Kalk-alkalen Şapçı (Balıkesir) Volkanitlerin Petrografisi ve Petrolojisi: Biga Yarımadası’nda (Kuzeybatı Türkiye) Çarpışma ile İlişkili Volkanizma

Yıl 2015, , 1 - 22, 01.08.2015

Dilber Erdem Zafer Aslan

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.298325

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmada Şapçı volkanitlerinin petrografik ve petrolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve kökeninin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Biga Yarımadası (Kuzeybatı Türkiye) tektonik olarak Sakarya Zonu’nda yer almakta olup, çarpışma magmatizmanın yaygın olduğu ve magmatik-tektonik olayların birlikte izlendiği önemli bir kuşaktır. Karmaşık bir jeolojiye sahip olan Biga Yarımadasın’da Paleozoyik’ten Pliyosen’e kadar yaş aralığında çeşitli metamorfik, tortul ve magmatik kayaçlar mevcuttur. Çalışma alanında en yaşlı birim Geç Kretase yaşlı Bornova Flişi’dir. Birimi tektonik olarak Geç Kretase yaşlı Yayla melanjı üzerlemektedir. Bu birimler Hallaçlar volkanitleri tarafından kesilmiştir. Hallaçlar volkanitleri ise Erken Miyosen yaşlı Şapçı volkanitleri tarafından kesilmiştir.

Şapçı volkanitleri, başlıca andezit ve piroklastiklerden ibaret olup, petrografik olarak mikrolitik, mikrolitik porfirik, hyalomikrolitik ve yer yer de akma ve elek dokusu göstermektedir. Plajiyoklaz, amfibol, biyotit ve opak oksit ana mineralleri ile apatit ve zirkon gibi tali mineraller içermektedir. Petrokimyasal olarak orta K’lu kalk-alkalen karakterde olup, N-MORB’a normalize iz element değişim diyagramlarında büyük iyon yarıçaplı litofil elementlerce (LILE) zenginleşme göstermektedir. Kondirite göre normalize edilmiş nadir toprak element desenlerinde, volkanik kayaçlar La/Lu=7.16-21.84 oranlarıyla konkav bir dağılım sergilerler. Bu dağılımlar ve Harker diyagramlarında gözlenen ilişkiler, volkanitlerin gelişiminde amfibol ve plajiyoklas fraksiyonel kristallenmesinin etkin olduğuna işaret etmektedir. İncelenen Şapçı volkanitleri çarpışma sonrası oluşmuş olup, ana magma kaynağı zenginleşmiş mantodur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kelimeler: jeokimya, kalk-alkalen kayaçlar, tektonik ortam, zenginleşmiş manto

Kaynakça

• Akay, E., 2009. Geology and petrology of the Simav Magmatic Complex (NW Anatolia) and its comparison with the Oligo–Miocene granitoids in NW Anatolia: implications on Tertiary tectonic evolution of the region. International Journal of Earth Sciences, (GeolRundsch) 98, 1655–1675.
• Aldanmaz, E., Pearce, J.A., Thirlwall, M.F. ve Mitchell, J.G., 2000. Petrogenetic Evolution of late Cenozoic, Post-collision Volcanism in Western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 102, 67-95.
• Altunkaynak, Ş., 2007. Collision-driven slab breakoff magmatism in northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Geology, 115, 63–82.
• Altunkaynak, Ş. ve Yılmaz, Y., 1998. The mount Kozak magmatic complex, Western Anatolia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 85, 211-231.
• Altunkaynak, Ş. ve Yılmaz, Y., 1999. The Kozak Pluton and its emplacement. Geological Journal 34, 257–274.
• Altunkaynak, Ş. ve Dilek, Y., 2006. Timing and natüre of postcollisional volcanism in western Anatolia and geodynamic implications. Dilek, Y., Pavlides, S. (Ed.), Post collisional tectonics and magmatism in the Mediterranean region and Asia. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 409, 321–351.
• Altunkaynak, Ş. ve Genç, Ş.C., 2008. Petrogenesis and time-progressive evolution of the Cenozoic continental volcanism in the Biga Peninsula, NW Anatolia (Turkey). Lithos, 102, 316-340.
• Baier, J., Audetat, A. ve Kepler, H., 2008. The origin of the negative niobium tantalum anomaly in subduction zone magmas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 267, 290–300.
• Bingöl, E., 1976. Biga yarımadasının jeolojisi ve Karakaya formasyonunun bazı özellikleri. Cumhuriyetin 50. yılı Yerbilimleri kongresi, Tebliğler kitabı, Maden Tetkik ve Arama, Ankara 70–75.
• Bingöl, E., Delaloye, M. ve Ataman, G., 1982. Granitic intrusions in Western Anatolia: A contribution of the geodynamic study of this area. Eclogae Geologisch Helvetica 75, 437–446.
• Bradshaw, T.K. ve Smith, E.I. 1994. Polygenetic Quaternary volcanism at Crater Flat, Nevada. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 63, 165–182.
• Delaloye, M. ve Bingöl, E., 2000. Granitoids from western and North-western Anatolia: geochemistry and modeling of geodynamic evolution. International Geology Review, 42:241–268.
• Dönmez, M., Akçay, A. E., Genç, Ş. C. ve Acar, Ş., 2005. Biga Yarımadasında Orta-Üst Eosen volkanizması ve denizel ignimbiritler. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, 131,49-61.
• Duru, M., Pehlivan, Ş., Şentürk, Y.,Yavaş F. ve Kar, H., 2004. New Results on the lithostratigraphy of the Kazdağ Massif in Northwest Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 13, 177-186.
• Elburg, M.A., Bergen, M.V., Hoogewerff, J., Foden, J., Vroon, P., Zulkarnain, I. ve Nasution, A. 2002. Geochemical trends across an arccontinent collision zone: magma sources and slab-wedge transfer processes below the Pantar
• Strait volcanoes, Indonesia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, 2771–2789.
• Ercan, T., 1979. Batı Anadolu, Trakya ve Ege adalarındaki Senozoyik volkanizması. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 9, 23-46.
• Ercan, T. ve Günay, E., 1984. Kuzeybatı Anadolu, Trakya ve Ege adalarındaki Oligo-Miyosen yaşlı volkanizmanın gözden geçirilişi. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bülteni, 5, 119-139.
• Ercan, T., Satır, M., Steinitz, G., Dora, A., Sarıfakıoğlu, E.,Adis,C.,Walter, H.J. ve Yıldırım, T., 1995. Biga Yarımadası ile Gökçeada Bozcaada ve Tavşan adalarındaki (KB Anadolu) Tersiyer Volkanizmasmın özellikleri. Maden Tetkik ve
• Arama Dergisi, 117, 55-86.
• Erdem, D., 2015. Şapçı (İbirler-Balıkesir) Volkaniti’nin Petrografisi, Jeokimyası ve Petrolojisi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü., Balıkesir, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 63s (yayınlanmamış).
• Genç, Ş.C.,1998. Evolution of the Bayramiç magmatic complex, northwestern Anatolia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 85, 233249.
• Genç, Ş.C. ve Yılmaz, Y., 1997. An example of postcollisional magmatism in northwestern Anatolia: the Kizderbent Volcanics (Armutlu Peninsula, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 6, 33–42.
• Gill, J.B., 1981. Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics. Springer, Berlin. 390s.
• Güleç, N., 1991. Crust–mantle interaction in western Turkey: implications from Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry of Tertiary and Quaternary volcanics. Geological Magazine, 23, 417–435.
• Harris, N.B.W., Kelley, S. ve Okay, A.I., 1994. Postcollisional magmatism and tectonics in northwest Anatolia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 117, 241–252.
• Irvine, T.N. ve Baragar W.R.A., 1971. A guide to the chemical classification of common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 8, 523–548.
• Jahn, B.M., Wu, F., Lo, C.H. ve Tsai, C.H., 1999. Crust-mantle interaction induced by deep subduction of the continental crust: geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence from post-collisional maficultramafic intrusions of the northern Dabie complex, central China. Chemical Geology, 157, 119–146.
• Kaplan, D., Aslan Z. ve Chen B., 2013. SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating, geochemical and petrographical characteristics of calc-alkaline Early Miocene Şapçı volcanics around Balıkesir (W Turkey). Mineralogical Magazine, 77(5), 1430.
• Krushensky, R. D., 1976. Neogene calc-alkalene extrusive and intrusive rocks of the Karalar Yeşiller area, Northwest
• Anatolia, Turkey. Bulletin Volcanologique, 40, 336-360.
• Köprübaşı, N. ve Aldanmaz, E., 2004. Geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Cenozoic I-type granitoids in Northwest Anatolia, Turkey: Evidence for magma generation by lithospheric delamination in a post-collisional setting.
• International Geology Review, 46, 705–729.
• Lambert, R.J. ve Holland, J.G., 1974. Yttrium geochemistry applied to petrogenesis utilizing calcium-yttrium relationships in minerals and rocks. Geochima Cosmochima Acta, 38, 1393-1414.
• Le Maitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., Le Bas, M.J., Bonin, B., Bateman, P., Bellieni, G., Dudek, A., Efremova, S., Keller, J., Lamere, J., Sabine, P.A., Schmid, R., Sorensen, H. ve Woolley, A.R., 2002. Igneous rocks: A classification and glossary of terms, recommendations of the international union of geological sciences, subcommission of the systematics of igneous rocks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Okay, A.I., 2008. Geology of Turkey: a synopsis. Anschnitt, 21, 19–42.
• Okay, A.I. ve Tüysüz, O., 1999. Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey. Durant, B., Jolivet, F., Horvath, F. ve Seranne, M., (ed) The Mediterranean basin: Tertiary extension within the Alpine orogen. Geological Society Special Publication, 156, 475-515.
• Okay, A.I. ve Satır, M., 2006. Geochronology of Eocene plutonism and metamorphism in northeast Turkey: evidence for a possible magmatic arc. Geodinamica Acta, 19, 251–266.
• Okay, A.I., Tansel, I. ve Tüysüz, O., 2001. Obduction, subduction and colision as reflected in the Upper Cretaceous–Lower Eocene sedimantary record of western Turkey. Geological Magazine, 138, 117–142.
• Okay, A.I., Satır, M., Maluski, H., Siyako, M., Metzger, R. ve Akyüz, S., 1996. Paleo-and Neo-Tethyan events in Northwest Turkey: geological and geochronological constrains. Yin, A. ve Harrison, T.M., (ed) The tectonic evolution of Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 420-444.
• Özgenç, İ. ve İlbeyli, N., 2008. Petrogenesis of the Late Cenozoic Eğrigöz Pluton in Western Anatolia, Turkey: Implications for magma genesis and crustal processes. International Geology Review, 50, 375–391.
• Pearce, J.A., 1982. Trace element charesteristics of lavas from destructive plate margins. Thorpe, R.S., (ed) Andasites: Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks. John Wiley, New York, pp. 525548.
• Pearce, J.A., 1983, The role of sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at destructive plate margins. Hawksworth, C.J. ve Norry, M.J., (ed) Continental basalts and mantle xenoliths. Shiva, Nantwich, pp. 230–249.
• Pearce, J.A. ve Peate, D.W., 1995. Tectonic implications of the composition of volcanic arc magmas. Annual Review Earth Planet Sciences Letter, 23, 251–285.
• Pearce, T.H., Gorman, B.E. ve Birkett, T.C., 1977. The relationship between majör element chemistry and tectonic environment of basic and intermediate volcanic rocks. Earth Planet Sciences Letter, 36, 121-132.
• Pearce, J.A., Bender, J.F., De Long, S.E., Kidd, W.S.F., Low, P.J., Güner, Y., Şaroğlu, F., Yılmaz, Y, Moorbath, S. ve Mitchell, J.J., 1990. Genesis of collision volcanism in eastern Anatolia Turkey. Journal Volcanology Geothermal Research, 44, 189–229.
• Pehlivan, Ş., Duru. M., Dönmez, M., Ilgar, A., Akçay, A.E., Erdoğan, K. ve Özer, D., 2007. Türkiye Jeolojisi Haritaları No:96, Balıkesir-İ 19 Paftası. Maden Tetkik Arama, 40s, Ankara.
• Seyitoğlu, G. ve Scott, B., 1996. The cause of N–S extensional tectonics in western Turkey: Tectonic escape vs. backarc spreading vs. orogenic collapse. Journal of Geodynamics 22, 145–153.
• Shand, S. J., 1943. The Eruptive Rocks, John Wiley, 2nd edn, New York, 444 pp.
• Smith, E.I., Sanchez, A., Walker, J.D. ve Wang, K. 1999. Geochemistry of mafic magmas in the Hurricane Volcanic field, Utah: implications for small- and large-scale chemical variability of the lithospheric mantle. Journal of Geology, 107, 433–448.
• Sun, S.S. ve Mcdonough, W.F., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematic of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Saunders, A.D. ve Norry, M.J., (eds) Magmatism in the ocean basins. Geology Society London Special Publication, 42, 313–345.
• Şengör, A.M.C. ve Yılmaz, Y., 1981. Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics, 75, 181–241.
• Şengör, A. M. C., Natalin, B. A. ve Burtman, V. S., 1993. Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Paleozoic crustal growth in Eurasia. Nature, 364, 299–307.
• Taylor, S.R. ve Mc Lenan, S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust, Its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 312 pp.
• Thirlwall, M.F., Smith, T.E., Graham, A.M., Theodorou, N., Hollings, P., Davidson, J.P. ve Arculus, R.J., 1994. High field strength element anomalies in arc lavas; source or process? Journal Petrogly, 35, 819–838.
• Thompson, R.N., Morrison, M.A., Hendry, G.L. ve Parry, S.J., 1984. An assessment of the relative roles of crust and mantle in magma genesis: an elemental approach. Philos Translate Society London, A310, 549–590.
• Yılmaz, Y., 1989. An approach to the origin of young volcanic rocks of western Turkey. Şengör, A.M.C., (ed) Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan region. Kluwer Academics, Hague, The Netherlands, pp.159–189.
• Yılmaz, Y., 1990. Comparison of young volcanic associations of western and eastern Anatolia under compressional regime; a review. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 44, 69–87.
• Yılmaz, Y., Genç, S.C., Karacik, Z. ve Altunkaynak, Ş., 2001. Two contrasting magmatic associations of NW Anatolia and their tectonic significance. Journal of Geodynamics 31, 243–271.
• Yılmaz, Y., Genç, Ş. C., Yiğitbaş¸ E., Bozcu, M. ve Yılmaz, K., 1995. Geological evolution of the late Mesozioc continenetal margin of Northwestern Anatolia. Tectonophysics, 243, 155–171.
• White, W.M. ve Patchett, J. 1984. Hf–Nd–Sr isotopes and incompatible element abundances in island arcs: implications for magma origins and crustmantle evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 67, 167–185.
• Wilson, F. H., 1989. Geologic setting, petrology and Plicene to Holocene volcanoes of the stepovak Bay area,western Alaska Peninsula. Dover, J.H. ve Galloway, J. P. (eds) Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey. United State Geological Survey Bulletin, 1903, 84-95.
• Winchester, J.A. ve Floyd, P.A., 1977. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology, 20, 325–343.
• Wood, D.A., 1980. The aplication of a Th-Hf-Ta diagram to problems of tectonomagmatic classifation and to establishing the natüre of crustal contamination of basaltic lavas of the British Tertiary volcanic province. Earth Planet Sciences Letter, 50, 11-30.
• Wood, D.A. ve Joron, J.L., 1979. Elemental and Sr izotopic variations in basic lava from Iceland and surrounding ocean floor: the nature of the mantle sources inhomogenities. Contribution and Mineralogy Petrology, 70, 319-339.