Heat Transfer Analysis of Active Magma Chambers Feeding Hasan Dağı Volcano and Çiftlik-Bozköy (Central Anatolia) Hidden Caldera

Yıl 2024, Yer Bilimlerinde Sayısal Modelleme / Quantitative modeling in Earth Sciences, 1 - 27

Özgür Karaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1344955

Öz

In Turkey, 78% of geothermal energy resources are located in Western Anatolia, 9% in Central Anatolia, 7% in the Marmara Region, 5% in Eastern Anatolia, and 1% in other regions. The Cappadocia region stands out as an important area where many investments have been made in recent years to increase the potential of the geothermal sector. In recent years, drilling activities were carried out in and around Hasan Dağı volcano to find and utilise geothermal energy. The most important of these was carried out by the 3S Kale Energy company in the Çiftlik-Bozköy region, where temperature values of 295 °C at a depth of 3,814 meters and 341 °C from another deeper drilling at a depth of 3,957 meters were obtained. Numerical modelling studies were carried out using data from these two individual drillings. According to the simulation results, the magma chamber (magma chamber roof), which acts as a heat source with a temperature of 600-700 °C at a depth of 7 km and/or 900-1,000 °C at a depth of 8 km, must still be actively present in the upper crust to produce these temperature values.

Magnetotelluric (MT) studies conducted in Hasan Dağı and vicinity suggest a potential magma chamber with a depth of 4-6 km and a width of approximately the same dimensions, especially in the profiles obtained towards Nigde plain. These MT studies and drilling data were evaluated together and temperature anomalies were obtained for possible drilling in and around Hasan Dağı. Accordingly, it is estimated that approximate temperature values of 120 °C at 3814 meters, 90 °C at 3,000 meters, 74 °C at 2,000 meters, and 41 °C at 1,000 meters will be obtained from geothermal drilling carried out in the flat areas located southwest of Hasan Dağı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hasan dağı, Numerical modelling, Heat transfer, Geothermal energy, Volcano, Magma

Proje Numarası

201815A203, 202015D10, 201715A215, 201715031, FCD-2023-2795, FHD-2023-2784, FYL-2022-2482

Hasan Dağı Volkanı ve Çiftlik-Bozköy (Orta Anadolu) Gömülü Kalderasını Besleyen Aktif Magma Odalarına İlişkin Isı Transferi Analizleri

Öz

Ülkemizdeki Jeotermal enerji kaynaklarının %78'i Batı Anadolu'da, %9’u İç Anadolu'da, %7’si Marmara Bölgesi’nde, %5'i Doğu Anadolu'da ve %1'i diğer bölgelerde yer almaktadır. Kapodokya bölgesi son yıllarda jeotermal sektörünün potansiyelin artırılması adına pek çok yatırımın yapıldığı önemli bir saha olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Son yıllarda Hasan Dağı ve çevresinde jeotermal enerji bulmak ve işletmek amaçlı sondaj faaliyetleri sürdürülmektedir. Bunların en önemlisi 3S Kale Enerji şirketi tarafından yürütülen çalışmalarda Çiftlik-Bozköy bölgesinde, 3.814 metre derinlikte 295 °C; diğer daha derin sondajdan 3.957 metre derinlikten 341 °C kuyu dibi sıcaklık değeri elde edilmiştir. Bu iki sondaj verisinden yararlanarak sayısal modelleme çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçlarına göre söz konusu sıcaklık değerlerini üretebilmek için 7 km derinlikte 600-700 °C ve/veya 8 km derinlikte 900-1.000 °C sıcaklığında ısı kaynağı olarak işlev gören bir magma odasının (magma odası çatısı) üst kabukta bulunması gerekmektedir.

Hasan Dağı ve çevresinde gerçekleştirilen manyetotellurik (MT) çalışmaları sonucunda özellikle Niğde düzlüğüne doğru elde edilen profillerde 4-6 km derinlikte ve yaklaşık aynı ölçülerdeki genişlikte olası bir magma odası olduğu önerilmişti. Bu MT çalışmaları ile sondaj verileri birlikte değerlendirilerek Hasan Dağı ve çevresinde muhtemel açılacak sondaj çalışmaları için çeşitli sıcaklık belirtileri elde edilmiştir. Buna göre, Hasan Dağı güneybatısında yer alan düzlük alanlarda yürütülecek jeotermal sondaj faaliyetlerinden 3.814 metrede 120 °C; 3.000 metrede 90 °C; 2.000 metrede 74 °C; 1.000 metrede 41 °C gibi yaklaşık sıcaklık değerlerinin elde edilmesi beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hasan dağı, Isı transferi, Jeotermal enerji, Volkan, Magma, Sayısal modelleme

Destekleyen Kurum

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

201815A203, 202015D10, 201715A215, 201715031, FCD-2023-2795, FHD-2023-2784, FYL-2022-2482

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi tarafından desteklenen projelerle gerçekleştirilmiştir (Proje Numaraları: 201815A203, 202015D10, 201715A215, 201715031, FCD-2023-2795, FHD-2023-2784, FYL-2022-2482). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi BAP Birimine teşekkür ederim.

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