Isıl işlem görmüş cennet ağacının (Ailanthus altissima) sertlik özelliklerinin parke üretimi için değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Yapı, palet, parke vb. gibi ahşap esaslı sanayilerin gelişmesiyle ahşabın kullanım alanı genişlemiştir. Ancak, gelişme bu endüstriler arasındaki rekabeti artırmış ve doğal olarak hammadde sağlamak için ormanlara olan baskıyı da arttırmıştır. Bu nedenle birçok firma ve bilim insanı, ilgili sanayi gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla hızlı büyüyen ağaç türlerini değerlendirme ve özelliklerini iyileştirme konusunda çalışmalar yapmıştır. Isı, kimyasal gibi birçok farklı yöntemin kullanıldığı modifikasyon teknikleri denenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, hızlı büyüyen bir tür olan cennet ağacı (kokar ağaç, Ailanthus altissima), masif esaslı (masif ve lamine parkenin üst tabakasında) parke üretiminde değerlendirilmek üzere incelenmiştir. Stabilite artışı ve renk koyulaşmasını da sağlamak amacıyla 205oC sıcaklık ve 2 saat süre ile termal modifikasyon yöntemi de uygulanmış ve aynı örneklerde işlem öncesi ve sonrası Brinell sertlik değerleri ölçülmüştür. Her iki örnek grubu da bu ağaç türünün sertlik açısından parke üretim gerekliliklerini karşılama durumunun değerlendirilmesi için, TS EN 1534 (2020) standardı kullanılarak karakteristik değerlere göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, tüm ısıl işlem görmüş numunelerin %90'ında, sertlik değerlerinin işlenmemiş numunelerden daha yüksek bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Isıl işlemden sonra denge nem içeriğinin azalmasının (%11-13’ten %3-4’e) sertlik değerlerini artırmış olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca hem işlem görmüş hem de işlem görmemiş cennet ağacı örneklerinin değerleri, ilgili standartta referans olarak ve en yüksek seviyede gösterilen birçok türle benzer şekilde yüksek çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu türün istilacı özelliği kontrol altına alınabilirse, işlenmemiş ve termal olarak işlenmiş ağacının masif parke üretimi için iyi bir alternatif olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Brinell sertlik
• İstilacı ağaç türü
• Masif parke
• Termal modifikasyon

Evaluation of the hardness properties of the thermally modified tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) for parquet production

Öz

Developing wood-based industries such as structure, pallet, parquet etc., expanded the usage area of the wood. However, the development increased rivalry between these industries and naturally pressure to the forests for serving raw material. Therefore, many industries and scientist studied obtaining fast-growing tree species and increasing its properties to meet the related industry requirements. Many modification techniques with using heat, chemical treatments etc. were tried. In this study, tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) as a fast-growing species was investigated to evaluate in the solid-based (solid and upper layer of the laminate) parquet production. Thermal modification method was applied with 205oC temperature and 2 hours duration to increase its stability and darkening the colors. In the same samples, Brinell hardness were measured before and after the treatment. They were both classified related to characteristic values for evaluating the species to meet the parquet production requirements according to a standard. Results showed that hardness values of the 90% of the all thermally-treated samples were found higher than untreated samples. It’s thought that the decrement of the equilibrium moisture content (11-13% to 3-4%) after the treatment could increase the hardness values. Additionally, both values of the untreated and treated tree-of-heaven samples was at the highest level with the many species which were shown as a reference in the related standard. Consequently, if the invasive characteristic of this species can be controlled, unmodified and modified wood can be a good alternative for solid-based parquet production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Brinell hardness
• Invasive tree species
• Solid parquet
• Thermal modification

Kaynakça

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