Teorik Makale
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Dinamik Yeteneklerin Sanatı: Sun Tzu’nun Stratejik Yaklaşımının Yönetim Teorileriyle İlişkilendirilmesi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 19, 246 - 261, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.55830/tje.1838449

Öz

Bu çalışma, Çinli filozof ve askeri stratejist Sun Tzu'nun klasik eseri "Savaş Sanatı”nı yönetim ve organizasyon perspektifinden değerlendirmektedir. Bu eser, tarih boyunca askeri liderlik, strateji ve taktikler için temel bir referans niteliği taşımıştır. Bu çalışmada, Sun Tzu’nun stratejik ilkelerini dinamik yeteneklerin algılama, yakalama ve yeniden yapılandırma süreçleriyle sistematik olarak ilişkilendirilmektedir. Sun Tzu’nun stratejik ilkelerinin dinamik yetenekler boyutlarına uyarlanması, istihbarat toplama kapasitesi, hız ve sürpriz manevra kapasitesi, araziye uyum kapasitesi, stratejik aldatma kapasitesi ve ahlaki bütünlük kapasitesi gibi bir dizi mikro-temel yeteneğin ortaya çıktığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, Sun Tzu’nun gökyüzü ve yeryüzü koşullarının doğru değerlendirilmesine, hızlı hareket ederek uygun konumlanmaya ve değişen durumlara göre taktiklerin uyarlanmasına yaptığı vurgu, dinamik yeteneklerin mikro-temellerinin genişletilmesi için kavramsal kaynak olarak ele alınmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, “Savaş Sanatı”nın liderlerin ve yöneticilerin bakış açılarını geliştirmede, etkinliklerini artırmada ve başarılarına katkı sağlamada önemli bir kaynak olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Acciarini, C., Brunetta, F., & Boccardelli, P. (2024). Strategic change: A systematic review, synthesis, and a future research agenda. European Management Review, 21(2), 284–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12668
  • Ahlstrom, D., Arregle, J. L., Hitt, M. A., Qian, G., Ma, X., & Faems, D. (2020). Managing technological, sociopolitical, and institutional change in the New Normal. Journal of Management Studies, 57(3), 411–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12569
  • Ambrosini, V., & Bowman, C. (2009). What are dynamic capabilities and are they a useful construct in strategic management? International Journal of Management Reviews, 11(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468- 2370.2008.00251.x
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  • Bellaby, R. W. (2023). The ethics of economic espionage. Ethics & International Affairs, 37(2), 116–133. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679423000138
  • Chen, M.-J., & MacMillan, I. C. (1992). Nonresponse and delayed response to competitive moves: The roles of competitor dependence and action irreversibility. Academy of Management Journal, 35(3), 539–570. https://doi.org/10.5465/256486
  • Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. (1994). Competitive attack, retaliation and performance: An expectancy-valence framework. Strategic Management Journal, 15(2), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150202
  • Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. (2012). Competitive dynamics: Themes, trends, and a prospective research platform. Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 135–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2012.660762
  • Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. (2015). Reconceptualizing competitive dynamics: A multidimensional framework. Strategic Management Journal, 36(5), 758– 775. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2245
  • Chetty, S., & Wilson, H. I. M. (2003). Collaborating with competitors to acquire resources. International Business Review, 12(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(02)00088-4
  • Collier, D., & Mahon, J. E., Jr. (1993). Conceptual “stretching” revisited: Adapting categories in comparative analysis. American Political Science Review, 87(4), 845–855.
  • Dimovski, V., Marič, M., Uhan, M., Đurica, N., & Ferjan, M. (2012). Sun Tzu's "The Art of War" and implications for leadership: Theoretical discussion. Organizacija, 45(4), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10051-012-0017-1
  • Doz, Y.L., & Kosonen, M. (2010). Embedding strategic agility: A leadership agenda for accelerating business model renewal. Long Range Planning, 43(2–3), 370–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2009.07.006
  • Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic Management Journal, 21(10-11), 1105–1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1105::AID- SMJ133>3.0.CO;2-E
  • Guo, W., Sengul, M., & Yu, T. (2020). Rivals' negative earnings surprises, language signals, and firms' competitive actions. Academy of Management Journal, 63(3), 637–659. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2018.0397
  • Helfat, C. E., Finkelstein, S., Mitchell, W., Peteraf, M. A., Singh, H., Teece, D. J., & Winter, S.G. (2007). Dynamic capabilities: Understanding strategic change in organizations. Blackwell Publishing.
  • Helfat, C. E., & Peteraf, M. A. (2015). Managerial cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 36(6), 831–850. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2247
  • Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2001). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization (4th ed.). South- Western College Publishing.
  • Ilıcak, G., & Özgül, R. (2005). Sun Tzu Savaş Sanatına göre, marka pazar stratejilerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Istanbul Kültür University, 3(1), 95– 105.
  • Karacaoğlu, Ö. C. (2009, May). İhtiyaç analizi ve delphi tekniği; öğretmenlerin eğitim ihtiyacını belirleme örneği [Paper presentation]. I. Uluslararası Türkiye Eğitim Araştırmaları Kongresi, Çanakkale, Turkey.
  • March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2.1.71
  • O’Reilly, C. A., & Tushman, M. L. (2013). Organizational ambidexterity: Past, present, and future. Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(4), 324–338. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2013.0025
  • Sengpoh, L. (2015). The competitive pricing behaviour of low cost airlines in the perspective of Sun Tzu Art of War. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 741–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.427
  • Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID- SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
  • Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640
  • Teece, D. J. (2014). The foundations of enterprise performance: Dynamic and ordinary capabilities in an (economic) theory of firms. Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(4), 328–352. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43822373
  • Tzu, S. (2018). Savaş Sanatı (P. Otkan & G. Fidan, Trans.). İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. (Original work published ca. 6th century BCE)
  • Tzu, S. (2019). Savaş Sanatı. İndigo Yayınları
  • Uhlenbruck, K., Hughes-Morgan, M., Hitt, M. A., Ferrier, W. J., & Brymer, R. (2017). Rivals' reactions to mergers and acquisitions. Strategic Organization, 15(1), 40–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127016630526
  • Vecchiato, R., & Roveda, C. (2011). Uncertainty, foresight, and strategic decision making: Evidence from leading companies. Paper presented at the 4th International Seville Conference on Future-Oriented Technology Analysis (FTA), Seville, Spain.
  • Vecchiato, R. (2012). Environmental uncertainty, foresight and strategic decision making: An integrated study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(3), 436–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.07.010 Wee, C. H., Lee, K. S., & Hidajat, B. W. (1996). Sun Tzu: War and management: Application to strategic management and thinking. Addison-Wesley.
  • Wu, W. Y., Chou, C. H., & Wu, Y. J. (2004). A study of strategy implementation as expressed through Sun Tzu's principles of war. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 104(5), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570410537480
  • Zahra, S. A., Sapienza, H. J., & Davidsson, P. (2006). Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities: A review, model and research agenda. Journal of Management Studies, 43(4), 917–955. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 6486.2006.00616.x

THE ART OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES: INTEGRATING SUN TZU'S STRATEGIC WISDOM INTO ESTABLISHED MANAGEMENT THEORIES

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 19, 246 - 261, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.55830/tje.1838449

Öz

In this study, the classic work of Chinese philosopher and military strategist Sun Tzu, "The Art of War", which has been a fundamental reference for military leadership, strategy and tactics throughout history, is evaluated from the perspective of management and organization. Specifically, Sun Tzu's strategic principles are systematically associated with the sensing, seizing and reconfiguring processes of the dynamic capabilities approach. Relating Sun Tzu’s strategic principles to the processes of dynamic capabilities allows the identification of several micro-foundational capacities, including intelligence-gathering capability, speed-and-surprise capability, terrain-adaptive capability, strategic deception capability, and moral cohesion capability. Furthermore, Sun Tzu's emphasis on uncertainty management, environmental reading, rapid positioning, and tactical adaptation provides a rich conceptual resource for expanding the micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities. As a result, this study emphasizes that "The Art of War" is an important resource in improving the perspectives of leaders and managers, increasing their effectiveness and contributing to their success.

Kaynakça

  • Acciarini, C., Brunetta, F., & Boccardelli, P. (2024). Strategic change: A systematic review, synthesis, and a future research agenda. European Management Review, 21(2), 284–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12668
  • Ahlstrom, D., Arregle, J. L., Hitt, M. A., Qian, G., Ma, X., & Faems, D. (2020). Managing technological, sociopolitical, and institutional change in the New Normal. Journal of Management Studies, 57(3), 411–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12569
  • Ambrosini, V., & Bowman, C. (2009). What are dynamic capabilities and are they a useful construct in strategic management? International Journal of Management Reviews, 11(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468- 2370.2008.00251.x
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  • Bellaby, R. W. (2023). The ethics of economic espionage. Ethics & International Affairs, 37(2), 116–133. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679423000138
  • Chen, M.-J., & MacMillan, I. C. (1992). Nonresponse and delayed response to competitive moves: The roles of competitor dependence and action irreversibility. Academy of Management Journal, 35(3), 539–570. https://doi.org/10.5465/256486
  • Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. (1994). Competitive attack, retaliation and performance: An expectancy-valence framework. Strategic Management Journal, 15(2), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150202
  • Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. (2012). Competitive dynamics: Themes, trends, and a prospective research platform. Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 135–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2012.660762
  • Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. (2015). Reconceptualizing competitive dynamics: A multidimensional framework. Strategic Management Journal, 36(5), 758– 775. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2245
  • Chetty, S., & Wilson, H. I. M. (2003). Collaborating with competitors to acquire resources. International Business Review, 12(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(02)00088-4
  • Collier, D., & Mahon, J. E., Jr. (1993). Conceptual “stretching” revisited: Adapting categories in comparative analysis. American Political Science Review, 87(4), 845–855.
  • Dimovski, V., Marič, M., Uhan, M., Đurica, N., & Ferjan, M. (2012). Sun Tzu's "The Art of War" and implications for leadership: Theoretical discussion. Organizacija, 45(4), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10051-012-0017-1
  • Doz, Y.L., & Kosonen, M. (2010). Embedding strategic agility: A leadership agenda for accelerating business model renewal. Long Range Planning, 43(2–3), 370–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2009.07.006
  • Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic Management Journal, 21(10-11), 1105–1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1105::AID- SMJ133>3.0.CO;2-E
  • Guo, W., Sengul, M., & Yu, T. (2020). Rivals' negative earnings surprises, language signals, and firms' competitive actions. Academy of Management Journal, 63(3), 637–659. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2018.0397
  • Helfat, C. E., Finkelstein, S., Mitchell, W., Peteraf, M. A., Singh, H., Teece, D. J., & Winter, S.G. (2007). Dynamic capabilities: Understanding strategic change in organizations. Blackwell Publishing.
  • Helfat, C. E., & Peteraf, M. A. (2015). Managerial cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 36(6), 831–850. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2247
  • Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2001). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization (4th ed.). South- Western College Publishing.
  • Ilıcak, G., & Özgül, R. (2005). Sun Tzu Savaş Sanatına göre, marka pazar stratejilerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Istanbul Kültür University, 3(1), 95– 105.
  • Karacaoğlu, Ö. C. (2009, May). İhtiyaç analizi ve delphi tekniği; öğretmenlerin eğitim ihtiyacını belirleme örneği [Paper presentation]. I. Uluslararası Türkiye Eğitim Araştırmaları Kongresi, Çanakkale, Turkey.
  • March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2.1.71
  • O’Reilly, C. A., & Tushman, M. L. (2013). Organizational ambidexterity: Past, present, and future. Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(4), 324–338. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2013.0025
  • Sengpoh, L. (2015). The competitive pricing behaviour of low cost airlines in the perspective of Sun Tzu Art of War. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 741–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.427
  • Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID- SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
  • Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640
  • Teece, D. J. (2014). The foundations of enterprise performance: Dynamic and ordinary capabilities in an (economic) theory of firms. Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(4), 328–352. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43822373
  • Tzu, S. (2018). Savaş Sanatı (P. Otkan & G. Fidan, Trans.). İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. (Original work published ca. 6th century BCE)
  • Tzu, S. (2019). Savaş Sanatı. İndigo Yayınları
  • Uhlenbruck, K., Hughes-Morgan, M., Hitt, M. A., Ferrier, W. J., & Brymer, R. (2017). Rivals' reactions to mergers and acquisitions. Strategic Organization, 15(1), 40–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127016630526
  • Vecchiato, R., & Roveda, C. (2011). Uncertainty, foresight, and strategic decision making: Evidence from leading companies. Paper presented at the 4th International Seville Conference on Future-Oriented Technology Analysis (FTA), Seville, Spain.
  • Vecchiato, R. (2012). Environmental uncertainty, foresight and strategic decision making: An integrated study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(3), 436–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.07.010 Wee, C. H., Lee, K. S., & Hidajat, B. W. (1996). Sun Tzu: War and management: Application to strategic management and thinking. Addison-Wesley.
  • Wu, W. Y., Chou, C. H., & Wu, Y. J. (2004). A study of strategy implementation as expressed through Sun Tzu's principles of war. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 104(5), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570410537480
  • Zahra, S. A., Sapienza, H. J., & Davidsson, P. (2006). Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities: A review, model and research agenda. Journal of Management Studies, 43(4), 917–955. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 6486.2006.00616.x
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Organizasyon ve Yönetim Teorisi
Bölüm Teorik Makale
Yazarlar

Merve Çelik Kurtuluş 0000-0003-1737-2559

Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi 21 Ocak 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 19

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik Kurtuluş, M. (2026). THE ART OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES: INTEGRATING SUN TZU’S STRATEGIC WISDOM INTO ESTABLISHED MANAGEMENT THEORIES. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Girişimcilik Dergisi, 9(19), 246-261. https://doi.org/10.55830/tje.1838449