The Significance and Morphotectonic Features of the Iğdır Fault within the Eastern Anatolian Compressional Tectonic Block

Öz

The Iğdır Fault Zone (IFZ) is located at the easternmost edge of Turkey, approximately 13 km northwest of Mount Ağrı. The fault extends from Küllük village in the northwest to Kavaktepe village in the southeast. The right-lateral strike-slip Iğdır Fault Zone, which exhibits strike variations between N20°E and N60°E, consists of 19 sub-geometric segments. Fault-controlled drainage networks, offset streams, alluvial and colluvial fans, and truncated valleys are key morphological indicators of the fault’s activity. This study aims to determine the tectonic influence of the Iğdır Fault Zone, which is situated within the Small Caucasus Tectonic Block. To achieve this objective, both historical and instrumental earthquake catalogs were compiled for the IFZ and its vicinity. Additionally, morphometric analyses were conducted on the fault zone, including surface roughness, hypsometric integral, basin asymmetry factor, mountain front sinuosity, and the ratio of valley floor width to valley height. The identified morphotectonic markers and index results indicate that the IFZ also possesses a normal fault component. The fault zone consists of five parallel sub-branches and exhibits a releasing bend structure, merging with the Mount Ağrı extensional crack in the southeastern section. The historical seismicity and morphometric index results suggest that the study area is morphologically young, with an uplift rate exceeding 0.5 mm per year in the NW and SE sections. When the fault length and index results are evaluated, it is observed that the southeastern segments of the Iğdır Fault Zone, particularly those closer to Mount Ağrı, have accumulated relatively higher deformation and exhibit a greater uplift rate.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Active Tectonics
• Eastern Anatolia
• Iğdır Fault
• Geomorphology
• Uplift Rate

Iğdır Fay Zonu’nun Doğu Anadolu Kısalmalı Tektonik Bloğu içerisindeki önemi ve Morfotektonik Özellikleri / The Significance and Morphotectonic Features of the Iğdır Fault within the Eastern Anatolian Compressional Tectonic Block

Öz

Iğdır Fay Zonu (IFZ) Türkiye’nin en doğu ucunda, Ağrı Dağı’nın yaklaşık 13 km kuzeybatısında yer almaktadır. Kuzeybatıda Küllük köyünden başlayan fay güneydoğuda Kavaktepe köyüne kadar devam etmektedir. Yaklaşık olarak K20°B ile K60°B arasında değişen doğrultulara sahip olan sağ yanal doğrultu atımlı Iğdır Fay Zonu 19 alt geometrik segmentten oluşmaktadır. Fay kontrollü drenaj ağı, ötelenmiş akarsular ve alüvyal, kolüvyal yelpazeler ve başı kesik dereler fayın aktif olduğunu morfoloji üzerinde gösteren belirteçlerdir. Bu çalışmada Küçük Kafkas Tektonik Bloğu içerisinde konumlanan Iğdır Fay Zonu’nun bölge içerisindeki tektonik etkisinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu hedefe bağlı olarak Iğdır Fay Zonu ve yakın civarının hem tarihsel hem de aletsel deprem kataloğu oluşturulmuş ve fay üzerinde morfometrik analizler (yüzey pürüzlülüğü, hipsometrik integral, havza asimetri faktörü, dağ önü kıvrımlılığı, vadi tabanı genişliğinin vadi yüksekliğine oranı) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fay Zonu üzerinde belirlenen morfotektonik belirteçler ve indis sonuçları IFZ’nin normal bileşene de sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Birbirine parelel 5 alt kol halinde bulunan IFZ gevşeyen büklüm yapısı sergilemekte ve güneydoğu kısımda Ağrı Dağı açılma çatlağı ile birleşmektedir. Tarihsel dönem depremsellik ve morfometrik indis sonuçlarına bakıldığında çalışma alanının morfolojik olarak genç olduğu, yükselim hızının KB ve GD kesimlerinde yılda 0,5 mm’den fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Iğdır Fay Zonu boyu yapılan indis sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde Iğdır Fay Zonu’nun Ağrı Dağı’na yakın olan güneydoğu ucundaki segmentlerin göreceli olarak daha fazla deformasyon biriktirdiği ve daha fazla yükselme hızına sahip olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aktif Tektonik
• Doğu Anadolu
• Iğdır Fayı
• Jeomorfoloji
• Yükselme Hızı

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