Endovascular treatment of native aortic coarctation in adults: Two case reports and detailed review of the literature

Öz

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) forms 6-8% of congenital heart diseases (CHD). This narrowing typically occurs in the proximal descending aorta, close to the insertion of the patent ductus arteriosus and can be found with a number of concomitant diseases. CoA is a common cause of secondary arterial hypertension in young adults. Although CoA can be an isolated CHD, it is also commonly found in other congenital syndromes and cardiovascular anomalies. Herein this review paper we reported a brief history of management of aortic coarctation, and current treatment modalities concentrated on stent placement supported with two novel cases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aortic Coarctation
• Stent Placement
• Endovascular

Erişkinlerde aort koarktasyonunun endovasküler tedavisi: İki olgu sunumu eşliğinde detayli literatür derlemesi

Öz

Aort koarktasyonu doğuştan kalp hastalıklarının % 6-8'ini oluşturur. Koarktasyon, tipik olarak proksimal inen aortta, patent duktus arteriyozusun başlangıcına yakın bir yerde meydana gelir ve birkaç eşlik eden hastalıkla birlikte bulunabilir. Aort koarktasyonu, genç yetişkinlerde sekonder arteriyel hipertansiyonun yaygın bir nedenidir, izole bir konjenital kalp hastalığı olmasına rağmen, diğer konjenital sendromlarda ve kardiyovasküler anomalilerde de yaygın olarak bulunur. Bu derleme yazısında, aort koarktasyonunun kısa bir yönetim tarihçesini ve iki yeni vaka ile desteklenen stent yerleştirilmesine yoğunlaşan mevcut tedavi yöntemlerini bildirdik.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aort Koarktasyonu
• Stent
• Endovasküler

Kaynakça

1. 1. Keane JF, Lock JE, Fyler DC, et al. Nadas’ pediatric cardiology. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2006.
2. 2. Verheugt CL, Uiterwaal CS, Grobbee DE, Mulder BJ. Long-term prognosis of congenital heart defects: a systematic review. Int J Cardiol 2008; 131: 25–32.
3. 3. Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM et al. ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Asso- ciation Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 143–263.
4. 4. Erdem A, Akdeniz C, Sarıtas T et al. Cheatham-Platinum stent for native and recurrent aortic coarctation in children and adults: immediate and early follow-up results. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2011; 11: 441–9.
5. 5. Crafoord C, Nylin G. Congenital coarctation of the aorta and its surgical treatment. J Thorac Cardio- vasc Surg 1945; 14: 347–61.
6. 6. Gross R, Hufnagel C. Coarctation of the aorta. Experimental studies regarding its surgical correction. N Engl J Med 1945; 233: 287–93.
7. 7. Singer MI, Rowen M, Dorsey TJ. Transluminal aortic balloon angioplasty for coarctation of the aorta in the newborn. Am Heart J 1982; 103: 131–2
8. 8. Morrow WR, Smith VC, Ehler WJ, VanDellen AF, Mullins CE. Balloon angioplasty with stent implantation in experimental coarctation of the aorta. Circulation 1994; 89: 2677–83.

9. 9. Pedulla DM, Grifka RG, Mullins CE, Allen D. Endovascular stent implantation for severe re-coarctation of the aorta: case report with angiographic and 18-month clinical follow-up. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn 1997; 40: 311–4.
10. 10. Hijazi ZM, Awad SM. Pediatric cardiac interventions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2008; 1: 603–11.
11. 11. Zussman ME, Hirsch R, Herbert C, Stapleton G. Transcatheter intervention for coarctation of the aorta. Cardiol Young 2016; 26: 1563–7.
12. 12. Yetman AT, Nykanen D, McCrindle BW et al. Balloon angioplasty of recurrent coarctation: a 12- year review. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 811–6.
13. 13. Yin K, Zhang Z, Lin Y et al. Surgical Management of Aortic Coarctation in Adolescents and Adults Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 24: 430-5.
14. 14. Nguyen L, Cook SC. Coarctation of the Aorta: Strategies for Improving Outcomes. Cardiol Clin 2015; 33: 521-30.
15. 15. Kenny D, Hijazi ZM. Coarctation of the aorta: from fetal life to adulthood. Cardiol J 2011; 18: 487–95.
16. 16. Baumgarter H, Bonhoeffer P, De Groot NM et al. Task Force on the management of grown-up congenital heart diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart diseases. The Task Force on the management of congenital heart diseases of ESC en dorsed by the European Pediatric Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J 2010; 23: 2915-57.
17. 17. Feltes TF, Bacha E, Beekman RH 3rd et al.; American Heart Association Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; American Heart Association. Indications for cardiac catheterization and intervention in pediatric cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011; 123: 2607–52.
18. 18. Cardoso G, Abecasis M, Anjos R et al. Aortic coarctation repair in the adult. J Card Surg 2014; 29: 512–8.
19. 19. Sohrabi B, Jamshi P, Yaghoubi A et al. Comparison between covered and bare Cheatham-Platinum stents for endovascular treatment of patients with native post-ductal aortic coarctation. J Am Coll Cardiol Interv 2014; 7: 416-23.
20. 20. Meadows J, Minahan M, McElhinney DB et al. Intermediate out- comes in the prospective, multicenter Coarctation Of the Aorta Stent Trial (COAST). Circulation 2015; 131: 1656-64.
21. 21. Tzifa A, Ewert P, Brzezinska-Rajszys G et al. Covered Cheatham-platinum stents for aortic coarctation: early and intermediate-term results. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47: 1457–63.
22. 22. Forbes TJ, Garekar S, Amin Z et al. Procedural results and acute complications in stenting native and recurrent coarctation of the aorta in patients over 4 years of age: a multi-institutional study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007; 70: 276-85.
23. 23. Forbes TJ, Kim DW, Du W et al. Comparison of surgical, stent, and balloon angioplasty treatment of native coarctation of the aor- ta: An observational study by the CCISC (Congenital Cardiovascular Interventional Study Consortium). J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58: 2664–74.
24. 24. Rodes-Cabau J, Miro J, Dancea A et al. Comparison of surgical and transcatheter treatment for native coarctation of the aorta in patients > or = 1 year old. The Quebec Native Coarctation of the Aorta study. Am Heart J 2007; 154: 186–92.
25. 25. Bromberg BI, Beekman RH, Rocchini AP et al. Aortic aneurysm after patch aortoplas- ty repair of coarctation: A prospectiv analysis of prevalence, screening tests and risks. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 734–41.
26. 26. Walhout RJ, Lekkerkerker JC, Oron GH, Hitchcock FJ, Meijboom EJ, Bennink GB. Comparison of polytetrafluoroethylene patch aortoplasty and end-to-end anasto- mosis for coarctation of the aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126: 521–8.
27. 27. Gatzoulis MA, Swan L, Therrien J et al. Adult Congenital Heart Disease: A Practical Guide. Blackwell, Oxford, 2008.
28. 28. Toro-Salazar OH, Steinberger J, Thomas W, Rocchini AP, Carpenter B, Moller JH. Long-term follow-up of patients after coarctation of the aorta repair. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89: 541–7.
29. 29. Reich O, Tax P, Bartakova H et al. Long-term (up to 20 years) results of percutaneous balloon angioplasty of recurrent aortic coarctation without use of stents. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 2042–8.
30. 30. Egan M, Holzer RJ. Comparing balloon angioplasty, stenting and surgery in the treatment of aortic coarctation. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2009; 7: 1401–12.
31. 31. Brown ML, Burkhart HM, Connolly HM et al. Coarctation of the aorta: Lifelong surveillance is mandatory following surgical repair. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62: 1020–5.
32. 32. Pádua LM, Garcia LC, Rubira CJ, de Oliveira Carvalho PE. Stent placement versus surgery for coarctation of the thoracic aorta. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 5: 8204.
33. 33. Vanagt WY, Cools B, Boshoff DE et al. Use of Covered Cheatham-Platinum Stents in Congenital Heart Disease. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175: 102-7.
34. 34. Kische, S., D’Ancona, G., Stoeckicht, Y., Ortak, J., Elsässer, A., Ince, H. Percutaneous treatment of adult isthmic aortic coarctation: acute and long-term clinical and imaging outcome with a self-expandable uncovered nitinol stent. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8: 1799.
35. 35. Stout, KK., Daniels, CJ, Aboulhosn et al. 2018 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2019 ; 139: 698–800.
36. 36. Bruckheimer E, Dagan T, Amir G, Birk E. Covered Cheatham- Platinum stents for serial dilation of severe native aortic coarctation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2009; 74: 117–23.
37. 37. Moltzer E, Roos-Hesselink JW, Yap SC et al. Endovascular stenting for aortic (re)coarctation in adults. Neth Heart J 2010; 18: 430-6.
38. 38. Hamdan MA, Maheshwari S, Fahey JT, Hellenbrand WE. Endovascular stents for coarctation of the aorta: initial results and intermediate-term follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38: 1518-23.
39. 39. Baykan A, Demiraldi AG, Tasci O, Pamukcu O, Sunkak S, Uzum K, Sezer S, Narin N. Is Hypertension the Fate of Aortic Coarctation Patients Treated With Cheatham Platinum (CP) Stent? J Interv Cardiol 2018; 31: 244-50.
40. 40. Sulik-Gajda S, Fiszer R, Białkowski J, Chodór B, Pawlak S, Szkutnik M. Implantation of Stents for Postsurgical Recoarctation of the Aorta in Adolescents and Adults. Kardiol Pol 2017; 75: 983-9.
41. 41. Chung KF, Wenzel SE, Brozek JL et al. International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma Eur Respir J 2014; 43: 343–73
42. 42. Schneider H, Uebing A, Shore DF. Modern Management of Adult Coarctation: Transcatheter and Surgical Options J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2016; 57: 557-68.
43. 43. Tufaro V, Butera G. Chetham-platinum-covered stent, aortic coarctation, and left subclavian artery: sometimes is there one too many? Cardiol Young 2019; 29: 1302-4
44. 44. Silversides CK, Kiess M, Beauchesne L et al: Canadian Cardiovascular Society 2009 Consensus Conference on the management of adults with congenital heart disease: Outflow tract obstruction, coarctation of the aorta, tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein anomaly and Marfan’s syndrome. Can J Cardiol 2010; 26: 80–97.
45. 45. Ohkubo M, Takahashi K, Kishiro M, Akimoto K, Yamashiro Y et al: Histological findings after angioplasty using conventional balloon, radiofrequency thermal balloon, and stent for experimen- tal aortic coarctation. Pediatr Int 2004; 46: 39–47.