AB’NİN RUSYA’YA YÖNELİK YAPTIRIMLARININ EKONOMİK ETKİLERİ

Öz

Yaptırım uygulamalarının Antik Yunan'dan beri kullanıldığı bilinmektedir ve bu da yaptırım çalışmaları açısından temel bir tarihsel zemin oluşturmaktadır. Günümüzde en önemli dış politika araçlarından biri haline gelen uluslararası yaptırımlar, diplomatik baskıdan daha etkili, savaştan daha az maliyetli olduğu için yeni dünya düzeninin vazgeçilmez bir aracı olmaktadır. Rusya da uluslararası yaptırımlara maruz kalan ülkeler arasında son dönem yayılmacı politikaları nedeniyle üst sıralarda yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma ile uluslararası yaptırımların dış ticarete etkileri Avrupa Birliği’nin Rusya’ya uyguladığı yaptırımlar çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda Avrupa Birliği yaptırımları, uluslararası yaptırım literatüründen geliştirilen bir çerçevede kronolojik olarak özetlenmektedir. Ayrıca Rusya'nın Kırım'ı ilhakı sonrası 2014 yılında yürürlüğe giren Avrupa Birliği yaptırımlarının Rusya ekonomisine etkileri dış ticaret verileri ile 2007-2022 dönemi için analiz edilmektedir. Avrupa Birliği tarafından Rusya’ya uygulanan yaptırımların Rusya’nın dış ticareti üzerindeki etkisi ile Avrupa Birliği’ne genel etkisi ve Avrupa Birliği üye devletleri arasında Rusya ile en yakın ilişkide olan ve en büyük paya oransal ve hacimsel olarak sahip olan ilk üç ülke Almanya, Bulgaristan ve Litvanya için analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda yaptırımların Rusya ekonomisi ve Avrupa Birliği ile dış ticareti üzerindeki etkisinin genel olarak önemli olduğu ortaya konulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası Yaptırımlar
• Uluslararası Ticaret
• Rusya
• Avrupa Birliği

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF EU SANCTIONS AGAINST RUSSIA

Öz

It is known that sanctions have been in use since Ancient Greece, which constitutes a fundamental historical basis for the study of sanctions. Today, international sanctions have become one of the most important foreign policy tools of the new world order as they are more effective than diplomatic pressure and less costly than war. Russia ranks high among the countries subjected to international sanctions due to its recent expansionist policies. This study examines the effects of international sanctions on foreign trade within the framework of the sanctions imposed by the European Union on Russia. In this context, the European Union sanctions are summarized chronologically within a framework developed from the international sanctions literature. In addition, the effects of the European Union sanctions, which came into force in 2014 after Russia's annexation of Crimea, on the Russian economy is analyzed for the 2007-2022 period with foreign trade data. The impact of the sanctions imposed on Russia by the European Union on Russia's foreign trade and the overall impact on the European Union are analyzed for Germany, Bulgaria and Lithuania, the three countries that have the closest relations with Russia among the European Union member states and have the largest share in proportional and volume perspective. The study reveals that the impact of sanctions on the Russian economy and its foreign trade with the European Union is generally significant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• international sanctions
• international trade
• Russia
• European Union

Kaynakça

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