Otlukbeli (Erzincan) Travertenlerinin Jeolojik-Kültürel Miras Açısından Önemi (Doğu Anadolu) / The Importance of the Otlukbeli (Erzincan) Travertines in Terms of Geological and Cultural Heritage (Eastern Anatolia)

Öz

Erzincan ilinin (Doğu Anadolu) Otlukbeli ilçesi sınırlarında yer alan Otlukbeli Travertenleri, Türkiye’nin jeolojik açıdan en özgün ve nadir traverten oluşumlarındandır. Bu travertenler, bölgedeki aktif bir tektonizmanın etkisinde kırık ve çatlaklar boyunca yüzeye çıkan Fe-oksitçe zengin mineralli sular tarafından oluşturulmuş, farklı jeomorfolojik özelliklere sahip karasal karbonatlardır. Bu karbonat oluşumları, traverten konileri, sırt tipi ve yamaç travertenleri şeklinde çalışma alanında gözlenmektedirler. Günümüzde aktif olmayan traverten sırt ve konileri çalışma alanında yaygın olarak gözlendiği gibi hala aktivasyonuna devam eden güncel karbonat çökelimi de mevcuttur. Bu araştırma kapsamında 60 civarı traverten konisi ve 15 adet traverten sırtı ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Ölçülen bu traverten koni ve sırtları, coğrafi bilgi sistemi içinde değerlendirilmiş, travertenlerin jeomorfolojik ve jeolojik özellikleri yüksek çözünürlükte haritalanmıştır. Sedimantolojik açıdan bu karasal karbonatların depolanma sistemleri ve litotipleri ilk kez bu çalışmada ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmada, laminalı, kristalin kabuk, gaz kabarcıklı ve ince zarflar, bu üç farklı traverten sistemleri içinde gözlenen belirgin litotiplerdir. Küçük ve orta ölçekteki traverten havuz/havuzcukları, yamaç boyunca gelişen travertenlerin teraslarında yaygındır. Yapılan petrografik analizlerde bu travertenlerde eser miktarda Fe-oksit/oksihidroksit minerallerine rastlanmıştır. Otlukbeli Travertenleri, jeolojik-kültürel miras kriterleri açısından oldukça önemli bir değere sahip jeolojik oluşumlardır. Sahip olduğu nadirlik, bilimsel araştırma potansiyeli, eğitim ve jeoturizm açısından taşıdığı değerler, Otlukbeli Travertenlerini korunması gereken önemli bir jeosit konumuna getirmektedir. Bu benzersiz oluşumların korunması, bilimsel araştırmalara teşvik edilmesi ve sürdürülebilir jeoturizm kapsamında değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğu Anadolu
• Erzincan
• jeolojik ve kültürel miras
• jeoturizm
• Otlukbeli travertenleri

The Importance of the Otlukbeli (Erzincan) Travertines in Terms of Geological and Cultural Heritage (Eastern Anatolia)

Öz

The Otlukbeli Travertines, located in the Otlukbeli district of Erzincan Province in Eastern Anatolia, constitute one of the most distinctive and geologically rare travertine formations in Türkiye. These travertines are terrestrial carbonates with distinct geomorphological features, formed by Fe-oxide-rich mineralized waters emerging along fractures and faults under the influence of active tectonics in the region. In the study area, these terrestrial carbonate deposits are observed as travertine cones, ridge-type travertines, and slope travertines. While inactive travertine ridges and cones are widely observed in the field, there are also ongoing deposits of active carbonate precipitates. In this study, approximately 60 travertine cones and 15 travertine ridges were described in detail. The measured travertine cones and ridges were evaluated within a geographic information system, and the geomorphological and geological characteristics of the travertines were mapped at high resolution. From a sedimentological perspective, this study presents, for the first time, the depositional systems and lithotypes of these terrestrial carbonates. Accordingly, laminated, crystalline crust, gas bubbles and paper-thin rafts are the mainly lithotypes observed within these three different travertine systems. Travertine pools and terracettes are commonly observed on the slope travertine. Petrographic analyses also revealed trace amounts of Fe-oxide/oxyhydroxide minerals in these travertines. The Otlukbeli Travertines are geological formations of considerable importance in terms of geological and cultural heritage criteria. Their rarity, scientific research potential, and value for education and geotourism make the Otlukbeli Travertines an important geosite that requires protection. The preservation of these unique occurrences, the promotion of scientific studies, and their evaluation within the scope of sustainable geotourism are essential.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Erzincan
• geological and cultural heritage
• geotourism
• Otlukbeli travertines
• Eastern Anatolia

Kaynakça

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