Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2018, Sayı: 1, 97 - 118, 25.12.2018

Öz

Special investigative measures (or special
investigative techniques or covert investigative measures)
are special and specialized
methods based on the use of certain techniques, and special resources, actions
and measures in practice, which have a significant operational dimension. These
are special actions aimed at obtaining evidence distinguished from standard or
usual actions of obtaining evidence or standard manner of collecting evidence.
Special investigative actions constitute the investigation activities (
ultima ratio) scrutinizing serious criminal
offences in cases when evidence cannot be obtained in any other way or their
collection would entail the unproportional difficulties.



Special
investigative actions are a novelty in this region introduced in criminal
procedure legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2003 through provisions
which are more or less in force in the same wording as they were firstly
defined. Special investigative actions are:



a)      
surveillance and technical
recording of telecommunications;



b)     
access to the computer systems
and computerized data processing;



c)      
surveillance and technical
recording of premises;



d)     
covert tracking and technical
recording of individuals and objects;



e)      
use of undercover investigators
and informants;



f)      
simulated purchase of certain
objects and simulated bribery;



g)     
supervised transport and
delivery of objects.



The
debate among experts on special investigative actions, their effects and their
implementation, possible breach of basic human rights and freedoms is as old as
the special investigative actions themselves. According to those who speak in
favor of their use, they have met the expectations of their creators, and the
wider public alike, when it comes to the results achieved in finding and
collecting evidence of the most serious crimes. On the other hand, not
sufficiently researched is their use from the point of view of the
highest-ranked national and international legal instruments in terms of the
protection of the right to respect the private and family life, especially in
practice, during the implementation of these actions.  One can raise a question whether these
actions, in their current form, are able to withstand control and criticism of
the contemporaries?

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bugarski, T. (2014). Dokazne radnje u krivičnom postupku / Evidence collecting actions in criminal proceeding, Second amended edition, Publishing Center of the Faculty of Law, Novi Sad.
  • 2. Council of Europe (2018). Guide on Article 8 of the Convention – Right to respect for private and family life, European Court of Human Rights.
  • 3. Gluščić, S. (2012). “Posebne dokazne radnje / Special evidentiary actions” Policija i sigurnost / Police and security, year 21, 3, p. 555-573.
  • 4. Gomien, D. (2005). Kratak vodič kroz Evropsku konvenciju o ljudskim pravima / Short Guide through the European Convention, 3rd edition, the Council of Europe, Sarajevo.
  • 5. Dubbeld, L. (2004). “Protecting the Personal Data in Camera Surveillance Practices”, Surveillance and Society, vol. 2, No. 4, p. 558.
  • 6. Đurđić, V. (2014). Krivično procesno pravo, Opšti deo / Criminal Procedure Law, General Part, Faculty of Law, the Publication Center, Niš.
  • 7. Karović, S. (2012). “Posebne istražne radnje u krivičnom procesnom zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine / Special investigative actions in the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Časopis Civitas / Civitas Magazine, no. 4/2012.
  • 8. Kržalić, A. (2016). Posebne istražne radnje: Normativna uređenost i osvrt na praktičnu primjenu / Special investigative actions: Normative regulation and a comment of practical implementation, Security Studies Center, Sarajevo.
  • 9. Milosavljević, B., Popović, D. (2009). Ustavno pravo, Treće izmenjeno i dopunjeno izdanje / Constitutional Law, Third amended edition, The Faculty of Law at Union University and the Public Company Official Gazette, Beograd.
  • 10. Mitrović, Lj. (2008). Policijsko pravo – pravo unutrašnjih poslova / Police law - internal affairs law, Defendologija Security, Sociology and Criminology Research Center, Banja Luka.
  • 11. Mitrović, Lj., Gajić, G. (2017). Posebne istražne radnje i pravo na privatnost / Special investigative actions and the right to privacy published in Compilation of proceedings of the International scientific conference titled: Freedom, security: the right to privacy, Provincial Protector of Citizens – Ombudsman and the Institute of Criminology and Sociology Research, Novi Sad-Beograd.
  • 12. Mitrović, Lj., Pavlović, G. (2016). Sudski nadzor i kontrola nad primjenom posebnih mjera koje u svom radu koriste organi bezbjednosti / Judicial oversight and control over the implementation of the special measured used by the security agencies, In: Compilation of proceedings of the International conference titled: “Supression of organized crime as a prerequisitte of the rule of law”, Comparative Law Institute in Belgrade, Vršac.
  • 13. Ninčić, Ž. (2014). “Nadzor komunikacija kao mera procesne prinude / Communication surveillance as a process coercion measure”, Bezbjednost - Policija - Građani/ Security - Police - Citizens, year X, no. 1-2/2014.
  • 14. Pavlović, G. (2015). Bezbjednosna funkcija države i zaštita ljudskih prava, Doktorska disertacija / Security function of the state and human rights protection, Doctoral thesis, the Faculty of Law, Union University, Belgrade.
  • 15. Pajević, M. (2013). Savremene obavještajne teorije / Contemporary intelligence theories, High School “Logos centar”, Mostar.
  • 16. Radisavljević, M., Ćetković, P., (2014). “Posebne dokazne radnje u tužilačkoj istrazi u Srbiji / Special investigative actions in prosecutorial investigation in Serbia”, in: Jovanović, I., Petrović-Jovanović, A., (ur.), Prosecutorial investigation - regional regional criminal procedure legislation and experiences in application, OSCE Mission to Serbia, Belgrade.
  • 17. Sijerčić-Čolić, H. (2009). “Prikrivene istražne radnje u borbi protiv organiziranog kriminaliteta – primjer Bosne i Hercegovine / Covert investigation actions in combating the organized crime - case of Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Compilation of papers of the Faculty of law in Split, year 46, no 4.
  • 18. Stojanović, Z. (2011). “Krivično pravo u doba krize / Criminal law in the time of crisis”, Branič, no 1-2, pp. 28-37.
  • 19. Simić, R., Bošković, M. (1995). Fizičko-tehnička zaštita objekata / Physical and Technical protection of objects, Bodex, Beograd.
  • 20. Savov, I. (2016). “The collision of national Security and Privacy in the age of information technologies”, European Police Science and Research Bulletin, Issue 15, Winter 2016/17, pp. 13-20.
  • 21. Criminal Procedure Code of the Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of the Bosnia and Herzegovina no. 3/2003, 32/2003, 36/2003, 26/2004, 63/2004, 13/2005, 46/2005, 48/2005, 76/2006, 29/2007, 32/2007, 53/2007, 76/2007, 15/2008, 58/2008, 12/2009, 16/2009, 93/2009 and 72/2013.
  • 22. Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Srpska, Official Gazette of the Republic of Srpska, br. 53/2012, 91/2017 and 66/2018.
  • 23. Criminal Procedure Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, no. 35/2003, 37/2003, 56/2003, 78/2004, 28/2005, 55/2006, 27/2007, 53/2007, 9/2009, 12/2010, 8/2013 and 59/2014.
  • 24. Criminal Procedure Code of the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, no. 33/2013 - consolidated and 27/2014.
  • 25. Criminal Code of the Republic of Srpska, Official Gazette of the Republic of Srpska no. 64/2017.
  • 26. Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers to member States on “special investigation techniques” in relation to serious crimes including acts of terrorism, CM/Rec(2017)6, Committee of Ministers, 5 July 2017.
  • 27. Recommendation Rec(2001)10 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the European Code of Police Ethics with Appendix to Recommendation Rec(2001)10 on the European Code of Police Ethics and Explanatory Memorandum, Committee of Ministers, 19 September 2001.
  • 28. ECHR Lüdi v. Switzerland, Application 12433/86 and Judgment of 15 June 1992
  • 29. ECHR Huvig v. France, Application 11105/84 and Judgment of 24 April 1990
  • 30. ECHR Kruslin v. France, Application 11801/85, and Judgment of 24 April 1990
  • 31. ECHR Dudgeon v.United Kingdom, Application 7275/ and Judgment of 1981
  • 32. ECHR Lindon and others v. France, Application 21279/02 and 36448/02 and Judgment of 2007
  • 33. ECHR Byukov v. Russia (GC), Application 4378/02 and Judgment of 10 March 2009
  • 34. ECHR Malone v. United Kingdom, Application 8691/79 and Judgment of 2 August 1984

RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND SPECIAL INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 1, 97 - 118, 25.12.2018

Öz

Special investigative measures (or special
investigative techniques or covert investigative measures)
are special and specialized
methods based on the use of certain techniques, and special resources, actions
and measures in practice, which have a significant operational dimension. These
are special actions aimed at obtaining evidence distinguished from standard or
usual actions of obtaining evidence or standard manner of collecting evidence.
Special investigative actions constitute the investigation activities (
ultima ratio) scrutinizing serious criminal
offences in cases when evidence cannot be obtained in any other way or their
collection would entail the unproportional difficulties.

Special
investigative actions are a novelty in this region introduced in criminal
procedure legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2003 through provisions
which are more or less in force in the same wording as they were firstly
defined. Special investigative actions are:

a)      
surveillance and technical
recording of telecommunications;

b)     
access to the computer systems
and computerized data processing;

c)      
surveillance and technical
recording of premises;

d)     
covert tracking and technical
recording of individuals and objects;

e)      
use of undercover investigators
and informants;

f)      
simulated purchase of certain
objects and simulated bribery;

g)     
supervised transport and
delivery of objects.



















The
debate among experts on special investigative actions, their effects and their
implementation, possible breach of basic human rights and freedoms is as old as
the special investigative actions themselves. According to those who speak in
favor of their use, they have met the expectations of their creators, and the
wider public alike, when it comes to the results achieved in finding and
collecting evidence of the most serious crimes. On the other hand, not
sufficiently researched is their use from the point of view of the
highest-ranked national and international legal instruments in terms of the
protection of the right to respect the private and family life, especially in
practice, during the implementation of these actions.  One can raise a question whether these
actions, in their current form, are able to withstand control and criticism of
the contemporaries?

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bugarski, T. (2014). Dokazne radnje u krivičnom postupku / Evidence collecting actions in criminal proceeding, Second amended edition, Publishing Center of the Faculty of Law, Novi Sad.
  • 2. Council of Europe (2018). Guide on Article 8 of the Convention – Right to respect for private and family life, European Court of Human Rights.
  • 3. Gluščić, S. (2012). “Posebne dokazne radnje / Special evidentiary actions” Policija i sigurnost / Police and security, year 21, 3, p. 555-573.
  • 4. Gomien, D. (2005). Kratak vodič kroz Evropsku konvenciju o ljudskim pravima / Short Guide through the European Convention, 3rd edition, the Council of Europe, Sarajevo.
  • 5. Dubbeld, L. (2004). “Protecting the Personal Data in Camera Surveillance Practices”, Surveillance and Society, vol. 2, No. 4, p. 558.
  • 6. Đurđić, V. (2014). Krivično procesno pravo, Opšti deo / Criminal Procedure Law, General Part, Faculty of Law, the Publication Center, Niš.
  • 7. Karović, S. (2012). “Posebne istražne radnje u krivičnom procesnom zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine / Special investigative actions in the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Časopis Civitas / Civitas Magazine, no. 4/2012.
  • 8. Kržalić, A. (2016). Posebne istražne radnje: Normativna uređenost i osvrt na praktičnu primjenu / Special investigative actions: Normative regulation and a comment of practical implementation, Security Studies Center, Sarajevo.
  • 9. Milosavljević, B., Popović, D. (2009). Ustavno pravo, Treće izmenjeno i dopunjeno izdanje / Constitutional Law, Third amended edition, The Faculty of Law at Union University and the Public Company Official Gazette, Beograd.
  • 10. Mitrović, Lj. (2008). Policijsko pravo – pravo unutrašnjih poslova / Police law - internal affairs law, Defendologija Security, Sociology and Criminology Research Center, Banja Luka.
  • 11. Mitrović, Lj., Gajić, G. (2017). Posebne istražne radnje i pravo na privatnost / Special investigative actions and the right to privacy published in Compilation of proceedings of the International scientific conference titled: Freedom, security: the right to privacy, Provincial Protector of Citizens – Ombudsman and the Institute of Criminology and Sociology Research, Novi Sad-Beograd.
  • 12. Mitrović, Lj., Pavlović, G. (2016). Sudski nadzor i kontrola nad primjenom posebnih mjera koje u svom radu koriste organi bezbjednosti / Judicial oversight and control over the implementation of the special measured used by the security agencies, In: Compilation of proceedings of the International conference titled: “Supression of organized crime as a prerequisitte of the rule of law”, Comparative Law Institute in Belgrade, Vršac.
  • 13. Ninčić, Ž. (2014). “Nadzor komunikacija kao mera procesne prinude / Communication surveillance as a process coercion measure”, Bezbjednost - Policija - Građani/ Security - Police - Citizens, year X, no. 1-2/2014.
  • 14. Pavlović, G. (2015). Bezbjednosna funkcija države i zaštita ljudskih prava, Doktorska disertacija / Security function of the state and human rights protection, Doctoral thesis, the Faculty of Law, Union University, Belgrade.
  • 15. Pajević, M. (2013). Savremene obavještajne teorije / Contemporary intelligence theories, High School “Logos centar”, Mostar.
  • 16. Radisavljević, M., Ćetković, P., (2014). “Posebne dokazne radnje u tužilačkoj istrazi u Srbiji / Special investigative actions in prosecutorial investigation in Serbia”, in: Jovanović, I., Petrović-Jovanović, A., (ur.), Prosecutorial investigation - regional regional criminal procedure legislation and experiences in application, OSCE Mission to Serbia, Belgrade.
  • 17. Sijerčić-Čolić, H. (2009). “Prikrivene istražne radnje u borbi protiv organiziranog kriminaliteta – primjer Bosne i Hercegovine / Covert investigation actions in combating the organized crime - case of Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Compilation of papers of the Faculty of law in Split, year 46, no 4.
  • 18. Stojanović, Z. (2011). “Krivično pravo u doba krize / Criminal law in the time of crisis”, Branič, no 1-2, pp. 28-37.
  • 19. Simić, R., Bošković, M. (1995). Fizičko-tehnička zaštita objekata / Physical and Technical protection of objects, Bodex, Beograd.
  • 20. Savov, I. (2016). “The collision of national Security and Privacy in the age of information technologies”, European Police Science and Research Bulletin, Issue 15, Winter 2016/17, pp. 13-20.
  • 21. Criminal Procedure Code of the Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of the Bosnia and Herzegovina no. 3/2003, 32/2003, 36/2003, 26/2004, 63/2004, 13/2005, 46/2005, 48/2005, 76/2006, 29/2007, 32/2007, 53/2007, 76/2007, 15/2008, 58/2008, 12/2009, 16/2009, 93/2009 and 72/2013.
  • 22. Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Srpska, Official Gazette of the Republic of Srpska, br. 53/2012, 91/2017 and 66/2018.
  • 23. Criminal Procedure Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, no. 35/2003, 37/2003, 56/2003, 78/2004, 28/2005, 55/2006, 27/2007, 53/2007, 9/2009, 12/2010, 8/2013 and 59/2014.
  • 24. Criminal Procedure Code of the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, no. 33/2013 - consolidated and 27/2014.
  • 25. Criminal Code of the Republic of Srpska, Official Gazette of the Republic of Srpska no. 64/2017.
  • 26. Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers to member States on “special investigation techniques” in relation to serious crimes including acts of terrorism, CM/Rec(2017)6, Committee of Ministers, 5 July 2017.
  • 27. Recommendation Rec(2001)10 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the European Code of Police Ethics with Appendix to Recommendation Rec(2001)10 on the European Code of Police Ethics and Explanatory Memorandum, Committee of Ministers, 19 September 2001.
  • 28. ECHR Lüdi v. Switzerland, Application 12433/86 and Judgment of 15 June 1992
  • 29. ECHR Huvig v. France, Application 11105/84 and Judgment of 24 April 1990
  • 30. ECHR Kruslin v. France, Application 11801/85, and Judgment of 24 April 1990
  • 31. ECHR Dudgeon v.United Kingdom, Application 7275/ and Judgment of 1981
  • 32. ECHR Lindon and others v. France, Application 21279/02 and 36448/02 and Judgment of 2007
  • 33. ECHR Byukov v. Russia (GC), Application 4378/02 and Judgment of 10 March 2009
  • 34. ECHR Malone v. United Kingdom, Application 8691/79 and Judgment of 2 August 1984
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hukuk
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ljubinko Mitrović Bu kişi benim

Gojko Pavlovic Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Mitrović, L., & Pavlovic, G. (2018). RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND SPECIAL INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS. Türkiye İnsan Hakları Ve Eşitlik Kurumu Akademik Dergisi(1), 97-118.