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Kovada Gölü çevresindeki yaygın çalı türlerinin yem değerlerindeki mevsimsel değişiminin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, , 178 - 186, 29.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1124147

Öz

Bu çalışma, otlanabilen yaygın çalı türlerinin yem değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2018-2020 yıllarında Isparta’da Kovada Gölü çevresinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada çalı, çalı formunu almış ağaç ve ağaççık türlerinden oluşan 10 tür (Phillyrea latifolia, Spartium junceum, Juniperus oxycedrus, Quercus coccifera, Quercus infectoria, Coronilla emerus, Colutea melanocalyx, Fraxinus excelsior, Paliurus spina-christi ve Crataegus monogyna) kullanılmıştır. Bu türlerden her mevsim yaprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Çalışmada, kuru madde oranı (KMO), ham protein oranı (HPO), NDF, ADF, toplam sindirilebilir besin maddesi (TSBM), nispi yem değeri (NYD) ve tanen oranı belirlenmiştir.
Varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre, mevsimler ve çalı türleri arasındaki farklılık incelenen bütün özelliklerde istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. İki yıllık ortalamalara göre, mevsimler karşılaştırıldığında, en yüksek HPO, TSBM ve NYD ilkbaharda elde edilirken, mevsimler ilerledikçe azalmış, en düşük değerler kışın elde edilmiştir. En düşük kuru madde oranları, ADF ve NDF değerleri ilkbaharda elde edilmiş ve mevsimlerin ilerlemesine paralel olarak artmıştır. En düşük kondanse tanen oranları ilkbahar ve yaz mevsiminde elde edilirken en yüksek değerler kış mevsiminde tespit edilmiştir.
Türler karşılaştırıldığında ise en düşük kuru madde ve NDF oranı C. melanocalyx, ADF oranı P. spina-christi, kondanse tanen oranı P. latifolia, S. junceum, C. emerus, C. melanocalyx ve F. excelsior’da tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek HPO C. emerus, TSBM P. spina-christi ve NYD C. melanocalyx türlerinde belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak maki içerisinde yer alan çalı, çalı formunu almış ağaç ve ağaççık türlerinin yarı kurak ve kurak bölgelerde kritik dönemde geviş getiren hayvanlar için yüksek kaliteli yem olarak önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBITAK

Proje Numarası

119O744

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Emre BIÇAKÇI’nın doktora tezinden türetilmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasına 119O744 numaralı proje ile destek sağlayan TUBITAK’a teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, E., 2001. Yem Bitkileri (3. Baskı). Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayın VİPAŞ A.Ş., Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa.
  • Akyıldız, A.R., 1966. Yeşil Yemlerin Saklanması, Yedek Yemler, Ticaret Yemleri, Yemler Bilgisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Alatürk, F., Alpars, T., Gökkuş, A., Coşkun, E., Akbağ, H., 2014. Bazı türlerin besin maddesi içeriklerinin mevsimsel değişimi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 133-141.
  • Altın, M., Gökkuş, A., Koç, A. 2021. Çayır Mera Islahı (İkinci baskı). Palme Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Ankom, 2017. Ankom Technology. Analytical Procedures. http://www.ankom.com/analytical-procedures.aspx, Erişim: 02.04.2019.
  • AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington.
  • Aygün, C., Kara, İ., Hanoğlu Oral, H., Erdoğdu, İ., Atalay, A.K., Sever, A.L., 2018. Bazı çalı bitkilerinin mevsimsel (ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar) yaprak verimleri, besin madde içerikleri ve rumende parçalanma düzeyinin belirlenmesi. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 7(1): 7-17.
  • Barry, T.N., Forss, D.A., 1983. The condensed tannin content of vegetative Lotus pedunculatus, its regulation by fertilizer application, and effect upon protein solubility. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 34: 1047–1056.
  • Baytekin, H., Yurtman, İ.Y., Savaş, T., 2005. Süt keçiciliğinde kaba yem üretim organizasyonu. Süt Keçiciliği Ulusal Kongresi, 26-27 Mayıs, İzmir, s. 298-305.
  • Blair, G., Catchpoole, D., Horne, P., 1990. Forage tree legumes: Their management and contribution to the nitrogen economy of wet and humid tropical environments. Advances in Agronomy, 44: 27-54.
  • Borens, F.M.P., Poppi, D.P., 1990. The nutritive value for ruminants of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) a leguminous tree. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 28: 275-292.
  • Bouazza, L., Bodas, R., Boufennara, S., Bousseboua, H., Lopez, S., 2012. Nutritive evaluation of foliage from fodder trees and shrubs characteristic of Algerian arid and semi–arid areas. Journal Animal Feeding Science, 21: 521–536.
  • Brooker, J.D., O'donovan, L.A., Skene, I., Clarke, K., Blackall, L., Muslera, P., 1994. Streptococcus caprinus sp. nov., a tannin‐resistant ruminal bacterium from feral goats. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 18(6), 313-318.
  • Castle, M.E., 1982. Feeding High Quality Silage. Silage for Milk Production. NIRD/HRI Technical Bulletin No: 2, Reading.
  • Cevheri, A.C., Avcıoğlu, R., 1998. Bornova koşullarında 11 farklı yonca çeşidinin verim ve diğer bazı verim özellikleri üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Dökülgen, H., Temel, S., 2015. Yaprağını döken karaçalı (Palirus spina-christi Mill.) türünde yaprak ve yaprak+sürgünlerinin mevsimsel besin içeriği değişimi. Iğdır University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 5(3): 57-65.
  • Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., Gürbüz, F., 1987. Araştırma ve Deneme Metodları (İstatistik Metotları II). Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Dzowela, B.H., Hove, L., Topps, J.H., Mafongoya, P.L., 1995. Nutritional and anti–nutritional characteristics and rumen degradability of dry matter and nitrogen for some multipurpose tree species with potential for agroforestry in Zimbabwe. Animal Feeding Science Technology, 55: 207–214.
  • Frost, R.A., Wilson, L.M., Launchbaugh, K.L., Hovde, E.M., 2008. Seasonal change in forage value of rangeland weeds in Northern Idaho. Invasive Plant Science and Manage, 1(4): 343-351.
  • González‐Andrés, F., Ceresuela, J.L., 1998. Chemical composition of some Iberian Mediterranean leguminous shrubs potentially useful for forage in seasonally dry areas. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 41(2): 139-147.
  • Gökkuş, A., Özaslan Parlak, A., Hakyemez, H., Baytekin, H., Parlak, M., 2009. Maki Örtüsünde Yer Alan Bitki Türlerinin Botanik Özellikleri ile Besleme Değerlerindeki Değişimin Belirlenmesi. TÜBİTAK Proje Sonuç Raporu, Proje Numarası: 106O458, Ankara.
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Determining the seasonal change of the feed values of bush species that are common around Kovada Lake

Yıl 2022, , 178 - 186, 29.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1124147

Öz

This study was carried out in Kovada lake national park in Isparta in 2018-2020 to determine the forage values of common grazeable bush species. Ten species including bush, shrub-shaped tree and shrub species (Phillyrea latifolia, Spartium junceum, Juniperus oxycedrus, Quercus coccifera, Quercus infectoria, Coronilla emerus, Colutea melanocalyx, Fraxinus excelsior, Paliurus spina-christi ve Crataegus monogyna) were used in the study. Leaf samples were taken from these species in all seasons. In this study, dry matter (DM) ratio, crude protein (CP) ratio, NDF, ADF, total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative feed value (RFV) and tannin ratios of each species were determined.
According to the results of the analysis of variance, the difference between seasons and bush species was found to be statistically significant in all the examined characteristics.
According to the two-year averages, when the seasons are compared, the highest crude protein ratio, TDN and RFV were obtained in the spring, while they decreased as the seasons progressed, and the lowest values were obtained in the winter. The lowest dry matter ratios, ADF and NDF values were obtained in the spring and increased in parallel with the progress of the seasons. The lowest tannin ratios were obtained in spring and summer, while the highest values were determined in winter.
When the species were compared, the lowest dry matter and NDF ratio were found in C. melanocalyx, ADF ratio in P. spina-christi, and tannin ratio in P. latifolia, S. junceum, C. emerus, C. melanocalyx and F. excelsior. The highest crude protein ratio was determined in C. emerus, TDN P. spina-christi and RFV C. melanocalyx species.
Consequently, it has been seen that the bush, shrub-shaped tree and shrub species in the maquis have an important potential as high quality feed for ruminant animals in the critical period in semi-arid and arid regions.

Proje Numarası

119O744

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, E., 2001. Yem Bitkileri (3. Baskı). Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayın VİPAŞ A.Ş., Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa.
  • Akyıldız, A.R., 1966. Yeşil Yemlerin Saklanması, Yedek Yemler, Ticaret Yemleri, Yemler Bilgisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Alatürk, F., Alpars, T., Gökkuş, A., Coşkun, E., Akbağ, H., 2014. Bazı türlerin besin maddesi içeriklerinin mevsimsel değişimi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 133-141.
  • Altın, M., Gökkuş, A., Koç, A. 2021. Çayır Mera Islahı (İkinci baskı). Palme Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Ankom, 2017. Ankom Technology. Analytical Procedures. http://www.ankom.com/analytical-procedures.aspx, Erişim: 02.04.2019.
  • AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington.
  • Aygün, C., Kara, İ., Hanoğlu Oral, H., Erdoğdu, İ., Atalay, A.K., Sever, A.L., 2018. Bazı çalı bitkilerinin mevsimsel (ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar) yaprak verimleri, besin madde içerikleri ve rumende parçalanma düzeyinin belirlenmesi. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 7(1): 7-17.
  • Barry, T.N., Forss, D.A., 1983. The condensed tannin content of vegetative Lotus pedunculatus, its regulation by fertilizer application, and effect upon protein solubility. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 34: 1047–1056.
  • Baytekin, H., Yurtman, İ.Y., Savaş, T., 2005. Süt keçiciliğinde kaba yem üretim organizasyonu. Süt Keçiciliği Ulusal Kongresi, 26-27 Mayıs, İzmir, s. 298-305.
  • Blair, G., Catchpoole, D., Horne, P., 1990. Forage tree legumes: Their management and contribution to the nitrogen economy of wet and humid tropical environments. Advances in Agronomy, 44: 27-54.
  • Borens, F.M.P., Poppi, D.P., 1990. The nutritive value for ruminants of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) a leguminous tree. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 28: 275-292.
  • Bouazza, L., Bodas, R., Boufennara, S., Bousseboua, H., Lopez, S., 2012. Nutritive evaluation of foliage from fodder trees and shrubs characteristic of Algerian arid and semi–arid areas. Journal Animal Feeding Science, 21: 521–536.
  • Brooker, J.D., O'donovan, L.A., Skene, I., Clarke, K., Blackall, L., Muslera, P., 1994. Streptococcus caprinus sp. nov., a tannin‐resistant ruminal bacterium from feral goats. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 18(6), 313-318.
  • Castle, M.E., 1982. Feeding High Quality Silage. Silage for Milk Production. NIRD/HRI Technical Bulletin No: 2, Reading.
  • Cevheri, A.C., Avcıoğlu, R., 1998. Bornova koşullarında 11 farklı yonca çeşidinin verim ve diğer bazı verim özellikleri üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Dökülgen, H., Temel, S., 2015. Yaprağını döken karaçalı (Palirus spina-christi Mill.) türünde yaprak ve yaprak+sürgünlerinin mevsimsel besin içeriği değişimi. Iğdır University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 5(3): 57-65.
  • Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., Gürbüz, F., 1987. Araştırma ve Deneme Metodları (İstatistik Metotları II). Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Dzowela, B.H., Hove, L., Topps, J.H., Mafongoya, P.L., 1995. Nutritional and anti–nutritional characteristics and rumen degradability of dry matter and nitrogen for some multipurpose tree species with potential for agroforestry in Zimbabwe. Animal Feeding Science Technology, 55: 207–214.
  • Frost, R.A., Wilson, L.M., Launchbaugh, K.L., Hovde, E.M., 2008. Seasonal change in forage value of rangeland weeds in Northern Idaho. Invasive Plant Science and Manage, 1(4): 343-351.
  • González‐Andrés, F., Ceresuela, J.L., 1998. Chemical composition of some Iberian Mediterranean leguminous shrubs potentially useful for forage in seasonally dry areas. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 41(2): 139-147.
  • Gökkuş, A., Özaslan Parlak, A., Hakyemez, H., Baytekin, H., Parlak, M., 2009. Maki Örtüsünde Yer Alan Bitki Türlerinin Botanik Özellikleri ile Besleme Değerlerindeki Değişimin Belirlenmesi. TÜBİTAK Proje Sonuç Raporu, Proje Numarası: 106O458, Ankara.
  • Griffin, J.L., Jung. G.A., 1983. Leaf and stem forage quality of big bluestem and switchgrass. Agronomy Journal, 75(5): 723-726.
  • Gutman, M., Henkin, Z., Hlzer, Z., 1999. Comparative performance of beef cattle on herbaceous and woody vegetation. Grassland and Science in Europe, 4: 365-371.
  • Gutteridge, R.C., Shelton, H.M., 1994. Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. Cab International, Wallingford.
  • Hagerman, E.A., 1987. Radial diffusion method for determining tannin in plant extracts. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 13(3): 437-449.
  • Holechek, J.L., Estell, R.E., Kuykendall, C.B., Valdez, R., Cardenas, M., Nunez-Hernandez, G., 1989. Seeded wheatgrass yield and nutritive quality on New Mexico big sagebrush range. Journal Range Management, 42: 118-122.
  • Horrocks R.D., Vallentine J.F., 1999. Harvested Forages. Academic Press, London.
  • Huston J.E., Pinchak W.E., 1991. Range Animal Nutrition. In: Grazing Management: An Ecological Perspective (Ed: Heitschmidt, R.K., Taylor, C.A.), Timber Press, Inc., Portland, OR, pp. 27-63.
  • Jung H.G., Allen M.S., 1995. Characteristics of plant cell walls affecting intake and digestibility of forages by ruminants. Journal of Animal Science, 73: 2774–2790.
  • Kamalak, A., 2006. Determination of nutritive value of leaves of a native grown shrub, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. using in vitro and in situ measurements. Small Ruminant Research, 64: 268–278.
  • Khorchani, T., Hammadi, M., Abdouli, H., Essid, H., 2000. Determination of chemical composition and in vitro digestibility in four halophytic shrubs in Southern Tunisia. Fodder and Shrub Development in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, Vol.: 2, Proc. of the Workshop on Native and Exotic Fodder Shrubs in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, 27 Oct – 2 Nov, Hammamet, Tunisia, pp. 540-550.
  • Koç, A., 2000. Turkish rangelands and shrub culture. Rangelands, 22(4): 25–26.
  • Koç, A., Gökkuş, A., Bakoğlu, A., Özaslan, A., 2000. Temporal variation in chemical properties of plant samples during grazing season from Palandoken rangelands Erzurum. International Animal Nutrition Congress, 4-6 September, Isparta, pp. 471–478.
  • Kökten, K., Kaplan, M., Hatipoğlu, R., Saruhan, V., Çınar, S., 2012. Nutritive value of Mediterranean shrubs. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22(1): 188-194.
  • Leng, R.A., Fujita, T., 1997. Tree Foliage in Ruminant Nutrition. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 139. Rome.
  • Lyons, R.K., Machen, R., Forbes, T.D.A., 1996. Why Range Forage Quality Changes. Bulletin/Texas Agricultural Extension Service, No. 6036, Texas.
  • Mahipala, M.K., Krebs, G.L., McCafferty, P., Dods, K., 2009. Effects of supplementation with Chamaecytisus palmensis, grown in the Western Australian Mediterranean environment, on the nutritive value of sheep diets. Small Ruminant Research, 84(1-3): 54-60.
  • Makkar, H.P.S., 2003. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research, 49: 241–256.
  • Moore, J.E., Undersander, D.J., 2002. Relative forage quality: A proposal for replacement for relative feed value and quality index. Proceedings of the 13th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, 10-11 January, Gainesville, USA, pp. 16-32.
  • Mueller–Harvey, I., Dhanoa, M.S., 1991. Varietal differences amongst sorghum crop residues in relation to their phenolic HPLC fingerprints and responses to different environments. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 57: 199–216.
  • Muruz, H., Baytok, E., Aksu, T., Terzioglu, O., 2000. Erciş-Altındere tarım işletmesi doğal merasının kalitesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1): 66-70.
  • Narvaez, N., Brosh, A., Pittroff, W., 2010. Seasonal dynamics of nutritional quality of California chaparral species. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 158: 44–56.
  • Nelson, C.J., Moser, L.E., 1994. Plants Factors Affecting Forage Quality. In: Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization (Ed: Fahey, G.C.Jr.), Madison, pp. 115–154.
  • National Research Council, 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. Washington, DC., National Academic Science.
  • Papachristou, T.G., Papanastasis, V.P., 1994. Forage value of Mediterranean deciduous woody fodder species and its implication to management of silvo-pastoral systems for goats. Agroforestry Systems, 27: 269-282.
  • Parlak, A.O., Gokkus, A., Hakyemez, B.H., Baytekin, H., 2011a. Shrub yield and forage quality in Mediterranean shrublands of west Turkey for a period of one year. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(7): 1726-1734.
  • Parlak, A.O., Gokkus, A., Hakyemez, B.H., Baytekin, H., 2011b. Forage yield and quality of kermes oak and herbaceous species throughout a year in Mediterranean zone of western Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 9(1): 510-515.
  • Parlak, A.O., Gokkus, A., Hakyemez, B.H., Baytekin, H., 2011c. Forage quality of deciduous woody and herbaceous species throughout a year in Mediterranean shrublands of Western Turkey. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21(3): 513-518.
  • Pecetti, L., Tava, A., Pagnotta, M.A., Russi, L., 2007. Variations in forage quality and chemical composition among Italian accessions of Bituminaria bituminosa (L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87(6): 985-991.
  • Penuelas, J., Filella, I., 2003. Deuterium labelling of roots provides evidences of deep water access and hydraulic lift by Pinus nigra in a Mediterranean forest of NE Spain. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 43: 201-208.
  • Piluzza, G., Sulas, L., Bullitta, S. 2014. Tannins in forage plants and their role in animal husbandry and environmental sustainability. Grass and Forage Science, 69(1): 32-48.
  • Pollock, M.L., Legg, C.J., Holland, J.P., Theobald, C.M., 2007. Assessment of expert opinion: Seasonal sheep preference and plant response to grazing. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 60: 125-135.
  • Raven, P.H., 1971. The Relationships Between Mediterranean Floras. In: Plant Life of South-West Asia (Ed: Davis, P.H., Harper, P.C., Hedge, I.C.), Botanical Society of Edinburg, Edinburg, pp. 119-134.
  • Rubanza, C.D.K., Shem, M.N., Otsyina, R., Ichinohe, T., Fujihara, T., 2003. Nutritive evaluation of some browse tree legume foliages native to semi-arid areas in western Tanzania. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 16(10): 1429-1437.
  • Salem, A.Z.M., Salem, M.Z.M., El-Adawy, M.M., Robinson, P.H., 2006. Nutritive evaluations of some browse tree foliages during the dry season: Secondary compounds, feed intake and in vivo digestibility in sheep and goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 127(3-4): 251-267.
  • Silanikove, N., Perevoltsky, A., Provenza, F.D., 2001. Use of tannin-binding chemicals to assay for tannins and their negative postingestive effects in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 91: 69-81.
  • Silva-Pando, F.J., Gonzalez Hernandez, M.P., Castro Garcia, P., 1999. Nutritional characteristics of some common woody plants in shrublands of Galicia (Northwest Iberian Peninsula). Grassland and Science in Europe, 4: 121-125.
  • Steen, R.W.J., 1992. The performance of beef cattle given silages made from perennial ryegrasses of different maturity groups, cut on different dates. Grass Forage Science, 47: 239–248.
  • Temel, S., 2015. Vejetatif ve tohum olgunlaştırma döneminde Salsola tragus L. ve Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch., Schweinf.’nin yem kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1): 23-30.
  • Tolera, A., Khazaal, K., Orskov, E.R., 1997. Nutritive evaluation of some browses species. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 67: 181–195.
  • Tolunay, A., Adıyaman, E., Akyol, A., İnce, D., 2009. Herbage growth and fodder yield characteristics of Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) in a vegetation period. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(2): 290-294.
  • Tölü, C., 2009. Farklı keçi genotiplerinde davranış, sağlık ve performans özellikleri üzerine araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale.
  • Türk, M., Alagöz, M., Bıçakçı, E., 2018. Seasonal changes in the morphological traitments and forage quality of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.). Animal Science-The International Session of Scientific Communications of the Faculty of Animal Science, 61(2): 86-89.
  • Ventura, M.R., Castanon, J.I.R., Pieltain, M.C., Flores, M.P., 2004. Nutritive value of forage shrubs: Bituminaria bituminosa, Rumex lunaria, Acacia salicina, Cassi sturtii and Adenocarpus foliosu. Small Ruminant Research, 52: 13–18.
  • Ventura, M.R., Flores, M.P., Castanon, J.I.R., 1999. Nutritive value of forage shrubs: Bituminaria bituminosa, Acacia salicina and Medicago arborea. Cashiers Options Mediterranean, 39: 171–173.
  • Yılmaz, K.T., 1996. Akdeniz Doğal Bitki Örtüsü. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Adana.
  • Yüksel, O., Duru, A.A., 2019. Uşak ili doğal vejetasyonlarında bulunan bazı türlerin besin maddesi içeriklerinin dönemsel değişimi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2): 324-331.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Emre Bıçakçı 0000-0002-0258-4885

Mevlüt Türk 0000-0003-4493-887X

Yasin Karatepe 0000-0002-8795-3829

Proje Numarası 119O744
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 22 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Bıçakçı, E., Türk, M., & Karatepe, Y. (2022). Kovada Gölü çevresindeki yaygın çalı türlerinin yem değerlerindeki mevsimsel değişiminin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 23(3), 178-186. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1124147
AMA Bıçakçı E, Türk M, Karatepe Y. Kovada Gölü çevresindeki yaygın çalı türlerinin yem değerlerindeki mevsimsel değişiminin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. Eylül 2022;23(3):178-186. doi:10.18182/tjf.1124147
Chicago Bıçakçı, Emre, Mevlüt Türk, ve Yasin Karatepe. “Kovada Gölü çevresindeki yaygın çalı türlerinin Yem değerlerindeki Mevsimsel değişiminin Belirlenmesi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 23, sy. 3 (Eylül 2022): 178-86. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1124147.
EndNote Bıçakçı E, Türk M, Karatepe Y (01 Eylül 2022) Kovada Gölü çevresindeki yaygın çalı türlerinin yem değerlerindeki mevsimsel değişiminin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry 23 3 178–186.
IEEE E. Bıçakçı, M. Türk, ve Y. Karatepe, “Kovada Gölü çevresindeki yaygın çalı türlerinin yem değerlerindeki mevsimsel değişiminin belirlenmesi”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 23, sy. 3, ss. 178–186, 2022, doi: 10.18182/tjf.1124147.
ISNAD Bıçakçı, Emre vd. “Kovada Gölü çevresindeki yaygın çalı türlerinin Yem değerlerindeki Mevsimsel değişiminin Belirlenmesi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 23/3 (Eylül 2022), 178-186. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1124147.
JAMA Bıçakçı E, Türk M, Karatepe Y. Kovada Gölü çevresindeki yaygın çalı türlerinin yem değerlerindeki mevsimsel değişiminin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2022;23:178–186.
MLA Bıçakçı, Emre vd. “Kovada Gölü çevresindeki yaygın çalı türlerinin Yem değerlerindeki Mevsimsel değişiminin Belirlenmesi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 23, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 178-86, doi:10.18182/tjf.1124147.
Vancouver Bıçakçı E, Türk M, Karatepe Y. Kovada Gölü çevresindeki yaygın çalı türlerinin yem değerlerindeki mevsimsel değişiminin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2022;23(3):178-86.