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Plant species diversity and environmental factor relations in black pine, brutian pine, crimean juniper and oak forests

Yıl 2023, , 223 - 234, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1336614

Öz

In this study, plant species diversity in Black pine, Red pine, Crimean juniper and oak forests in Dursunbey (Balıkesir) district was associated with some environmental variables and stand characteristics. Diversity calculations were performed at alpha, beta and gamma levels by using alternative indices (Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Whittaker) and numerical transformations. According to the results of linear correlations and modeling analysis, alpha plant diversity was found to be higher in the forests where black pine (Pinus nigra), red pine (Pinus brutia), and juniper (Juniperus excelsa) species are dominant compared to oaks. In addition, the valley or canyon landforms contributed significantly to the alpha species diversity in these forests. Alternative scales used in the study caused significant differences in beta diversity. In the calculations made according to the data of 4 sub-samples of 20x20m, beta diversity was found to be the highest in oak forests, whereas in the data obtained from the main sample areas of 100x100m, on the contrary, the lowest beta diversity was calculated in oak forests and the highest in black pine forests. The degree of the canopy of the stands made a significant difference in beta diversity. Beta diversity is highest in discontinuous stands (1-10%), and the lowest in full canopy stands (71-100%). The most significant environmental variable for beta diversity was elevation. Changing climatic conditions and geomorphological heterogeneity due to the increase in elevation in the forests of the district have led to an increase in beta diversity. No statistically significant relationship was found between environmental variables and gamma diversity.

Kaynakça

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Karaçam, kızılçam, boylu ardıç ve meşe ormanlarında bitki tür çeşitliliği ve çevresel faktör ilişkileri

Yıl 2023, , 223 - 234, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1336614

Öz

Bu çalışmada Dursunbey (Balıkesir) ilçesinde Karaçam, kızılçam, boylu ardıç ve meşe ormanlarında, bitki tür çeşitliliği ile çevresel değişkenler ve bazı meşçere özellikleri ilişkilendirilmiştir. Alternatif indis (Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Whittaker) ve sayısal dönüşümlerden faydalanılarak alfa, beta ve gama düzeylerinde çeşitlilik hesaplamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. İkili doğrusal ilişkiler ve modelleme analiz sonuçlarına göre, yörede karaçam, kızılçam ve boylu ardıç türlerinin hâkim olduğu ormanlarda, meşe ormanlarına kıyasla alfa bitki çeşitliliği daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca vadi ya da kanyon arazi yüzey formu özelliği bu ormanlardaki alfa tür çeşitliliğine önemli katkı sağlamıştır. Beta çeşitliliğinde kullanılan alternatif ölçekler ilişkilerde önemli farklılığa sebep olmuştur. 20x20m ölçekli dört alt örnek alan verisine göre yapılan hesaplamalarda beta çeşitliliği meşe ormanlarında en yüksek bulunurken, 100x100m boyutlarındaki ana örnek alanlardan elde edilen verilerde bu durumun tersi olarak meşe ormanlarında en düşük, karaçam ormanlarında ise en yüksek beta çeşitliliği hesaplanmıştır. Diğer yandan meşçerelerin kapalılık derecesi beta çeşitliliğinde önemli fark oluşturmuştur. Beta çeşitliliği en yüksek boşluklu kapalı meşçerelerde (%1-10 arası), en düşük ise tam kapalı meşçerelerde (%71-100 arası)’dir. Beta çeşitliliğinde en etkili çevresel değişken ise yükselti olmuştur. İlçe ormanlarında yükseltinin artışı ile değişen iklim koşulları ve jeomorfolojik heterojenlik beta çeşitliliğinin yükselmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışmada gama çeşitlilik düzeyinde ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark oluşturan herhangi bir çevresel değişken belirlenememiştir.

Kaynakça

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  • Abutaha, M.M., El‐Khouly, A.A., Jürgens, N., Oldeland, J., 2021. Predictive mapping of plant diversity in an arid mountain environment (Gebel Elba, Egypt). Applied Vegetation Science, 24(2): e. 12582.
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  • Asbeck, T., Sabatini, F., Augustynczik, A.L., Basile, M., Helbach, J., Jonker, M., Knuff, A., Bauhus, J., 2021. Biodiversity response to forest management intensity, carbon stocks and net primary production in temperate montane forests. Scientific Reports, 11(1): 1-11.
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  • Negiz, M.G., Aygül, T.İ., 2019. Kurucuova Yöresi’nde odunsu tür zenginliğinin yetişme ortamı faktörlerine göre dağılımı. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20: 123-132.
  • Negiz, M.G., Kurt, E.Ö., 2017. Orman yetişme ortamında alfa tür çeşitliliğinin hesaplanması ve çevresel değişkenlerle ilişkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(1): 93-98.
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  • Özçelik, R., 2006. Biyolojik çeşitliliği korumaya yönelik yapılan (Planlama ve Koruma) çalışmalar ve Türkiye ormancılığına yansımaları. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 7(2): 23-36.
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  • Özkan, K., 2010. Orman ekosistem çeşitliliği haritalama çalışmaları için ekoloijk alan çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir öneri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2): 136-148.
  • Özkan, K., 2016. Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Bileşenleri (α, β ve γ) Nasıl Ölçülür? Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yayınları, Isparta.
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  • Şentürk, Ö., Negiz, M.G., Gülsoy, S., 2019. Kızılçam meşcerelerinde alfa tür çeşitliliği– yetişme ortamı ilişkileri: Gölhisar Yöresi örneği. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 3:178-188.
  • Takhtajan, A., 1986. Floristic Regions of the World. Berkeley: Univeristy of California Press.
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  • Thornthwaite, C.W., 1948. An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geographical Review, 38(1): 55-94.
  • Wei, T., Simko, V., 2017. An Introduction to Corrplot Package. R package version.
  • Wei, X., Z., Jiang, M., X., Huang, H., D., Yang, J., Y., Yu, J., 2010. Relationships between environment and mountain riparian plant communities associated with two rare tertiary-relict tree species, Euptelea pleiospermum (Eupteleaceae) and Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cercidiphyllaceae). Flora, 205: 841-852.
  • Westhoff, V., Van Der Maarel, E., 1973. The BraunBlanquet Approach. In R. H. Whittaker (Ed.), Handbook of Vegetation Science 5: Ordination and classification of communities. (pp. 617-726)
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  • Yue, Q., Hao, M., Geng, Y., Wang, X., Von Gadow, K., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Gao, L., 2022. Evaluating alternative hypotheses behind biodiversity and multifunctionality relationships in the forests of Northeastern China. Forest Ecosystems, 9: 100027.
  • Zeleny, D., Chytry, M., 2007. Environmental control of the vegetation pattern indeep river valleys of the Bohemian Massif. Preslia, 79: 205-222.
Toplam 90 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Orman Biyoçeşitliliği
Bölüm Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Halil İbrahim Ürkmez 0000-0003-4492-4347

Serkan Gülsoy 0000-0003-2011-8324

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Kabul Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Ürkmez, H. İ., & Gülsoy, S. (2023). Karaçam, kızılçam, boylu ardıç ve meşe ormanlarında bitki tür çeşitliliği ve çevresel faktör ilişkileri. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 24(3), 223-234. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1336614
AMA Ürkmez Hİ, Gülsoy S. Karaçam, kızılçam, boylu ardıç ve meşe ormanlarında bitki tür çeşitliliği ve çevresel faktör ilişkileri. Turkish Journal of Forestry. Eylül 2023;24(3):223-234. doi:10.18182/tjf.1336614
Chicago Ürkmez, Halil İbrahim, ve Serkan Gülsoy. “Karaçam, kızılçam, Boylu ardıç Ve meşe ormanlarında Bitki tür çeşitliliği Ve çevresel faktör ilişkileri”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 24, sy. 3 (Eylül 2023): 223-34. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1336614.
EndNote Ürkmez Hİ, Gülsoy S (01 Eylül 2023) Karaçam, kızılçam, boylu ardıç ve meşe ormanlarında bitki tür çeşitliliği ve çevresel faktör ilişkileri. Turkish Journal of Forestry 24 3 223–234.
IEEE H. İ. Ürkmez ve S. Gülsoy, “Karaçam, kızılçam, boylu ardıç ve meşe ormanlarında bitki tür çeşitliliği ve çevresel faktör ilişkileri”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 24, sy. 3, ss. 223–234, 2023, doi: 10.18182/tjf.1336614.
ISNAD Ürkmez, Halil İbrahim - Gülsoy, Serkan. “Karaçam, kızılçam, Boylu ardıç Ve meşe ormanlarında Bitki tür çeşitliliği Ve çevresel faktör ilişkileri”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 24/3 (Eylül 2023), 223-234. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1336614.
JAMA Ürkmez Hİ, Gülsoy S. Karaçam, kızılçam, boylu ardıç ve meşe ormanlarında bitki tür çeşitliliği ve çevresel faktör ilişkileri. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2023;24:223–234.
MLA Ürkmez, Halil İbrahim ve Serkan Gülsoy. “Karaçam, kızılçam, Boylu ardıç Ve meşe ormanlarında Bitki tür çeşitliliği Ve çevresel faktör ilişkileri”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 24, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 223-34, doi:10.18182/tjf.1336614.
Vancouver Ürkmez Hİ, Gülsoy S. Karaçam, kızılçam, boylu ardıç ve meşe ormanlarında bitki tür çeşitliliği ve çevresel faktör ilişkileri. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2023;24(3):223-34.