Güneydoğu Türkiye’deki Paleozoyik İstiflerinin Sekans Stratigrafisi, Sedimantolojisi ve Hidrokarbon Potansiyeli

Öz

Bu çalışmada sekans stratigrafisinin tüm kurallarının eksiksiz bir şekilde uygulanması, farklı jeolojik işlemlerle oluşan aşınma ve transgresyon yüzeylerinin özelliklerinin anlaşılması sonucu Gondwana Kıtası’nın kuzeyini oluşturan Güneydoğu Türkiye’nin stratigrafik istifleri, hidrokarbon yönünden zengin Suudi Arabistan’ın aynı yaş aralığındaki istifleri ile kolayca ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar sonunda yeni formasyonlar ve üyeler tanımlanmış, tektonik veya buzul kökenli aşınma yüzeyleri yardımıyla bazı formasyonların sınırları değiştirilmiştir. Neoproterozoyik kristalin temel (Telbesmi Formasyonu) ile Erken Ordovisiyen (Konur Formasyonu) arasında uzanan stratigrafik istif Derik İlçesi’nin yakınındaki Zabuk Vadisi boyunca kesintisiz olarak temsil edilmiştir. Orta-Geç Ordovisiyen yaşlı stratigrafik istif Kızıltepe İlçesinin batısındaki Bedinan (Gürmeşe) ile Yurteri köyleri arasında tüm açıklığı ile korunmuştur. Erken Siluriyen (Dadaş Formasyonu) ile Geç Permiyen-Erken Triyas (Gomanibrik Formasyonu) arasında uzanan stratigrafik istif Hazro ilçesinin kuzeybatısında temsil edilmiştir. Yukarıda sayılan bölgelerde çok sayıda stratigrafik ve sedimantolojik kesit ölçülmüş yaş tayinleri için denizel şeyl fasiyeslerinden, rezervuar potansiyellerini ortaya çıkarmak için kumtaşlarından örnekler alınmıştır. Orta Kambriyen yaşlı stromatolitik algli kireçtaşları (Koruk Formasyonu) potansiyel kaynak kaya ve rezervuar kaya olma özelliklerine sahiptir. Erken Ordovisiyen yaşlı Konur Formasyonu’nun deltayik kumtaşları yeni bir hazne kaya potansiyeli oluşturur. Bedinan Formasyonu’nu derince kazan buzul kökenli Yurteri Formasyonunun buzul-fluviyal kumtaşlarından bu bölgede ve Gondwana kıtası üzerindeki tüm ülkelerde önemli miktarlarda petrol ve gaz üretimi yapılmaktadır. Siluriyen yaşlı Dadaş Formasyonu’nun tabanındaki organik maddece zengin şeyller tüm Paleozoyik istifleri için verimli bir kaynak kaya oluşturur. Geç Siluriyen yaşlı Hazro Kumtaşından uzun süredir petrol üretimi yapılmaktadır. Yeni açılacak arama kuyularının lokasyonlarının sağlıklı bir şekilde tespit edilebilmesi için hidrokarbon potansiyeline sahip tüm formasyonların çökelme ortamları göz önünde bulundurularak, onların kaynak ve rezervuar kayaları için fasiyes ve izopak haritalarının hazırlanması ve özellikle, kaynak kayasında oluşan hidrokarbonların potansiyel rezervuar fasiyesine olan göç yollarının belirlenmesi arama ve üretimden sorumlu jeoloğun en önemli görevlerindendir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gondwana buzullaşma dönemleri
• Hidrokarbon potansiyeli
• Kaynak kaya
• Örtü kaya
• Paleozoyik istifleri
• Rezervuar kaya

Sequence Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Hydrocarbon Potentials of the Paleozoic Successions in Southeast Turkey

Öz

The hydrocarbon potentials of the carbonates and siliciclastic rocks forming the continuous Paleozoic successions in Southeast Turkey are well understood. In this study, every aspect of the sequence stratigraphy was investigated and the erosional unconformity surfaces of different origin and transgressive surfaces were defined. In this way, the Paleozoic successions of Southeast Turkey were correlated with the hydrocarbon-producing Paleozoic successions of Saudi Arabia. Based on fieldwork, new formations and members were defined and formation boundaries were slightly modified. The stratigraphic sequence extending between the Neoproterozoic igneous basement (Telbesmi Formation) and the Early Ordovician (Konur Formation) is best represented along Zabuk Valley (Derik town). Middle-Late Ordovician successions are exposed between Bedinan (Gürmeşe) and Yurteri villages, west of Kızıltepe town. The stratigraphic sequence between the Early Silurian (Dadaş Formation) and Late Permian-Early Triassic (Gomanibrik Formation) is represented northwest of Hazro town. In these areas, many stratigraphic and sedimentologic sections were measured, and shale and sandstone samples were collected for palynological and petrographic examination to evaluate their reservoir quality. The outcrops and subsurface indicated that the thick Middle Cambrian stromatolitic algal limestone (Koruk Formation) has both source rock and reservoir rock potentials. The glaciogenic Yurteri Formation has deeply incised into the Bedinan Formation. The well-sorted and porous glaciofluvial sandstones produce oil and gas in southeast Turkey and other countries located on the Gondwana continent. The organic rich shale deposited at the base of the Silurian Dadaş Formation forms a very productive source rock for the entire Paleozoic successions. Crude oil has been produced from the Late Silurian Hazro sandstone. In order to locate exploration wells in the right place, depositional environment models of all the formations, their lithofacies, isopach maps and hydrocarbon migration pathways were prepared. This is crucial for geological exploration and oil and gas production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cap rock
• Gondwana glaciation
• hydrocarbon potentials
• source rock
• Paleozoic successions
• reservoir rock

Kaynakça

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