Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu olan ve olmayan meme kanserli bireyler arasında, travma sonrası büyümenin, depresyonun, anksiyetenin ve sosyal desteğin karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 201 - 210, 30.06.2021

Bilgen Biçer Kanat , Ayşe Gül Yılmaz Özpolat

https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.901456

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız TSSB’si olan ve TSSB’si olmayan bireyler arasında TSB, depresyon, anksiyete, sosyal desteği karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 18-65yaşlarında, Tıbbi Onkoloji Bilim Dalı polikliniğine ayaktan başvuran,en az bir yıl önce meme kanseri tanısı almış80 hasta dâhil edilmiştir. Bu hastalar Olay Etkisi Ölçeği (OEÖ), Travma Sonrası Büyüme Ölçeği(TSBÖ), Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği, Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği ve Sosyo-demografik Veri Formuile değerlendirilmiştir.
 Bulgular: OEÖ puanına göre 30 (%37.5) katılımcıda geçirilen meme operasyonu ile ilişkili TSSB olduğu değerlendirildi.TSSB olan bireylerin TSBÖ skorlarının TSSB olmayan bireylerin skorlarından anılmalı derecede (p<0.001) düşük olduğu bulundu. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizine göre, TSSB’si olmayan meme kanserli bireylerde TSBÖ skorları, OEÖ ölçeği skorlarının %10’nunu açıklıyordu; fakat TSSB’si olan meme kanserli bireylerde TSB ölçeği skorları, OEÖ skorlarını açıklamada etkili değildi. Buna ek olarak TSSB’si olan bireylerin OEÖ skorlarını açıklamada hiyerarşik modele, ASD arkadaş alt ölçeği ve HADÖ-anksiyete alt ölçeği skorları eklendiğinde açıklayıcılık %36’ya çıkıyordu.
 Sonuç: TSSB’si olan meme kanserli bireylerde TSB den önce sosyal desteği artırılmak ve bu bireylerde anksiyetenin tedavisine odaklanmak daha faydalı olabilir. Buna ek olarak TSSB’si olmayan meme kanserli bireylerde öncelikli olarak TSB gelişimini desteklemek, bu bireylerde hastalıkla ilişkili travmatik belirtilerin azaltılmasına aracılık edebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

meme kanseri, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, anksiyete, travma sonrası büyüme, sosyal destek

Comparison of posttraumatic growth, depression, anxiety and social support in breast cancer patients with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the posttraumatic growth (PTG), depression, anxiety and social security in individuals with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSS).
Material and Methods: 80 patients aged between 18 and 65, who presented to outpatient clinic of Medical Oncology Department, and who were diagnosed with breast cancer at least one year ago, were admitted to the study. These patients were assessed with the Impact of Event Scale (IES), Posttraumatic Growth Scale (PTGS), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Sociodemographic Data Collection Form.
Results: Pursuant to IES score, it was observed that 30 participants (37.5%) had PTSD related to breast operation. Posttraumatic growth scores of patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder was found to be significantly (p<0.001) lower than patients without posttraumatic stress disorder. According to hierarchical regression analysis: posttraumatic growth scale scores explain 10% of IES scores in breast cancer patients without PTSD; however, posttraumatic growth scale scores in breast cancer patients with PTSD had no influence on explaining IES scores. In addition, in the event if PSS friend subscale and HADS anxiety subscale are included in IES scores of patients with PTSD, the explanatoriness was increased to 36%.
Conclusion: Increasing social support prior to PTG in breast cancer patients with PTGS and focusing on anxiety treatment in such patients may be more beneficial. In addition, primarily supporting PTG development in breast cancer patients without PTSD may help to reduce traumatic symptoms related to disease in such patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

breast cancer, posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, social support, anxiety

Teşekkür

''Comparison of posttraumatic growth, depression, anxiety and social support in breast cancer patients with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.'' başlıklı makalemizi değerlendirmeye aldığınız için teşekkürlerimi sunarım

Kaynakça

• 1.Norman SB, Means-Christensen AJ, Craske MG et al. Associations between psychological trauma and physical illness in primary care. J Trauma Stress 2006; 19: 461–70.
• 2.Ganz PA, Desmond KA, Leedham B et al. Quality of life in long-term, disease-free survivors of breast cancer: a follow-up study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94: 39 –49.
• 3.Fobair P, Stewart SL, Chang S et al. Body image and sexual problems in young women with breast cancer. Psychooncology 2006; 15: 579 –94.
• 4.Kornblith, Powell M, Regan MM et al. Long‐term psychosocial adjustment of older vs younger survivors of breast and endometrial cancer. Psychooncology 2007; 16: 895 –903.
• 5.APA. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- IV. American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC, 1994.
• 6.Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD. Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000; 68: 748 –66.
• 7.Ozer EJ, Best SR, Lipsey TL, Weiss DS. Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 2003; 129: 52 –73
• 8.Sayed S, Iacoviello BM, Charney DS. Risk factors for the development of psychopathology following trauma. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2015; 17: 1–7.
• 9.DiGangi JA, Gomez D, Mendoza L et al. Pretrauma risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33: 728 –44.
• 10. Referans10 Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma. J Trauma Stress 1996; 9: 455 –71.
• 11.Calhoun LG, Cann A, Tedeschi RG, McMillian J. Traumatic events and generational differences in assumptions about a just world. J Soc Psychol 1998; 138: 789–91.
• 12.Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychol Inq 2004; 15: 1–18.
• 13.Wu Z, Xu J, Sui Y. Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth coexistence and the risk factors in Wenchuan earthquake survivors. Psychiatry Res 2016; 30: 49–54.
• 14. Frazier P, Tennen H, Gavian M et al. Does self-reported posttraumatic growth reflect genuine positive change? Psychol Sci 2009; 20: 912–9.
• 15.Shakespeare-Finch J, Lurie-Beck J. A meta-analytic clarification of the relationship between posttraumatic growth and symptoms of posttraumatic distress disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2014; 28: 223–9.
• 16.Ssenyonga J, Owens V, Olema DK. Posttraumatic growth, resilience, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among refugees. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2013; 82: 144–8.
• 17.Levine SZ, Laufer A, Stein E et al. Examining the relationship between resilience and posttraumatic growth. J Trauma Stress 2009; 22: 282–86.
• 18.Dekel S, Ein-Dor T, Solomon Z. Posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic distress: A longitudinal study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 2012; 4: 94–101.
• 19.Cordova MJ, Giese-Davis J, Golant M et al. Breast cancer as trauma: posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2007; 14: 308–19.
• 20.Cordova MJ, Andrykowski MA. Responses to cancer diagnosis and treatment: posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 2003; 8: 286–96.
• 21.Widows MR, Jacobsen PB, Booth-Jones M, Fields KK. Predictors of posttraumatic growth following bone marrow transplantation for cancer. Health Psychol 2005: 24: 266–73.
• 22.Mystakidou K, Tsilika E, Parpa E et al. Personal growth and psychological distress in advanced breast cancer. Breast 2008; 17: 382–6.
• 23.Koutrouli N, Anagnostopoulos F, Potamianos G. Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth in breast cancer patients: a systematic review. Women Health 2012; 52: 503–16.
• 24.Bellizzi KM, Smith AW, Reeve BB et al. Posttraumatic growth and health related quality of life in a racially diverse cohort of breast cancer survivors. J Health Psychol 2009; 15: 615–26.
• 25.Tomich PL, Helgeson VS. Is finding something good in the bad always good? Benefit finding among women with breast cancer. Health Psychol 2004; 23: 16–23.
• 26.Buyukasik-Colak C, Gundogdu-Akturk E, Bozo O. Mediating role of coping in the dispositional optimism–posttraumatic growth relation in breast cancer patients. J Psychol 2012: 146; 471–83.
• 27.Abbey G, Thompson SB, Hickish T, Heathcote D. A meta‐analysis of prevalence rates and moderating factors for cancer‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder. Psychooncology 2015: 24; 371–81.
• 28. Kangas M, Henry JL, Bryant RA. Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder following cancer. Health Psychol 2005; 24: 579–85.
• 29.Andrykowski MA, Cordova MJ, McGrath PC et al. Stability and change in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following breast cancer treatment, a 1-year follow-up. Psychooncology 2000; 9: 69–78.
• 30.Danhauer SC, Case LD, Tedeschi R et al. Predictors of posttraumatic growth in women with breast cancer. Psychooncology 2013; 22: 2676–83.
• 31.Kilic C. Posttraumatic growth: A Turkish perspective. In R. Tedeschi (Chair), International perspectives on posttraumatic growth. Symposium conducted at the 113th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC, 2005.
• 32.Dirik G, Karanci AN. Variables related to posttraumatic growth in Turkish rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2008; 15: 193–203.
• 33.Weiss DS, Marmar CR. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale—Revised. In J. P. Wilson, & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD: A handbook for practitioners. New York: Guilford Press. 1997; pp: 399–411.
• 34.Corapcioglu A, Yargic I, Geyran P, Kocabasglu N. Validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Yeni Symposium 2006; 44: 14–22.
• 35.Yıldırım, İ. Algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi, güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 1997; 13: 81–7.
• 36.Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983; 67: 361–70.
• 37.Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 1997; 8: 280–7.
• 38.Vin-Raviv N, Hillyer GC, Hershman DL et al. Racial disparities in posttraumatic stress after diagnosis of localized breast cancer: the BQUAL study. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2013; 105: 563–72.
• 39.Sears SR, Stanton AL, Danoff-Burg S. The yellow brick road and the emerald city: benefit finding, positive reappraisal coping and posttraumatic growth in women with early-stage breast cancer. Health Psychol 2003; 22: 487–97.
• 40.Morrill EF, Brewer NT, O'Neill SC et al. The interaction of post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress symptoms in predicting depressive symptoms and quality of life. Psychooncology 2008; 17: 948–53.
• 41.Wang ML, Liu JE, Wang HY et al. Posttraumatic growth and associated socio-demographic and clinical factors in Chinese breast cancer survivors. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2014; 18: 478–83.
• 42.Tamres LK, Janicki D, Helgeson VS. Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 2002; 6: 2–30.
• 43.Nakayama N, Mori N, Ishimaru S et al. Factors associated with posttraumatic growth among parents of children with cancer. Psychooncology 2016. doi: 10.1002/pon.4307
• 44.Zilberg NJ, Weiss DS, Horowitz MJ. Impact of Event Scale: a cross-validation study and some empirical evidence supporting a conceptual model of stress response syndromes. J Consult Clin Psychol 1987; 50: 407–14.
• 45.Linley PA, Joseph S. Positive change following trauma and adversity: a review. J Trauma Stress 2004; 17: 11–21.
• 46. Kolokotroni P, Anagnostopoulos F, Tsikkinis A. Psychosocial factors related to posttraumatic growth in breast cancer survivors: a review. Women Health 2014; 54: 569–92.
• 47.Bozo O, Gündogdu E, Büyükasik C. The moderating role of different sources of perceived social support on the dispositional optimism posttraumatic growth relationship in postoperative breast cancer patients. J Health Psychol 2009; 14: 1009–20.
• 48.Jim HSL, Jacobsen PB. Posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth in cancer survivorship: A review. Cancer J 2008; 14: 414–19.
• 49.Arslantas H, Ergin F. Loneliness, depression, social support and related factors in individuals between 50 and 65 years. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 2011; 14: 135–44.
• 50.Yalçın İ. Relationships Between Well-Being and Social Support: A Meta Analysis of Studies Conducted in Turkey. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2015; 26: 21–32.
• 51.Lechner SC, Zakowski SG, Antoni MH et al. Do Sociodemographic and Disease-Related Variables Influence Benefit-Finding in Cancer Patients? Psychooncology 2003; 12; 491–99