilk döneminden çok da farklı bir anlayışa sahip olmadığını göstermiştir. Uluslararası kamuoyunun endişeleri gerçeğe dönüşmüş ve Taliban rejimi ciddi insan hakları ihlalleri yapmakla suçlanmıştır. Özellikle kadınların sosyal hayattan izole edilmesi uluslararası toplumun tepkisini çekmiş ve Taliban rejiminin Afganistan'ın meşru yönetimi olarak uluslararası kabul görmesinin önünde ciddi bir engel oluşturmuştur. Taliban'ın Peştun ağırlıklı yapısı ve yönetim kadrolarında Peştun kökenliler diğer azınlık gruplarına nazaran çok daha fazla yer verilmesi ülke yönetiminin bir tür etnokrasiye dönüşmesi ihtimalini gündeme getirmiştir. Toplumsal barışa zarar verebilecek böylesi bir yaklaşımın Afganistan açısından ciddi bir risk potansiyelini barındırdığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Afganistan'ın Peştun olmayan etnik grupların siyasetten dışlandığı ve temsil haklarını kaybettiği bir etnokratik yapının doğurabileceği olası risklere dikkat çekilmektedir. Halihazırda Taliban rejiminin ekonomik ve sosyal ayrımcılık yaptığına ilişkin iddialar ve kültürel baskı politikaları uyguladığına dair işaretlerin azınlık hakları özelinde Afganistan'da ciddi ihlallere yol açtığı düşünülmektedir. Kapsayıcı ve adil bir yönetim vaadinde bulunan Taliban rejiminin etnokrasiye doğru ilerleyerek ne kapsayıcı ne de adil bir yönetim sergileyebildiği iddia edilmektedir. Dahası böyle bir politik tercihin Afganistan açısından varoluşsal sorunlara yol açma riski bulunduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afganistan
• Etnokrasi
• Azınlık Hakları
• Taliban
• Kadın Hakları

THE RISK OF ETHNOCRACY IN AFGHANISTAN UNDER THE TALIBAN REGIME

Öz

The Taliban's second takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021 has been met with concern by the international community. The Taliban, which shocked the world during its first term in power, has given more moderate messages in its new term, which does not indicate a significant change in its management approach. Because the Taliban has shown that it does not have a very different understanding from its first term with the policies it has implemented. The concerns of the international community have become reality, and the Taliban regime has been accused of serious human rights violations. The isolation of women in particular from social life has drawn the reaction of the international community and has constituted a serious obstacle to the Taliban regime being internationally accepted as the legitimate government of Afghanistan. The predominantly Pashtun structure of the Taliban and the fact that Pashtuns are given much more places in its management cadres than other minority groups have brought to the agenda the possibility of the country's administration turning into a kind of ethnocracy. It is thought that such an approach, which can harm social peace, poses a serious risk potential for Afghanistan. This study draws attention to the possible risks that may arise from an ethnocratic structure in Afghanistan where non-Pashtun ethnic groups are excluded from politics and lose their right to representation. It is thought that the allegations that the Taliban regime is currently engaged in economic and social discrimination and that it is implementing cultural oppression policies have led to serious violations of minority rights in Afghanistan. It is claimed that the Taliban regime, which promised an inclusive and fair administration, is moving towards ethnocracy and is unable to exhibit an inclusive or fair administration. Furthermore, it is assessed that such a political choice poses a risk of causing existential problems for Afghanistan.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afganistan
• Ethnocracy
• Minority Rights
• Taliban
• Women Rights

Kaynakça

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