Forest fire impacts on water quality: Taşköprü case

Öz

Wildfires can significantly influence surface water quality by altering soil structure, vegetation cover, and hydrological processes. This study examines the physicochemical effects of a surface and crown fire that occurred in 2020 within a 1,508-hectare pure black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) forest in the Taşköprü district of Kastamonu, Türkiye, on stream water quality. Over a 12-month monitoring period, water samples were collected biweekly from both fire-affected and control streams. Key water quality parameters were analyzed. The results revealed statistically significant differences in pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity between the two sites (p<0.05), while DO did not differ significantly. Notably, turbidity was markedly higher in the fire-affected site (9.48 NTU) compared to the control site (5.23 NTU). Conversely, EC and TDS values were lower in the fire-affected stream (211.7 µS/cm and 105.9 mg/L, respectively) than in the control stream (255.3 µS/cm and 127.7 mg/L). A very strong positive correlation was found between EC and TDS (r > 0.98) at both sites, while significant positive correlations were also observed between pH and EC/TDS in the fire-affected stream The increase in turbidity and shifts in solute concentrations indicate that wildfire-induced vegetation loss and surface runoff contributed to sediment and nutrient loading. These findings underscore the importance of water and land management practices in post-wildfire conditions and contribute to the existing literature on fire-induced changes in water quality in Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hydrology
• Türkiye
• Wildfire
• Water quality
• Water resources

Orman yangınlarının su kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri: Taşköprü örneği

Öz

Orman yangınları, toprak yapısını, bitki örtüsünü ve hidrolojik süreçleri değiştirerek yüzey suyu kalitesini önemli ölçüde etkileyebilir. Bu çalışma, 2020 yılında Türkiye’nin Kastamonu ili Taşköprü ilçesinde, 1508 hektarlık saf karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold) ormanında meydana gelen yüzey yangını ve tepe yangınının dere suyu kalitesi üzerindeki fiziko-kimyasal etkilerini incelemektedir. On iki aylık izleme süresi boyunca, yangından etkilenmiş ve kontrol niteliğindeki akarsulardan iki haftada bir su örnekleri toplanmıştır. Temel su kalite parametreleri analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), toplam çözünmüş katılar (TDS) ve bulanıklık parametrelerinde iki istasyon arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir (p < 0,05); çözünmüş oksijen (DO) açısından ise anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir. Özellikle bulanıklık değeri yangın alanında 9.48 NTU ile kontrol alanındaki 5,23 NTU’ya kıyasla belirgin biçimde yüksek bulunmuştur. Buna karşılık, yangın alanında EC ve TDS ortalamaları sırasıyla 211,7 µS/cm ve 105,9 mg/L iken, kontrol alanında bu değerler 255,3 µS/cm ve 127,7 mg/L olarak ölçülmüştür. Her iki istasyonda da EC ile TDS arasında çok güçlü pozitif korelasyonlar (r > 0,98) belirlenmiş, ayrıca yangından etkilenen alanda pH ile EC/TDS arasında da anlamlı pozitif ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Bulanıklık değerlerindeki artış ve çözünen madde konsantrasyonlarındaki değişim, yangın sonrası bitki örtüsü kaybı ve yüzey akışı kaynaklı sediment ve besin maddesi yüklemesini işaret etmektedir. Bu bulgular, yangın sonrası koşullarda su ve arazi yönetimi uygulamalarının önemini vurgulamakta ve Türkiye’de yangın kaynaklı su kalitesi değişimleri konusundaki literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hidroloji
• Türkiye
• Orman yangını
• Su kalitesi
• Su kaynakları

Kaynakça

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