The Cross-Border Networks of Iranian Migrants in Van and the Role of These Networks in the Migration Process

Öz

The increasing number of wars, internal conflicts, economic devastation, climate-related disasters and other threats caused by risks to personal safety around the world result in the displacement of thousands of people every year. In Iran, one of the places where human rights violations are most prevalent, a large number of people also leave their country each year in search of a new life elsewhere. Having been a major source of migration for over 40 years, Iran has consequently given rise to a significant diaspora community and has led to a significant proportion of people relying on social networks for support during their migration journeys. Due to its proximity and relatively easy access, Van ranks among the top destinations preferred by Iranian migrants. It has been established that the majority of migrants arriving in Van from Iran take action with the support of these networks at every stage of the migration process. In this study, which employed qualitative research methods, the data obtained from in-depth interviews revealed that participants utilised networks to gather information on financing and the migration process before leaving Iran; upon reaching Van, a transit city, they obtained information regarding accommodation, employment and bureaucratic procedures; and regarding their ultimate goal of settling in third countries, it was found that they attempted to expedite the process through networks, received financial support, and were directed to informal channels when necessary.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Migration from Iran
• Van
• Van’s location
• Migrant networks.

Van’daki İranlı Göçmenlerin Sınır Aşan Ağları ve Ağın Göç Sürecindeki Rolü

Öz

Dünya üzerinde artan savaşlar, iç çatışmalar, ekonomik yıkımlar, iklimle ilişkili afetler ve can güvenliği tehlikesinin neden olduğu diğer tehditler, her yıl binlerce insanın yerinden olmasına neden olmaktadır. İnsan hakkı ihlallerinin en fazla yaşandığı yerlerden biri olan İran’da da her yıl çok sayıda kişi, yaşadığı ülkeyi terk ederek başka yerlerde yeni bir yaşam arayışına yönelmektedir. 40 yılı aşkın bir süredir yoğun bir şekilde göç veren İran, bu vesileyle önemli bir diaspora topluluğunun oluşmasına neden olmuş ve yaşanan göç eylemlerinde insanların çok önemli bir kısmının sosyal ağlardan destek alarak hareket etmesine yol açmıştır. Bu hareketliliklerde Van, yakın ve ulaşımın nispeten kolay olmasından dolayı İranlı göçmenlerin en fazla tercih ettiği yerlerin başında gelmektedir. İran’dan Van’a gelen göçmenlerin çoğunluğunun göç sürecinin tüm aşamalarında bu ağlardan destek alarak göç ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada derinlemesine görüşmelerle elde edilen verilerde katılımcıların İran’dan çıkmadan önce finansman ve göç sürecine ilişkin bilgi edinerek ağlardan yararlandıkları tespit edilmişken, transit kent olan Van’a ulaştıklarında barınma, iş ve bürokratik sürece dair bilgi edindikleri ve nihai hedef olan üçüncü ülkelere yerleşme konusunda ise süreci ağlar üzerinden hızlandırmaya çalıştıkları, maddi destek aldıkları, gerektiğinde gayri resmi kanallara yönlendirildikleri tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İran’dan göç
• Van
• Van’ın konumu
• Göçmen ağları.

Destekleyen Kurum

Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Yayın Etik Kurul Başkanlığı

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada araştırma ve yayın etiği ilkelerine titizlikle uyulmuştur. Araştırma sürecinde kullanılan tüm veri ve kaynaklar doğru ve eksiksiz şekilde belirtilmiş, herhangi bir intihal veya veri çarpıtma yapılmamıştır. Çalışma kapsamında göçmenlerle ilgili etik kurul onayları alınmış ve katılımcıların gönüllü onamı sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca, çıkar çatışmasına yol açabilecek herhangi bir durum bulunmamaktadır. Bu makale daha önce başka bir yerde yayımlanmamış ve eş zamanlı olarak başka bir dergide değerlendirme sürecine sunulmamıştır.

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