Investigation of Morphotectonic Evolution of Gölmarmara Fault Using GIS-Based Methods, Gediz Graben, Western Anatolia

Öz

The Gölmarmara Basin forms the northern branch of the Gediz Graben, which constitutes a series of horst-graben systems controlled by antithetic and synthetic normal fault steps in the Western Anatolia Extensional Province. Although geology of this section is well known, it is not studied enough in terms of active tectonics and geomorphology. The aim of this study is to reveal fault segments on the basis of Quaternary activity and structural evolution of the Gölmarmara Fault forming the southern boundary of the basin.

The NW-SE trending Gölmarmara Fault, which consists of the 7 km-long İsmetpaşa and 11 km-long Hacıbaştanlar segments, has 26 drainage basins and 23 triangular facets in its footwall. Morphometric analyses (S_mf, V_f, AF, HI, Shp, S_L, Slip Rate) based on the digital elevation model were performed for these structures. According to combined results of our morphometry and field studies, the İsmetpaşa Segment has higher uplift and activity than the Hacıbaştanlar Segment, and they are linked by a relay ramp developing during the evolution of a complete fault zone. It can be said that the Gölmarmara Fault, which was found to have passed through 3 phases from its formation to the present day, is an en-echelon fault similar to when it formed. Morphometric indices and field data indicate that the Gölmarmara Fault is composed of medium-highly-active dip-slip normal fault segments and may cause earthquakes with a magnitude of M_w: 6.4. The Gölmarmara Fault, consisting of 2 geometric and 1 seismic segment, has uplift rate ranging from 0.179 to 0.518 mm/year (increasing at the center, and decreasing at the tips of the fault). These values are similar to uplift rates calculated for other active normal faults in the Gediz Graben.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gediz Graben System,Gölmarmara Fault,Active tectonics,Tectonic geomorphology,Morphometry,Western Anatolia

Gölmarmara Fayı’nın Morfotektonik Evriminin CBS Tabanlı Yöntemlerle Araştırılması, Gediz Grabeni, Batı Anadolu

Öz

Gölmarmara Havzası, antitetik/sintetik normal fay basamakları ile denetlenen ve bir seri horst-graben sistemi olarak tanımlanan Batı Anadolu Genişleme Bölgesi’ndeki Gediz Grabeni’nin en kuzeydeki bölümünü oluşturur. Bu bölümün jeolojisi iyi bilinmesine rağmen, aktif tektonik ve jeomorfoloji çalışmaları açısından yeteri kadar incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, havzanın güney sınırını oluşturan Gölmarmara Fayı’nın segment bazında tanımlanarak Kuvaterner dönem aktivitesini ve yapısal evrimini ortaya koymaktır.

7 km uzunluğundaki İsmetpaşa ve 11 km uzunluğundaki Hacıbaştanlar segmentlerinden oluşan KB-GD uzanımlı Gölmarmara Fayı, taban bloğunda 26 drenaj havzasına ve 23 üçgen yüzey morfolojisine sahiptir. Bu yapılar üzerinde, sayısal yükseklik modeli temelli morfotektonik analizler (S_mf, V_f, AF, HI, Shp, S_L, Yükselim Oranı) yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar arazi verileri ile birlikte değerlendirilerek İsmetpaşa Segmenti’nin Hacıbaştanlar Segmenti’ne göre daha hızlı yükselime ve aktiviteye sahip olduğu ve bu iki segmentin, fay zonunun gelişimi sırasında bir aktarım rampasıyla birbirine bağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Oluşumundan günümüze kadar 3 yapısal evreden geçen Gölmarmara Fayı’nın ilk evresinde kademeli (en-echelon) nitelikli faylardan oluştuğu söylenebilir. Morfometrik indisler ve saha verileri, Gölmarmara Fayı’nın orta-yüksek derecede aktif, eğim atımlı normal fay segmentlerinden meydana geldiğini ve M_w:6,4 büyüklüğünde depremler oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir. Geometrik olarak 2, sismik açıdan ise 1 segmentten oluşan Gölmarmara Fayı için, 0,179 ila 0,518 mm/yıl arasında değişen (fayın merkezinde artan, uç kısımlarında azalan) yükselim oranı hesaplanmıştır. Bu değerler Gediz Grabeni bölgesinde bulunan diğer aktif faylardaki yükselim hızı miktarları ile benzerlik göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gediz Graben Sistemi,Gölmarmara Fayı,Batı Anadolu,Aktif tektonik,Tektonik jeomorfoloji,Morfometri,Batı Anadolu

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