Orman yangın işçileri, büyük orman yangınlarıyla mücadelede örgütlenme ve altyapı sorunları hakkında ne düşünüyor?

Öz

İklim değişikliği, meteorolojik koşullar, yakıt birikimi, organizasyon ve altyapı eksiklikleri gibi faktörler, büyük orman yangınlarının oluşumunu etkilemektedir. Türkiye'de 2021 yılında Antalya ve Muğla Orman Bölge Müdürlüklerinde çok sayıda büyük orman yangınlarını meydana gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, büyük orman yangınlarının büyümesinde organizasyon ve altyapıdan kaynaklanan sorunların etkili olup olmadığını değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Büyük orman yangınlarıyla mücadelede aktif olarak görev almış toplam 621 orman yangını işçisi, şoförü ve operatörü, dokuz noktalı Likert tipi bir cevaplama ölçeği kullanılarak anket sorularını yanıtlamıştır. Orman yangın işçileri ile şoför ve operatörlerin yanıtları arasındaki istatistiksel farklılıklar, Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, personel istihdamı, iş makinası sayısı, hava araçlarının sayısı, yangın söndürme altyapısı, iletişim ve koordinasyon ile iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinden kaynaklanan sorunların büyük orman yangınları üzerinde orta düzeyde bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Uzun süreli ve kesintisiz çalışma, verimsizliğe neden olduğundan, işçi, şoför ve operatörlerin %52'si 1-3 günlük çalışma süresinin büyük orman yangınlarında yeterli olduğunu düşünmektedir. Çalışmada sunulan 13 farklı faktör için iki grubun değerlendirmeleri arasında sadece arazöz ve yer ekiplerindeki personel eksikliği açısından istatistiksel fark bulunmuştur. Orman yangınlarıyla mücadelede, hava araçları, arazöz, iş makinesi gibi teknolojik araçların kullanımı kadar yer ekiplerinin gücü ve altyapı olanakları (su kaynakları, orman yolları vb.) da önemli ve etkilidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim değişikliği
• Yangın söndürme
• Orman yangını organizasyonu
• Mega yangın
• Algı

What do forest firefighters think about organization and infrastructure problems in combating large forest fires?

Öz

The occurrence of large forest fires (LFFs) arises from the interaction of various factors, notably including climate change, meteorological conditions, fuel accumulation, and deficiencies in organization and infrastructure. In Türkiye, many LFFs occurred in Antalya and Muğla Regional Directorates of Forestry in 2021. This study aims to evaluate whether problems arising from organization and infrastructure had an impact on the growth of LFFs. A total of 621 forest fire workers, drivers, and operators (FWDs), actively involved in combating the LFFs, responded to survey questions using a nine-point Likert-type scale. Statistical differences in responses were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The study's results indicate that problems stemming from personnel employment, the amount of construction equipment, the quantity of aircraft, fire suppression infrastructure, communication and coordination, and occupational health and safety have a moderate impact on the growth of forest fires. Since long-term and uninterrupted work causes inefficiency in LFFs, 52% of FWDs consider a working duration of 1-3 days adequate for LFFs. A statistical difference between the evaluations of two groups for 13 different factors presented in the study was found only in terms of the lack of personnel in the fire trucks and ground teams. In the fight against forest fires, the strength of land crews and the infrastructure support—such as water resources and forest roads—are just as important and effective as the use of technological tools like aircraft, fire trucks, and construction machinery.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate change
• Fire suppression
• Forest fire organization
• Megafire
• Perception

Kaynakça

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