Diyabetik ayaklı hastalarda ABO kan gruplarına göre diz üstü amputasyon ve mortalite risk değerlendirmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, majör eklem amputasyonu geçiren diyabetik hastalarda ABO kan gruplarının dağılımını değerlendirmek ve hangi kan grubunun diz üstü amputasyon (AKA) ve mortalite riskiyle ilişkili olduğunu belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya Ocak 2020 ile Ocak 2024 arasında majör alt ekstremite amputasyonu geçiren 120 diyabetik ayak hastası dahil edilmiştir. Demografik, klinik ve laboratuvar verileri elektronik hasta kayıtlarından retrospektif olarak toplanmıştır. Hastalar ABO kan grubuna göre sınıflandırılmış ve AKA sıklığı ve mortalite oranları gruplar arasında karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama yaşı 66,5 ± 11,9 yıl ve ortanca hastalık süresi 17 yıldı. AKA sıklığı A kan grubunda %46,3, B kan grubunda %54,2, AB kan grubunda %50 ve O kan grubunda %28,2 idi. AKA ve mortalite oranları O kan grubu olmayan hastalarda O kan grubu olanlara göre daha yüksekti (%28,2'ye karşı %49,4, p = 0,032 AKA için; %48,7'ye karşı %67,9, p = 0,048 mortalite için; sırasıyla). Diğer karıştırıcı faktörlerden bağımsız olarak, O kan grubunun AKA riski 3,12 kat (1/OR) daha düşüktü (OR =0,32, p = 0,049) ve mortalite riski 2,17 kat (1/HR) daha düşüktü (HR =0,46, p = 0,045). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, diyabetik ayak hastalarında amputasyon şiddetini ve mortaliteyi etkileyen potansiyel bir faktör olarak ABO kan grubunu tanımlamaktadır. O kan grubu, AKA ve mortaliteye karşı koruyucu bir etki sağlıyor gibi görünmektedir, buna karşın O olmayan gruplar, özellikle B, daha kötü sonuçlara doğru bir eğilim göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ABO kan grubu
• diyabetik ayak
• diz üstü amputasyon
• sağkalım

Risk evaluation of above-knee amputation and mortality according to ABO blood groups in patients with diabetic foot

Öz

Aims: This study aimed to assess the distribution of ABO blood groups in diabetic patients who underwent major joint amputation and to identify which blood group is related to the risk of above-knee amputation (AKA) and mortality. Methods: This retrospective study included 120 diabetic foot patients who underwent major lower-extremity amputation between January 2020 and January 2024. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were retrospectively collected from electronic patient records. Patients were stratified by ABO blood group, and the frequency of AKA and mortality rates were compared across groups. Results: The mean age of patients were 66.5 ± 11.9 years and median disease duration was 17 years. The frequency of AKA was 46.3% in blood group A, 54.2% in blood group B, 50% in blood group AB, and 28.2% in blood group O. AKA and mortality rates were higher in patients with non-O blood groups than in those with blood group O (28.2% vs. 49.4%, p = 0.032 for AKA; 48.7% vs. 67.9%, p = 0.048 for mortality; respectively). Independent of other confounders, blood group O had a 3.12-fold (1/OR) lower risk of AKA (OR =0.32, p = 0.049) and a 2.17-fold (1/HR) lower risk of mortality (HR =0.46, p = 0.045) compared to non-O blood groups. Conclusion: This study identifies ABO blood group as a potential factor influencing amputation severity and mortality in diabetic foot patients. Blood group O appears to confer a protective effect against AKA and mortality, whereas non-O groups, particularly B, show a tendency toward worse outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ABO blood group
• diabetic foot
• above-knee amputation
• survival

Kaynakça

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