Araştırma Makalesi
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PSİKOSOSYAL BİR PROBLEM: ÖNYARGIDAN ŞİDDETE DÖNÜŞEN YAŞLI KRİZİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 10, 115 - 142, 28.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.59162/tihek.1216254

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı; yaşlılara yönelik şiddetin önyargı, sosyal damgalama ve istismar ile bağlantısına değinmek ve şiddete maruz kalacak yaşlıların E. Erikson perspektifinden hangi psikososyal gelişim evresindeki krizi aşamadıklarını açıklamaktır. Araştırmanın amacı kapsamında ilgili konular 2000 yılı sonrası farklı kaynaklardan sistematik olarak incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; araştırmalar çoğunlukla yaşlı nüfusun artışının sebep olacağı demografik dönüşüm kuramına, istismara ve aktif iş gücüne vurgu yapmaktadır. Buna karşın Türkiye’de yaşlılara yönelik şiddet oranlarına ilişkin çalışmaların yetersiz düzeyde olduğu fark edilmiş, yaşlıya yönelik önyargıların ve yaşlıların psikososyal gelişimlerinin şiddet mağduru olmalarındaki rolüne değinilmemiştir. Yaşlı grupların toplum için bir tehdit unsuru oluşturduğu ve ayrımcılığa, başta ekonomik ve psikolojik istismar olmak üzere ihmale ve hatta şiddete maruz kaldığı görülmektedir. Yaşlılara karşı olumsuz tutum sergilenmesine sebep olan üretmeme hali Erikson’ın 7. evresindeki üretkenliğe karşın durgunluk kriziyle; topluma karşı öfke besleyen yaşlıların tutumlarının ise 8. evredeki umutsuzluğa karşın bütünlük kriziyle ilgili olduğu değerlendirilmesinde bulunulmuştur. Yapılan çalışmada Erikson’ın psikososyal gelişim kuramının farklı yaşlılık kuramlarına esin kaynağı olduğu, yaşlı hakları ve gelişimi için gerekli yetkinliği sağladığı görülmektedir. Araştırma, insan haklarını tehdit eden yaşçılık olgusu ve gelişim psikolojisi arasında bağ kurarak literatüre katkı sağlayacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • A. Hogg, M., M. Vaughan, G. (1995). Prejudice And Discrimination, Social Psychology (s. 356-397) Ankara: Ütopya Publishing House.
  • APHSA. (1998). The National Elder Abuse Incidence Study Final Report. On 04.07.2022 retrieved from Administration For Community Living: https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/programs/2016-09/ABuseReport_Full.pdf.
  • Artan, T. (2013). Family Abuse Against The Elders Living In Nursing Homes, Society And Social Work, 24(2), 109-122. Artan, T. (2016). Financial Abuse As A Type Of Elderly Abuse Among Elderly People Residing In Senior Centers, Journal of Health Sciences And Professions, 3(1), 48-56.
  • Baltes, P. B. (1997). On The Incomplete Architecture Of Human Ontogeny: Selection, Optimization, And Compensation As Foundation Of Developmental Theory, American Psychologist, 52(4), 366–380.
  • Baş, M. (2012). An Overview Of Old Labour Force In Türkiye, Journal Of Social Insurance, 0(2), 28-46.
  • Bilir, N. (2018). Definition of Aging, Concept of Old Age, Epidemiological Characteristics, On 04.07.2022 retrieved from Tüsad: https://www.solunum.org.tr/TusadData/Book/677/17102018112853-001.pdf.
  • Blain, B. E., Brenchley, K. J. M. (2017). Understanding Age Stereotypes And Ageism, Understanding The Psychology Of Diversity (s. 175-187) Kaliforniya: Sage Publishing.
  • Brown, S. L., Nesse, R. M., Vinokur, A. D., Smith, D. M. (2003). Providing Social Support May Be More Beneficial Than Receiving It: Results From A Prospective Study Of Mortality, Psychological Science, 14, 320-327.
  • Bugajska, B. (2017). The Ninth Stage In The Cycle Of Life-Reflections On E. H. Erikson's Theory, Ageing And Society, 37(6), 1095-1110. Doi:10.1017/S0144686X16000301
  • Buz, S. (2015). Age Discrimination Against Elderly Persons, Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 14, 268-278.
  • Carstensen, L. L. (2006). The Influence Of A Sense Of Time On Human Development, Science, 312, 1913-1915.
  • Ceylan, H., Öksüz, M. (2015). Analyzing Attitudes Of Undergraduate Social Work Students Towards Ageism, The Journal Of International Social Research, 8(39), 459-466.
  • Cicero. (1990). De Senectute (Yaşlılık Üzerine), A. Sarıgül (Çev.), İstanbul: M.E.B.
  • Çuhadar Gürsoy, S., Lordoğlu, K. (2016). Ageing And Related Problems In The Process Of Demographic Transformation In Türkiye, Journal of Political Sciences, 0(54), 63-80.
  • Daşbaş, S. ve Işıkhan, V. (2019). Elder Abuse In Türkiye And Associated Risk Factors, Journal of Social Service Research, 45(5), 739-749.
  • E. Perry, T., Hassevoort, L., Ruggiano, N., Shtompel, N. (2015). Applying Erikson’s Wisdom To Self-Management Practices Of Older Adults: Findings From Two Field Studies, Res Aging, 37(3), 253-274. Doi:10.1177/0164027514527974
  • Erdoğan, M., Vatandaş, C. (2020). Individual And Social Exclusion Practice: Prejudice And Discrimination, Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 474-485.
  • Erol, S. I. (2016). Demographic Transformation As A Global Problem: Its Causes, Effects, And Measures To Be Taken, Journal of Social Policy Studies, 37, 75-123.
  • Eurostat. (2022). Employment Rate Of Older Workers, Age Group 55-64, On 20.07.2022 retrieved from Eurostat Data Browser: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tesem050/default/table?lang=en.
  • Fadılıoğlu, Ç., Şenuzun A., F. (2012). Approach To Abuse And Neglect In The Elderly, Ege Journal of Medicine, 51(0), 69-77.
  • Fiori, K. L., Antonucci, T. C., Cortina, K. S. (2006). Social Network Typologies And Mental Health Among Older Adults, Journals Of Gerontology B: Psychological Sciences And Social Sciences, 61, 25-32.
  • Flett, G. L., Heisel, M. J. (2021). Aging And Feeling Valued Versus Expendable During The COVID-19 Pandemic And Beyond: A Review And Commentary Of Why Mattering Is Fundamental To The Health And Well-Being Of Older Adults, International Journal Of Mental Health & Addiction, 19(6), 2443-2469.
  • Henry, N. J. M., Berg, C. A., Smith, T. W., Florsheim, P. (2007). Positive And Negative Characteristics Of Marital Interaction And Their Association With Marital Satisfaction In Middle Aged And Older Couples, Psychology And Aging, 22, 428-441.
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  • İlhan, F. (2006). Determination Of Domestic Elderly Abuse In Anadolu Quarter In Yenimahalle District In Ankara. (Expertise In Medicine). Thesis Center. (Access Number 172020)
  • Jimenez-Sotomayor, M.R., Gomez-Moreno, C., Soto-Perez-De-Celis, E. (2020). Coronavirus, Ageism, And Twitter: An Evaluation Of Tweets About Older Adults And COVID-19, Journal Of The American Geriatrics Society, 68(8), 1661-1665.
  • Keskin, U. (2019). Evaluation Of Aging Process In The Scope Of Psychological Perspective Of Viktor Frankl, Adnan Menderes University, Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 6(1), 1-16.
  • Keskinoğlu, P., Giray, H., Pıçakçıefe, M., Bilgiç. N., Uçku, R. (2004). Physical Abuse, Financial Abuse And Neglect In Elderly, Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 7(2), 57-61.
  • Kılıç, Ü., Şelimen, D. (2017). Determination Of The Causes That Force The Elders To Choose Nursing Home Lives, Journal Of Academic Research In Nursing, 3(2), 73-82.
  • Kıssal, A., Beşer, A. (2009). Identifying And Evaluating Elder Abuse And Neglect, Taf Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(4), 357-364.
  • Kıyak, D. (2018). Psychosocial Development In Elderly: An Investigation Of Erikson's Ninth Stage. (Master Thesis). Thesis Center. (Access Number 524412)
  • Kinsella, K., He, W. (2009). An Aging World: 2008, On 16.07.2022 retrieved from U.S. CensusBureau: https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2009/demo/p95-09-1.pdf.
  • Koç, İ., Saraç, M. (2018). The Change In The Size And Direction Of Older Adults Migration In Türkiye, Senex: Journal of Aging Studies, (2), 19-37.
  • Koç, M. (2002). Spiritual Development in Old Age in Terms of Developmental Psychology, Journal Of Erciyes Academy, 1(12), 287-304.
  • Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., and Gill, T. (2006). Hearing Decline Predicted By Elders’ Age Stereotypes, Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, 82-87.
  • López-Otín. C, Blasco. M.A, Partridge. L, Serrano. M, Kroemer. G. (2013). The Hallmarks Of Aging, Cell. 153(6), 1194-217. Doi: 10.1016/J.Cell.2013.05.039.
  • OECD. (2021). Pensions at a Glance 2021: OECD and G20 Indicators. On 27.08.2022 retrieved from OECD Publishing: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/ca401ebd-en.pdf?expires=1662019006&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=7E20EB6F7F4BD99492635687EC7A4AB8.
  • Ofluoglu, G., Özbucak Albar, B. (2017). Ageing Labour-Occupational Health And Safety Problems And Suggested Solutions, Hak-İş International Journal of Labour and Society, 6(15), 335-360.
  • Özen, S., Özbek, Ç. (2017). Elderliness In Working Life: Old Workers And Human Resources Practices, Work And Society: Journal Of Economics And Law, (53), 547-572.
  • Özgüngör, S., Acun Kapıkıran, N. (2011). Comparisive Adaptation Of Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventories To Turkish Culture: Primary Results, Journal of Turkish Psychological Counseling And Guidance, 4(36), 114-124.
  • Rasulo, D., Christensen, K., Tomassini, C. (2005). The Influence Of Social Relations On Mortality In Later Life: A Study On Elderly Danish Twins, Gerontologist, 45, 601-608.
  • Riebe, D., Garber, C. E., Rossi, J. S., Greaney, M. L., Nigg, C. R., Lees, F. D., Others. (2005). Physical Activity, Physical Function, And Stages Of Change In Older Adults, American Journal Of Health Behavior, 29, 70-80.
  • Rodgers, W. (1982), Estimable Functions Of Age, Period, And Cohort Effects, American Sociological Review, 47(6), 774-787.
  • Santrock, J. W. (2019). Life-Span Development, Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
  • Sethi, D., Watts, S., Zwi, A., Watson, J. Ve Mccharty, C. (2004). Experience Of Domestic Violence By Women Attending An Innercity Accident And Emergency Department, Emerg Med J., 21(2), 180-184.
  • Seyyar, A. (2002). Social Policy Terms, Encyclopedic Dictionary, İstanbul: Beta Publishing.
  • SPO. (2007). The Situation of the Elderly In Türkiye And The National Action Plan On Aging 2007. On 30.07.2022 retrieved from State Planning Organization General Directorate Of Social Sectors and Coordination: https://sgb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/34232/0/turkiyede-yaslilarin-durumu-ve-yaslanma-ulusal-eylem-planipdf.pdf.
  • Şeker, A., Kurt, G. (2018). Aging As A Social Policy Area And Social Work Practices, Turkish Journal of Population Studies, 40, 7-30.
  • Şentürk, Ü. (2018). Sociology of Aging Social Trajectories of Aging, Bursa: Dora Publishing.
  • Temiz, S., Öztürk, M. (2019). The Effect Of Empathy On Ageism: A Research On Young People, Journal of Ekev Academy, 0(80), 483-498.
  • Tezcan, M. (2019). Social Change And Aging, Ankara University Journal Of Faculty Of Educational Sciences (Jfes), 15(2), 169-177.
  • Toraman, H., Özkaya, F., Bulut, M., Ünal, A., Kesen, N., Daşbaş, S. (2022). Practices For The Prevention Of Elder Abuse And Neglect, Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 13(34), 642-658.
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A PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEM: ELDERLY CRISIS THAT TURNS FROM PREJUDICE TO VIOLENCE

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 10, 115 - 142, 28.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.59162/tihek.1216254

Öz

The purpose of this research is; to address the connection of violence against the elderly with prejudice, social stigma, and abuse and to explain at which stage of psychosocial development the elderly who will be exposed to violence could not overcome the crisis from the perspective of E. Erikson. Within the scope of the research, the relevant issues were systematically examined and evaluated from different sources after the year 2000. According to the results obtained, studies mainly emphasize the increase in the elderly population, the theory of demographic transformation that will be caused, abuse and active labor force. On the other hand, it has been noticed that the studies on the rates of violence against the elderly in Turkey are insufficient, and the role of prejudices against the elderly and their psychosocial development in being victims of violence has not been addressed. It is seen that elderly groups constitute a threat to society and are exposed to discrimination, neglect, and even violence, especially economic and psychological abuse. It has been evaluated that the state of not producing, which causes a negative attitude towards the elderly, is related to the crisis of generativity versus stagnation in Erikson's 7th stage; also attitudes of the elderly who have anger towards society are related to the crisis of integrity versus despair in the 8th stage. The research will contribute to the literature by establishing a link between the phenomenon of ageism that threatens human rights and developmental psychology.

Kaynakça

  • A. Hogg, M., M. Vaughan, G. (1995). Prejudice And Discrimination, Social Psychology (s. 356-397) Ankara: Ütopya Publishing House.
  • APHSA. (1998). The National Elder Abuse Incidence Study Final Report. On 04.07.2022 retrieved from Administration For Community Living: https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/programs/2016-09/ABuseReport_Full.pdf.
  • Artan, T. (2013). Family Abuse Against The Elders Living In Nursing Homes, Society And Social Work, 24(2), 109-122. Artan, T. (2016). Financial Abuse As A Type Of Elderly Abuse Among Elderly People Residing In Senior Centers, Journal of Health Sciences And Professions, 3(1), 48-56.
  • Baltes, P. B. (1997). On The Incomplete Architecture Of Human Ontogeny: Selection, Optimization, And Compensation As Foundation Of Developmental Theory, American Psychologist, 52(4), 366–380.
  • Baş, M. (2012). An Overview Of Old Labour Force In Türkiye, Journal Of Social Insurance, 0(2), 28-46.
  • Bilir, N. (2018). Definition of Aging, Concept of Old Age, Epidemiological Characteristics, On 04.07.2022 retrieved from Tüsad: https://www.solunum.org.tr/TusadData/Book/677/17102018112853-001.pdf.
  • Blain, B. E., Brenchley, K. J. M. (2017). Understanding Age Stereotypes And Ageism, Understanding The Psychology Of Diversity (s. 175-187) Kaliforniya: Sage Publishing.
  • Brown, S. L., Nesse, R. M., Vinokur, A. D., Smith, D. M. (2003). Providing Social Support May Be More Beneficial Than Receiving It: Results From A Prospective Study Of Mortality, Psychological Science, 14, 320-327.
  • Bugajska, B. (2017). The Ninth Stage In The Cycle Of Life-Reflections On E. H. Erikson's Theory, Ageing And Society, 37(6), 1095-1110. Doi:10.1017/S0144686X16000301
  • Buz, S. (2015). Age Discrimination Against Elderly Persons, Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 14, 268-278.
  • Carstensen, L. L. (2006). The Influence Of A Sense Of Time On Human Development, Science, 312, 1913-1915.
  • Ceylan, H., Öksüz, M. (2015). Analyzing Attitudes Of Undergraduate Social Work Students Towards Ageism, The Journal Of International Social Research, 8(39), 459-466.
  • Cicero. (1990). De Senectute (Yaşlılık Üzerine), A. Sarıgül (Çev.), İstanbul: M.E.B.
  • Çuhadar Gürsoy, S., Lordoğlu, K. (2016). Ageing And Related Problems In The Process Of Demographic Transformation In Türkiye, Journal of Political Sciences, 0(54), 63-80.
  • Daşbaş, S. ve Işıkhan, V. (2019). Elder Abuse In Türkiye And Associated Risk Factors, Journal of Social Service Research, 45(5), 739-749.
  • E. Perry, T., Hassevoort, L., Ruggiano, N., Shtompel, N. (2015). Applying Erikson’s Wisdom To Self-Management Practices Of Older Adults: Findings From Two Field Studies, Res Aging, 37(3), 253-274. Doi:10.1177/0164027514527974
  • Erdoğan, M., Vatandaş, C. (2020). Individual And Social Exclusion Practice: Prejudice And Discrimination, Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 474-485.
  • Erol, S. I. (2016). Demographic Transformation As A Global Problem: Its Causes, Effects, And Measures To Be Taken, Journal of Social Policy Studies, 37, 75-123.
  • Eurostat. (2022). Employment Rate Of Older Workers, Age Group 55-64, On 20.07.2022 retrieved from Eurostat Data Browser: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tesem050/default/table?lang=en.
  • Fadılıoğlu, Ç., Şenuzun A., F. (2012). Approach To Abuse And Neglect In The Elderly, Ege Journal of Medicine, 51(0), 69-77.
  • Fiori, K. L., Antonucci, T. C., Cortina, K. S. (2006). Social Network Typologies And Mental Health Among Older Adults, Journals Of Gerontology B: Psychological Sciences And Social Sciences, 61, 25-32.
  • Flett, G. L., Heisel, M. J. (2021). Aging And Feeling Valued Versus Expendable During The COVID-19 Pandemic And Beyond: A Review And Commentary Of Why Mattering Is Fundamental To The Health And Well-Being Of Older Adults, International Journal Of Mental Health & Addiction, 19(6), 2443-2469.
  • Henry, N. J. M., Berg, C. A., Smith, T. W., Florsheim, P. (2007). Positive And Negative Characteristics Of Marital Interaction And Their Association With Marital Satisfaction In Middle Aged And Older Couples, Psychology And Aging, 22, 428-441.
  • Human Rights And Equality Institution Of Türkiye. (2022). Elder Rights Report 2022, On 20.07.2022 retrieved from Human Rights And Equality Institution Of Türkiye: https://www.tihek.gov.tr/upload/file_editor/2022/08/1659339478.pdf.
  • İlhan, F. (2006). Determination Of Domestic Elderly Abuse In Anadolu Quarter In Yenimahalle District In Ankara. (Expertise In Medicine). Thesis Center. (Access Number 172020)
  • Jimenez-Sotomayor, M.R., Gomez-Moreno, C., Soto-Perez-De-Celis, E. (2020). Coronavirus, Ageism, And Twitter: An Evaluation Of Tweets About Older Adults And COVID-19, Journal Of The American Geriatrics Society, 68(8), 1661-1665.
  • Keskin, U. (2019). Evaluation Of Aging Process In The Scope Of Psychological Perspective Of Viktor Frankl, Adnan Menderes University, Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 6(1), 1-16.
  • Keskinoğlu, P., Giray, H., Pıçakçıefe, M., Bilgiç. N., Uçku, R. (2004). Physical Abuse, Financial Abuse And Neglect In Elderly, Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 7(2), 57-61.
  • Kılıç, Ü., Şelimen, D. (2017). Determination Of The Causes That Force The Elders To Choose Nursing Home Lives, Journal Of Academic Research In Nursing, 3(2), 73-82.
  • Kıssal, A., Beşer, A. (2009). Identifying And Evaluating Elder Abuse And Neglect, Taf Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(4), 357-364.
  • Kıyak, D. (2018). Psychosocial Development In Elderly: An Investigation Of Erikson's Ninth Stage. (Master Thesis). Thesis Center. (Access Number 524412)
  • Kinsella, K., He, W. (2009). An Aging World: 2008, On 16.07.2022 retrieved from U.S. CensusBureau: https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2009/demo/p95-09-1.pdf.
  • Koç, İ., Saraç, M. (2018). The Change In The Size And Direction Of Older Adults Migration In Türkiye, Senex: Journal of Aging Studies, (2), 19-37.
  • Koç, M. (2002). Spiritual Development in Old Age in Terms of Developmental Psychology, Journal Of Erciyes Academy, 1(12), 287-304.
  • Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., and Gill, T. (2006). Hearing Decline Predicted By Elders’ Age Stereotypes, Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, 82-87.
  • López-Otín. C, Blasco. M.A, Partridge. L, Serrano. M, Kroemer. G. (2013). The Hallmarks Of Aging, Cell. 153(6), 1194-217. Doi: 10.1016/J.Cell.2013.05.039.
  • OECD. (2021). Pensions at a Glance 2021: OECD and G20 Indicators. On 27.08.2022 retrieved from OECD Publishing: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/ca401ebd-en.pdf?expires=1662019006&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=7E20EB6F7F4BD99492635687EC7A4AB8.
  • Ofluoglu, G., Özbucak Albar, B. (2017). Ageing Labour-Occupational Health And Safety Problems And Suggested Solutions, Hak-İş International Journal of Labour and Society, 6(15), 335-360.
  • Özen, S., Özbek, Ç. (2017). Elderliness In Working Life: Old Workers And Human Resources Practices, Work And Society: Journal Of Economics And Law, (53), 547-572.
  • Özgüngör, S., Acun Kapıkıran, N. (2011). Comparisive Adaptation Of Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventories To Turkish Culture: Primary Results, Journal of Turkish Psychological Counseling And Guidance, 4(36), 114-124.
  • Rasulo, D., Christensen, K., Tomassini, C. (2005). The Influence Of Social Relations On Mortality In Later Life: A Study On Elderly Danish Twins, Gerontologist, 45, 601-608.
  • Riebe, D., Garber, C. E., Rossi, J. S., Greaney, M. L., Nigg, C. R., Lees, F. D., Others. (2005). Physical Activity, Physical Function, And Stages Of Change In Older Adults, American Journal Of Health Behavior, 29, 70-80.
  • Rodgers, W. (1982), Estimable Functions Of Age, Period, And Cohort Effects, American Sociological Review, 47(6), 774-787.
  • Santrock, J. W. (2019). Life-Span Development, Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
  • Sethi, D., Watts, S., Zwi, A., Watson, J. Ve Mccharty, C. (2004). Experience Of Domestic Violence By Women Attending An Innercity Accident And Emergency Department, Emerg Med J., 21(2), 180-184.
  • Seyyar, A. (2002). Social Policy Terms, Encyclopedic Dictionary, İstanbul: Beta Publishing.
  • SPO. (2007). The Situation of the Elderly In Türkiye And The National Action Plan On Aging 2007. On 30.07.2022 retrieved from State Planning Organization General Directorate Of Social Sectors and Coordination: https://sgb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/34232/0/turkiyede-yaslilarin-durumu-ve-yaslanma-ulusal-eylem-planipdf.pdf.
  • Şeker, A., Kurt, G. (2018). Aging As A Social Policy Area And Social Work Practices, Turkish Journal of Population Studies, 40, 7-30.
  • Şentürk, Ü. (2018). Sociology of Aging Social Trajectories of Aging, Bursa: Dora Publishing.
  • Temiz, S., Öztürk, M. (2019). The Effect Of Empathy On Ageism: A Research On Young People, Journal of Ekev Academy, 0(80), 483-498.
  • Tezcan, M. (2019). Social Change And Aging, Ankara University Journal Of Faculty Of Educational Sciences (Jfes), 15(2), 169-177.
  • Toraman, H., Özkaya, F., Bulut, M., Ünal, A., Kesen, N., Daşbaş, S. (2022). Practices For The Prevention Of Elder Abuse And Neglect, Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 13(34), 642-658.
  • Tufan, İ. (2002). Aging From Antiquity To The Present, İstanbul: Aykırı Publishing.
  • Tufan, İ. (2014). Structural Change Of Aging In Türkiye, İstanbul: Koç University Press.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2022). Seniors in Statistics, 2021. On 15.07.2022 retrieved from Turkish Statistical Institute: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2021-45636#:~:text=T%C3%9C%C4%B0K%20Kurumsal&text=Ya%C5%9Fl%C4%B1%20n%C3%BCfus%20olarak%20kabul%20edilen,9%2C7'ye%20y%C3%BCkseldi.
  • UN. (2015). World Population Ageing 2015 Report, On 15.07.2022 retrieved from United Nations: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WPA2015_Report.pdf.
  • UN. (2020). Department Of Economic And Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Ageing 2020 Highlights: Living Arrangements Of Older Persons, On 27.08.2022 retrieved from United Nations: https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd-2020_world_population_ageing_highlights.pdf.
  • Uyanık, Y. (2017). Old Age, Olden Population And Social Policy, Journal of Business and Life, 3(5), 67-100.
  • Ünal, Ç. (2021). The Spatial Change Of The Elderly Population In Türkiye (2007-2020), The Journal Of International Social Research, 14(78), 93-113.
  • Ünalan, D., Soyuer, F., Elmalı, F. (2012). Evaluation Of The Attitudes Of The Geriatric Care Center Workers Towards Elderly Patients, Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, (3), 115-120.
  • Ünlü, D. (2019). Examination Of The Cases Of Economic Abuse Of The Elderly: İstanbul Bahçelievler Example. (Master Thesis). Thesis Center. (Access Number 553478)
  • WHO. (2002). World Report On Violence And Health (Chapter 5 Abuse Of The Elderly). On 09.07.2022 retrieved from World Health Organization: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42512/9241545623_eng.pdf?sequence=1.
  • WHO. (2007). Global Report on Falls Prevention in Older Age. On 15.07.2022 retrieved from World Health Organization: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43811/9789241563536_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
  • WHO. (2012). World Health Statistics 2012, On 15.07.2002 retrieved from World Health Organization: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44844/9789241564441_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hukuk
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Çağatay Dişci 0000-0003-4646-7557

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 10

Kaynak Göster

APA Dişci, Ç. (2023). A PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEM: ELDERLY CRISIS THAT TURNS FROM PREJUDICE TO VIOLENCE. Türkiye İnsan Hakları Ve Eşitlik Kurumu Akademik Dergisi, 6(10), 115-142. https://doi.org/10.59162/tihek.1216254