The MIS 9 Terrestrial Carbonate Records in Anatolia and their Palaeoclimatic Implications at Örtülü/Sarıkavak (Afyon), Karahallı (Uşak) and Bahçecik (Gümüşhane)

Öz

The MIS 9, one of the Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) that corresponds to an interglacial period, is considered as an analogue for the present warm period. However, data from terrestrial carbonate sediments for this period are limited. In this study, records of terrestrial carbonates such as travertine and tufa, which crop out in different locations in Anatolia, were investigated of the MIS 9 interglacial period. For this purpose, the MIS 9 data of terrestrial carbonates at two locations in SW-Anatolia, (Örtülü/Sarıkavak, Afyon) and (Karahallı, Uşak) were evaluated, and one location from NE-Anatolia (Bahçecik, Gümüşhane). In light of the sedimentological, isotopic and palynological data, the environmental and palaeoclimatic conditions of the MIS 9 interglacial period were revealed. The Örtülü travertines and Sarıkavak tufa, which continued to be precipitated during the MIS 9 period, were accumulated in a depression depositional system and a fluvial system dominated by medium-highly inclined topography, respectively. Karahallı travertines were deposited in a shallow lake margin environment where tectonism was active. Bahçecik travertines were deposited within depression and slope depositional systems. In the MIS 9 period, δ13C stable isotopes values of the Karahallı and Örtülü/Sarıkavak terrestrial carbonates were close to positive (-0.47 to 1.86 ‰), while δ18O stable isotope values were negative (-9.67 to -8.72‰). However, a significant difference is observed in the stable isotope values of the MIS 9 period in NE-Anatolia. While δ13C isotope values are more positive (4.5 to 5.0 ‰), δ18O values are much more negative (–14.67 to –14.6‰). This difference in these carbon and oxygen isotope values is directly related to wetter/drier conditions. According to palynological records, a significant difference was recorded between MIS 9e and MIS 9a, with a changing humidity, relatively. In the light of all data obtained, it can be said that the MIS 9 in Anatolia was generally a milder period, although it showed climatic fluctuations with decreased rainfall within arid conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anatolia
• MIS 9
• palaeclimatology
• palynology
• stable isotope
• terresrial carbonates

Anadolu’nun MIS 9 Karasal Karbonat Kayıtları ve Paleoiklimsel Çıkarımlar: Örtülü/Sarıkavak (Afyon), Karahallı (Uşak) ve Bahçecik (Gümüşhane)

Öz

Denizel izotop fazlarından biri olan ve buzul arası döneme karşılık gelen MIS 9 dönemi, günümüzdeki sıcak dönem için bir analog olarak görülmektedir. Ancak karasal karbonat çökellerinden bu döneme ait veriler oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, Anadolu’nun farklı bölgelerinde yüzlek veren traverten ve tufa gibi karasal karbonatların MIS 9 buzul arası dönemine ait kayıtları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, GB-Anadolu’dan iki lokasyona (Örtülü/Sarıkavak (Afyon) ve Karahallı (Uşak)) ve KD-Anadolu’dan bir lokasyona (Bahçecik, Gümüşhane) ait karasal karbonat çökellerinin MIS 9 verileri, ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Sedimantolojik, izotopik ve palinolojik verilerin ışığında, MIS 9 buzul arası dönemin ortamsal ve iklimsel koşulları ortaya konmuştur. MIS 9 döneminde çökelimine devam etmiş olan Örtülü travertenler, sığ bir göl ortamında çöküntü depolanma sistemi içinde çökelirken Sarıkavak tufaları ise orta-yüksek eğimli bir topoğrafyanın egemen olduğu, akarsu ortamında çökelmişlerdir. Karahallı travertenleri ise, tektonizmanın etkin olduğu sığ bir göl kenarı ortamında çökelmişlerdir. Bir diğer çalışma alanı olan Bahçecik travertenleri ise, çöküntü ve yamaç depolanma sistemi içinde çökelmiş traverten oluşuklarıdır. MIS 9 döneminde, GB-Anadolu’da yer alan Karahallı travertenleri ve Örtülü/Sarıkavak karasal karbonatlarında δ13C duraylı izotopları, pozitife yakın (‰ -0,47 ile ‰ 1,86) değerler sunarken δ18O duraylı izotop değerleri ise negatiftir (‰ -9,67 ile ‰ -8,72). Ancak KD-Anadolu’da MIS 9 dönemine ait duraylı izotop değerlerinde önemli bir farklılık gözlenmiştir. δ13C izotop değerleri daha pozitif (‰ 4,5 ile ‰ 5,0) iken, δ18O değerleri ise çok daha negatiftir (‰ -14,67 ile ‰ -14,6). Karbon ve oksijen izotop değerlerindeki bu belirgin farklılık, yağış/buharlaşma ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Palinolojik kayıtlara göre, MIS 9e ve MIS9a arasında önemli bir farklılık kaydedilmiş ve nemlilikte göreceli bir değişim tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen tüm veriler ışığında, Anadolu’da MIS 9 dönemi, belli dönemlerde yağışın azaldığı kuraklaşmanın hüküm sürdüğü iklimsel dalgalanmalar gösterse de genel itibariyle daha ılıman ve yağışlı bir dönem olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anadolu
• duraylı izotop
• karasal karbonatlar
• MIS 9
• paleoiklim
• palinoloji

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