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Stratigraphic Evolution of the Midyan Basin and its Hydrocarbon Potential (NW Saudi Arabia)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 64 Sayı: 1, 1 - 40, 17.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.663574

Öz

The hydrocarbon-producing Midyan Basin is located in northwestern Saudi Arabia and is surrounded by the Proterozoic igneous basement of the Arabian Shield. It includes thick hydrocarbon-producing sedimentary sequences deposited in half-grabens that formed during rifting of the Red Sea and the gulfs of Suez and Aqaba in the Early Miocene (23.3 Ma). The early syn-rift succession consists of arid alluvial fan sediments and playa evaporates, followed by shallow marine carbonates. The late syn-rift sequences consist of progradational deep sea turbidites and Alpine-type glacial deposits indicating strong vertical uplift during the climax of the rifting (19 Ma). The post-rift succession overlies the late syn-rift successions and consist of shallow marine marls and evaporites. The aim of this study is to examine the hydrocarbon potential of the turbidite sandstones and the formation of various types of glacial deposits in the Burqan Formation. This study also encompasses the importance of various geologic processes in order to understand their significant influence on the geometry, continuity and reservoir quality of oil and gas producing genetically different sandstones in the subsurface of the Burqan Formation in the Midyan Basin. The Alpine-type glacial deposits provide an excellent opportunity to study the presence of continuous vertical and lateral facies variations between true glacial, glacio-fluvial and glacio-marine deposits in the direction of sediment transportation. Unsorted moraines deposited in the deep and U-shaped glacial valleys occupy the northwestern part of the basin. They pass gradually into glacio-fluvial sandstones that contain large polished and striated boulders. In the southeastern part of the deep basin, the glacio-marine deposits are associated with deep sea turbidites and pelagic shales. Many stratigraphic and sedimentologic sections were measured from well-exposed outcrops in every part of the basin to establish various depositional environments. A large number of sandstone samples was collected to examine their reservoir quality.

Teşekkür

A large part of this study was carried out when the first author was employed for 30 years as Senior Geological Consultant at Saudi Aramco of Saudi Arabia and recently in Turkish Petroleum. We are grateful to these organizations for providing us with all the necessary facilities both in the field and in the office. We greatly acknowledge Prof. Dr. Nizamettin Kazancı, Prof. Dr. Cemal Göncüoğlu, Prof. Dr.Graham Evans and Prof. Dr. M.Namık Yalçın who kindly read and edited the paper by making some corrections and valuable suggestions. Some figures were drafted by Dr. Murat Şentürk and Mahir Kaya. We appreciate their contributions.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Laboun, A., 2012. Did glaciers exist during Pleistocene in the Midyan region northwest corner of the Arabian Peninsula? Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 5(6), 1333-1339.
  • Al-Laboun, A., Al-Quraishi, A., Zaman H. & Benaafi, M., 2014. Reservoir characterization of the Burqan Formation sandstone from Midyan Basin, northwestern Saudi Arabia. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 23(2), 204-214.
  • Al-Ramadan, K, Dogan, U. & Şenalp, M., 2013. Sedimentology and diagenesis of the Miocene Nutaysh Member of the Burqan Formation in the Midyan area (northwestern Saudi Arabia). Geological Quarterly, 57(1), 165–174.
  • Alsharhan, A.A., 2003. Petroleum Geology and potential hydrocarbon plays in the Gulf of Suez rift basin, Egypt. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 87(1), 143-180.
  • Alsharhan, A. & Nairn, A., 1997. Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology of the Middle East. Amsterdam, Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-82465-3.X5000-1.
  • Clark, M.D., 1986. Explanatory notes to the geologic map of the Al-Bad’ Quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Geoscience Map Series GM81A scale 1:250.000 sheet, 28A. Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, 46 p.
  • Dullo, W.C., Hotzl, H. & Jado, R.A., 1983. New stratigraphical results from the Tertiary Sequence of the Midyan area, NW Saudi Arabia. Newsletter Stratigraphy, 12(2), 75-83.
  • Evans, A.L., 1988. Neogene tectonic and stratigraphic events in the Gulf of Suez rift area, Egypt. Tectonophysics, 153, 235-247.
  • Eyles, N., 1993. Earth’s glacial record and its tectonic setting. Earth-Science Reviews, 35, 1-248.
  • Eyles, N., 2004. Frozen in time: concepts of ‘global glaciation’ from 1837 (die Eiszeit) to 1998 (the Snowball Earth). Geoscience Canada, 31, 157-166.
  • Eyles, N.K., 2006. The role of meltwater in glacial processes. Sedimentary Geology, 190(1-4), 257–268.
  • Eyles, N. & Januszczak, N., 2004a. ‘Zipper-rift’: a tectonic model for Neoproterozoic glaciations during the breakup of Rodinia after 750 Ma. Earth-Science Reviews, 65, 1-73.
  • Eyles, N. & Januszczak, N., 2004b. Interpreting the Neoproterozoic glacial record: the importance of tectonics. In G.S. Jenkins, M.A.S. McMenamin, C.P. McKey & L. Sohl (Eds.), The Extreme Proterozoic: Geology, Geochemistry, and Climate. Geophysical Monograph 146 (125-144). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
  • Eyles, N. & Januszczak, N., 2007. Syntectonic subaqueous mass flows of the Neoproterozoic Otavi Group, Namibia: where is the evidence of global glaciation?. Basin Research, 19, 179-198.
  • Eyles, C.H., Eyles, N. & Miall, A.D., 1985. Models of glacio-marine sedimentation and their application to the interpretation of ancient glacial sequences. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 51, 15-84.
  • Gardner, W.C., Khan, M.A. & Al-Hinai, K.G., 1996. Interpretation of Midyan and Sinai geology from a Landsat TM image. Arabian Journal Science, 21(4A), 571-586.
  • Garfunkel, Z., 1988. Relation between continental rifting and uplifting: evidence from the Suez rift and northern Red Sea. Tectonophysics, 150, 33–49.
  • Garfunkel, Z. & Bartov, Y., 1977. The tectonics of the Suez rift. Geological Survey of Israel Bulletin, 71, 1-44.
  • Hirst, J.P.P., Benbakir, A., Payne, D.F. & Westlake, I.R., 2002. Tunnel valleys and density flow processes in the upper Ordovician glacial succession, Illizi Basin, Algeria: influence on reservoir quality. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 25, 297-324.
  • Hughes, G.W. & Filatoff, J., 1995. New biostratigraphic constraints on Saudi Arabian Red Sea pre-and syn-rift sequences. In M.I. Al-Husseini (Ed.), Middle East Petroleum Geosciences GEO’94 (517-528). Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain, 2.
  • Hughes, G.W. & Johnson, R.S., 2005. Lithostratigraphy of the Red Sea Region. GeoArabia, 10(3). 49-129.
  • Le Heron, D.P., Craig, J. & Etienne, J.L., 2009. Ancient glaciations and hydrocarbon accumulations in North Africa and the Middle East. Earth-Science Reviews, 93(3-4) 47-76.
  • Le Heron, D.P., Armstrong, H.A., Wilson, C., Haward, J.P. & Gindre, L., 2010. Glaciation and deglaciation of the Libyan desert: the Late Ordovician record. Sedimentary Geology, 223, 100-125.
  • Matthew, R.B., Doyle, P. & Mather, A.E., 1996. Dropstones: their origin and significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 121(3-4), 331-339.
  • Molnia, B.F., 2004. Glossary of Glacier Terminology: A glossary providing the vocabulary necessary to understand the modern glacier environment: U.S. Geol Surv Open-File Rep 1216 p.
  • Motti, E., Teixido, L., Vazquez-Lopez, R. & Vial, A., 1982. Magna Massif Area: Geology and Mineralization: Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, BRGM-OF-02-16, 44 p.
  • Rasul, N.M.A. & Stewart, I.C.F., (Ed.). 2018. Geological Setting, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Red Sea. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99408-6
  • Schack Pedersen, S.A., 2012. Glaciodynamic sequence stratigraphy. In M. Huuse, J. Redfern, D. Le Heron, R.J. Dixon, A. Moscarıello & J. Craig (Eds.), Glaciogenic Reservoirs and Hydrocarbon Systems (29-51). Geological Society Special Publication, 29-51.
  • Şenalp, M., 2006a. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Paleozoic Successions in Saudi Arabia, (Volume 1). Upstream Ventures Department of Saudi Aramco.
  • Şenalp, M., 2006b. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Paleozoic Successions in Saudi Arabia, (Volume 2). Upstream Ventures Department of Saudi Aramco.
  • Şenalp, M., 2016. Kızıl Denizin açılımı ve Midyan Havzası’nın stratigraphic evrimi (KB Suudi Arabistan). Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Bülteni, 28, 19-58.
  • Şenalp, M. & Al-Laboun, A., 2000. New Evidence on the Late Ordovician Glaciation in Central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Aramco Journal of Technology, 11-40.
  • Şenalp, M., Bahtiyar, I., Isıkalp, U., Uz, E. & Kaya, M. 2018. Sequence Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Paleozoic Successions on the Arabian Platform and Their Impact to Hydrocarbon Explorations in Southeast Turkey. Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists, 396 p.
  • Stern, R.J. & Johnson, P., 2010. Continental Lithosphere of the Arabian Plate; a Geologic, Petrologic, and Geophysical Synthesis. Earth Science Reviews, 101, 29-67.
  • van der Vegt, P., Janszen, P. & Moscarifello, A., 2012. Tunnel valleys: current knowledge and future perspectives. In M. Huuse, J. Redfern, D. Le Heron, R.J. Dixon, A. Moscariello, J. Craig (Eds.), Glaciogenic Reservoirs and Hydrocarbon Systems (pp. 75-97). Geological Society Special Publication. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP368

Midyan Havzası’nın Stratigrafik Evrimi ve Hidrokarbon Potansiyeli (KB Suudi Arabistan)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 64 Sayı: 1, 1 - 40, 17.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.663574

Öz

Önemli miktarlarda hidrokarbon üretiminin yapıldığı Midyan Havzası, Suudi Arabistan’nın kuzeybatısında yer alır ve Arap Kalkanı olarak bilinen Proterozoyik yaşlı kristalin temel tarafından çevrilmiştir. Bu havza, Erken Miyosende (23,03 My) Kızıldeniz, Süveyş ve Akabe Körfezleri’nin açılması ile oluşmuş yarı-grabenlerde çökelmiş petrol ve doğal gaz potansiyelleri yüksek kalın sedimanter istifler içerir. Açılmanın erken aşamasında çökelen istifler, karasal alüvyon yelpazesi çökelleri, playa evaporitleri ve bunların üzerine gelen bol fosilli sığ deniz karbonatlarından oluşur. Midyan Havzası’nın Erken Burdigaliyen zamanında derinleşmesi nedeniyle, sığ deniz karbonatları üzerine uyumlu olarak Burqan Formasyonu’nun derin deniz yelpazeleri içindeki hidrokarbon üretiminin yapıldığı klasik türbidit istifleri gelir. Kızıldeniz, Süveyş ve Akabe Körfezleri açılmasının en etkili oduğu zirve döneminde (yaklaşık, 19 My) Sina Yarımadası düşey yönde 4 kilometreden daha fazla yükselmiş ve yüksek dağ zirvelerinde Alp-tipi buzul çökelleri oluşmuştur. Açılmanın geç ve son aşamasını temsil eden istifler sığ deniz ortamında çökelmiş marnlar ve evaporitlerle temsil edilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Burqan Formasyonu içindeki türbidit istiflerinin hidrokarbon potansiyellerini ortaya çıkarmak ve değişen iklim koşullarını temsil eden buzul çökellerinin farklı fasiyeslerini incelemektir. Arazide ölçülmüş sedimantolojik kesitler yardımıyla farklı jeolojik süreçlerin, Burqan Formasyonu içindeki petrol ve gaz rezervuarını oluşturan kökensel yönden farklı kumtaşlarının geometrileri, devamlılıkları ve rezervuar kaliteleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sina Yarımadası üzerinde oluşan Alp-tipi buzul çökelleri, gerçek buzul (moren), buzul-fluviyal ve buzul-denizel çökeller arasındaki düşey ve akış yönündeki yanal değişimleri anlamak için önemli bir olanak sağlar. Masif, boylanmamış morenler havzanın kuzeyindeki derin, U-şeklindeki buzul vadilerinin içinde çökelmiştir. Bu çökeller vadilerin akışı yönünde içinde cilalanmış ve çizilmiş bloklar içeren buzul-fluvial çökellere geçer. Havzanın en derin olduğu güneydoğu bölgesinde buzul-denizel çökeller pelajik şeyller ve türbiditlerle birlikte çökelmiştir. Midyan Havzası’nın, stratigrafik evrimini anlamak, çökelme ortamlarını yorumlamak ve hidrokarbon potansiyelini ortaya çıkarmak için istiflerin devamlı olduğu bölgelerde çok sayıda kesit ölçülmüş ve kumtaşlarının rezervuar özelliklerini ortaya koymak için örnekler alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Laboun, A., 2012. Did glaciers exist during Pleistocene in the Midyan region northwest corner of the Arabian Peninsula? Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 5(6), 1333-1339.
  • Al-Laboun, A., Al-Quraishi, A., Zaman H. & Benaafi, M., 2014. Reservoir characterization of the Burqan Formation sandstone from Midyan Basin, northwestern Saudi Arabia. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 23(2), 204-214.
  • Al-Ramadan, K, Dogan, U. & Şenalp, M., 2013. Sedimentology and diagenesis of the Miocene Nutaysh Member of the Burqan Formation in the Midyan area (northwestern Saudi Arabia). Geological Quarterly, 57(1), 165–174.
  • Alsharhan, A.A., 2003. Petroleum Geology and potential hydrocarbon plays in the Gulf of Suez rift basin, Egypt. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 87(1), 143-180.
  • Alsharhan, A. & Nairn, A., 1997. Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology of the Middle East. Amsterdam, Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-82465-3.X5000-1.
  • Clark, M.D., 1986. Explanatory notes to the geologic map of the Al-Bad’ Quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Geoscience Map Series GM81A scale 1:250.000 sheet, 28A. Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, 46 p.
  • Dullo, W.C., Hotzl, H. & Jado, R.A., 1983. New stratigraphical results from the Tertiary Sequence of the Midyan area, NW Saudi Arabia. Newsletter Stratigraphy, 12(2), 75-83.
  • Evans, A.L., 1988. Neogene tectonic and stratigraphic events in the Gulf of Suez rift area, Egypt. Tectonophysics, 153, 235-247.
  • Eyles, N., 1993. Earth’s glacial record and its tectonic setting. Earth-Science Reviews, 35, 1-248.
  • Eyles, N., 2004. Frozen in time: concepts of ‘global glaciation’ from 1837 (die Eiszeit) to 1998 (the Snowball Earth). Geoscience Canada, 31, 157-166.
  • Eyles, N.K., 2006. The role of meltwater in glacial processes. Sedimentary Geology, 190(1-4), 257–268.
  • Eyles, N. & Januszczak, N., 2004a. ‘Zipper-rift’: a tectonic model for Neoproterozoic glaciations during the breakup of Rodinia after 750 Ma. Earth-Science Reviews, 65, 1-73.
  • Eyles, N. & Januszczak, N., 2004b. Interpreting the Neoproterozoic glacial record: the importance of tectonics. In G.S. Jenkins, M.A.S. McMenamin, C.P. McKey & L. Sohl (Eds.), The Extreme Proterozoic: Geology, Geochemistry, and Climate. Geophysical Monograph 146 (125-144). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
  • Eyles, N. & Januszczak, N., 2007. Syntectonic subaqueous mass flows of the Neoproterozoic Otavi Group, Namibia: where is the evidence of global glaciation?. Basin Research, 19, 179-198.
  • Eyles, C.H., Eyles, N. & Miall, A.D., 1985. Models of glacio-marine sedimentation and their application to the interpretation of ancient glacial sequences. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 51, 15-84.
  • Gardner, W.C., Khan, M.A. & Al-Hinai, K.G., 1996. Interpretation of Midyan and Sinai geology from a Landsat TM image. Arabian Journal Science, 21(4A), 571-586.
  • Garfunkel, Z., 1988. Relation between continental rifting and uplifting: evidence from the Suez rift and northern Red Sea. Tectonophysics, 150, 33–49.
  • Garfunkel, Z. & Bartov, Y., 1977. The tectonics of the Suez rift. Geological Survey of Israel Bulletin, 71, 1-44.
  • Hirst, J.P.P., Benbakir, A., Payne, D.F. & Westlake, I.R., 2002. Tunnel valleys and density flow processes in the upper Ordovician glacial succession, Illizi Basin, Algeria: influence on reservoir quality. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 25, 297-324.
  • Hughes, G.W. & Filatoff, J., 1995. New biostratigraphic constraints on Saudi Arabian Red Sea pre-and syn-rift sequences. In M.I. Al-Husseini (Ed.), Middle East Petroleum Geosciences GEO’94 (517-528). Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain, 2.
  • Hughes, G.W. & Johnson, R.S., 2005. Lithostratigraphy of the Red Sea Region. GeoArabia, 10(3). 49-129.
  • Le Heron, D.P., Craig, J. & Etienne, J.L., 2009. Ancient glaciations and hydrocarbon accumulations in North Africa and the Middle East. Earth-Science Reviews, 93(3-4) 47-76.
  • Le Heron, D.P., Armstrong, H.A., Wilson, C., Haward, J.P. & Gindre, L., 2010. Glaciation and deglaciation of the Libyan desert: the Late Ordovician record. Sedimentary Geology, 223, 100-125.
  • Matthew, R.B., Doyle, P. & Mather, A.E., 1996. Dropstones: their origin and significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 121(3-4), 331-339.
  • Molnia, B.F., 2004. Glossary of Glacier Terminology: A glossary providing the vocabulary necessary to understand the modern glacier environment: U.S. Geol Surv Open-File Rep 1216 p.
  • Motti, E., Teixido, L., Vazquez-Lopez, R. & Vial, A., 1982. Magna Massif Area: Geology and Mineralization: Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, BRGM-OF-02-16, 44 p.
  • Rasul, N.M.A. & Stewart, I.C.F., (Ed.). 2018. Geological Setting, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Red Sea. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99408-6
  • Schack Pedersen, S.A., 2012. Glaciodynamic sequence stratigraphy. In M. Huuse, J. Redfern, D. Le Heron, R.J. Dixon, A. Moscarıello & J. Craig (Eds.), Glaciogenic Reservoirs and Hydrocarbon Systems (29-51). Geological Society Special Publication, 29-51.
  • Şenalp, M., 2006a. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Paleozoic Successions in Saudi Arabia, (Volume 1). Upstream Ventures Department of Saudi Aramco.
  • Şenalp, M., 2006b. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Paleozoic Successions in Saudi Arabia, (Volume 2). Upstream Ventures Department of Saudi Aramco.
  • Şenalp, M., 2016. Kızıl Denizin açılımı ve Midyan Havzası’nın stratigraphic evrimi (KB Suudi Arabistan). Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Bülteni, 28, 19-58.
  • Şenalp, M. & Al-Laboun, A., 2000. New Evidence on the Late Ordovician Glaciation in Central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Aramco Journal of Technology, 11-40.
  • Şenalp, M., Bahtiyar, I., Isıkalp, U., Uz, E. & Kaya, M. 2018. Sequence Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Paleozoic Successions on the Arabian Platform and Their Impact to Hydrocarbon Explorations in Southeast Turkey. Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists, 396 p.
  • Stern, R.J. & Johnson, P., 2010. Continental Lithosphere of the Arabian Plate; a Geologic, Petrologic, and Geophysical Synthesis. Earth Science Reviews, 101, 29-67.
  • van der Vegt, P., Janszen, P. & Moscarifello, A., 2012. Tunnel valleys: current knowledge and future perspectives. In M. Huuse, J. Redfern, D. Le Heron, R.J. Dixon, A. Moscariello, J. Craig (Eds.), Glaciogenic Reservoirs and Hydrocarbon Systems (pp. 75-97). Geological Society Special Publication. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP368
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler - Articles
Yazarlar

Muhittin Şenalp 0000-0003-2144-0091

Sema Tetiker 0000-0001-5158-7364

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 25 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 64 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Şenalp, M., & Tetiker, S. (2021). Stratigraphic Evolution of the Midyan Basin and its Hydrocarbon Potential (NW Saudi Arabia). Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 64(1), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.663574
AMA Şenalp M, Tetiker S. Stratigraphic Evolution of the Midyan Basin and its Hydrocarbon Potential (NW Saudi Arabia). Türkiye Jeol. Bült. Ocak 2021;64(1):1-40. doi:10.25288/tjb.663574
Chicago Şenalp, Muhittin, ve Sema Tetiker. “Stratigraphic Evolution of the Midyan Basin and Its Hydrocarbon Potential (NW Saudi Arabia)”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 64, sy. 1 (Ocak 2021): 1-40. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.663574.
EndNote Şenalp M, Tetiker S (01 Ocak 2021) Stratigraphic Evolution of the Midyan Basin and its Hydrocarbon Potential (NW Saudi Arabia). Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 64 1 1–40.
IEEE M. Şenalp ve S. Tetiker, “Stratigraphic Evolution of the Midyan Basin and its Hydrocarbon Potential (NW Saudi Arabia)”, Türkiye Jeol. Bült., c. 64, sy. 1, ss. 1–40, 2021, doi: 10.25288/tjb.663574.
ISNAD Şenalp, Muhittin - Tetiker, Sema. “Stratigraphic Evolution of the Midyan Basin and Its Hydrocarbon Potential (NW Saudi Arabia)”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 64/1 (Ocak 2021), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.663574.
JAMA Şenalp M, Tetiker S. Stratigraphic Evolution of the Midyan Basin and its Hydrocarbon Potential (NW Saudi Arabia). Türkiye Jeol. Bült. 2021;64:1–40.
MLA Şenalp, Muhittin ve Sema Tetiker. “Stratigraphic Evolution of the Midyan Basin and Its Hydrocarbon Potential (NW Saudi Arabia)”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, c. 64, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 1-40, doi:10.25288/tjb.663574.
Vancouver Şenalp M, Tetiker S. Stratigraphic Evolution of the Midyan Basin and its Hydrocarbon Potential (NW Saudi Arabia). Türkiye Jeol. Bült. 2021;64(1):1-40.

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