Ayhan Havzası’nın (Orta Anadolu) Litolojik Haritalaması ve Jeolojik Çıkarımlar: Bir Uzaktan Algılama ve Arazi Çalışması Entegrasyonu

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 64 Sayı: 3, 309 - 348, 06.08.2021

Ayten Koç

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.913294

Öz

Afrika ve Avrasya plakalarının Kretase’den bu yana devam eden yakınsamalı hareketine bağlı olarak Doğu Akdeniz’de gelişen dalma-batma zonlarının anlaşılmasında, anahtar alanlardan biri olan Orta Anadolu Kristalen Kompleksi (OAKK); metamorfik kayaçları, ofiyolitleri ve magmatik sokulumları ile Türkiye’de görülen en büyük metamorfik komplekstir.

Çalışma alanı olarak belirlenen Ayhan Havzası, OAKK üzerinde gelişmiş ve havza dolgusu Paleosen’den Kuvaterner’e kadar açısal uyumsuzluklar ile kesintiye uğramış sıyrılma üstü (supra-detachment) gelişen bir havzadır ve havzanın Paleosen’den günümüze kadar bölgeyi etkileyen tektonik mekanizmalara ait tüm jeolojik kayıtları içermesi beklenmektedir. Ayhan Havzası’nın yapısal unsurlar ile iyi tanımlanmış bir litoloji haritasının oluşturulması, Ayhan Havzası’nın jeolojik evrimini anlamak ve ayrıca OAKK’yı deforme eden tetik mekanizmalarının konumsal ve zamansal etkilerinin belirlenmesi açısından çok önemlidir. Bu amaçla, çizgiselliklerin ve farklı yansıma değerlerine sahip litolojik birimlerin belirlenmesinde, yaygın bir uygulamaya sahip olan optik uydu görüntüleri (Landsat TM ve ASTER) işleme teknikleri (pankromatik keskinleştirmesi, yeniden örnekleme, temel bileşenler analizi, dekorelasyon germesi ve bant kombinasyonu) kullanılmıştır. Sonrasında ise arazi doğrulaması yapılarak havzanın litostratigrafisi ve detaylı jeoloji haritası oluşturulmuştur.

Arazi gözlemleri ve uzaktan algılama çalışmaları ile yeniden düzenlenen stratigrafi ve jeoloji haritası değerlendirildiğinde, Ayhan Havzası Lütesiyen öncesi karasal çökeller ile başlayan, Eosen’de denizel çökeller ile devam eden ve sonrasında ise yine karasal depolanma ile son bulan bir depolanma sistemine sahiptir. Deformasyon süreçleri, Anadolu Kristalen Kompleksi’nin (OAKK) oluşumunda etkin olan tetik mekanizmaları çerçevesinde değerlendirildiğinde ise OAKK’nın kuzeyi ve güneyi arasında farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Buna göre, OAKK’nın kuzeyinde ve güneyinde bulunan dalma-batma zonlarının etki alanlarının sınırı Çiçekdağ ve Ayhan Havzaları arasında bir konumda bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uzaktan Algılama, Landsat TM, ASTER, Orta Anadolu, Kırşehir Bloğu, Ayhan Havzası

Destekleyen Kurum

Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü (BAP)

Proje Numarası

FHD-2018-6824

Teşekkür

Bu makale, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü FHD-2018-6824 no’lu proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Yazar AK, 2018-2019 yaz döneminde yapılan arazi çalışmalarına vermiş olduğu destekten dolayı Kemal KOÇ’a özel teşekkürlerini belirtmektedir.

Lithological Mapping of the Ayhan Basin (Central Anatolia) and Geological Implications: An Integration of Remote Sensing Study and Field Survey.

Öz

The Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC), consisting of metamorphic rocks, ophiolites, and magmatic intrusions, is the largest metamorphic complex in Turkey. It is also one of the key areas for reconstruction of the subduction zones, accommodating the Africa-Europe convergence since the Cretaceous in the Eastern Mediterranean.

The Ayhan Basin, chosen as the study area, is a supra-detachment basin that developed on the CACC. It has basin infill with an age ranging from Paleocene to Quaternary, interrupted by angular unconformities, and is expected to contain the whole geological record of tectonic mechanisms which have affected the region from Paleocene to Recent times. Producing a well-defined lithological map showing the structural elements of the basin is very important to understand the geological evolution of the Ayhan Basin and also to determine the spatial and temporal effects of the triggering mechanisms which deform the CACC. For this purpose, optical satellite image (Landsat TM and ASTER) processing techniques (pan-sharpening, resampling, principal component analysis, decorrelation stretching, and band combination), which have a widespread application, were used in determination of the lineaments and lithological units, having different reflectance values. After this, detailed lithostratigraphy and geological mapping of the Ayhan Basin were created by field verification.

Considering the reconstructed stratigraphy and the geological map of the Ayhan Basin based on field observation and remotely sensed data, it has a depositional system that starts with continental deposits before Lutetian, then continues with marine sediments during the Eocene, and again ends with continental deposits. When the deformation processes are evaluated based on the trigger mechanisms of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex’s (CACC) evolution, the northern and southern part of the CACC show clearly different processes. Accordingly, the boundary of the impact zone of the subduction zones in the north and south of the CACC is located between the Çiçekdağ and Ayhan basins.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Remote Sensing, Landsat TM, ASTER, Central Anatolia, Kırşehir Block, Ayhan Basin

Proje Numarası

FHD-2018-6824

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