Determination of rainwater harvesting potential and storage capacities in greenhouses in the Marmara region

Öz

Greenhouses are agricultural structures that allow plant production regardless of seasonal conditions. In field crop production, irrigation is used to meet plant water needs that cannot be met by natural rainfall, whereas greenhouses can only meet these needs through irrigation. This study aims to determine the rainwater harvesting potential of plastic-covered greenhouse roof systems in the Marmara Region, encompassing both developed and developing provinces in Türkiye where greenhouse cultivation is widespread. This potential was used to determine whether this potential could meet the greenhouse irrigation needs and to calculate the optimal storage capacity. Tomatoes, commonly cultivated in greenhouses, were used as a reference for plant production, and plant water requirements were determined. Considering that greenhouse production takes place in months other than July and August, it has been determined that, although the period varies across all provinces in the region, rainwater harvesting can meet greenhouse irrigation needs. In the study, appropriate storage capacities were determined for design based on plant water consumption and rainfall. Storage tank volumes were 0.1 m3 in Balıkesir, 0.1 m3.m-2 in Bilecik, 0.2 m3.m-2 in Bursa, 0.15 m3.m-2 in Edirne, 0.26 m3.m-2 in Kocaeli, 0.10 m3.m-2 in Kırklareli, 0.25 m3.m-2 in Sakarya, 0.10 m3.m-2 in Tekirdağ, 0.12 m3.m-2 in Yalova, 0.15 m3.m-2 in Çanakkale, and 0.16 m3.m-2 in Istanbul. In this context, the study provides detailed information for greenhouse designers, public institutions, and organizations regarding new projects on water harvesting and agricultural production planning, and new studies that will contribute to future water management policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Agricultural buildings
• Greenhouse
• Roof systems
• Rainwater harvesting
• Storage capacity

Marmara bölgesindeki seralarda yağmur suyu hasat potansiyeli ve depolama kapasitelerinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Seralar mevsim koşullarına bağlı kalınmadan bitkisel üretim yapılabilen tarımsal yapılardır. Tarla koşullarında yapılan bitkisel üretimde doğal yağışlarla karşılanamayan bitki su isteği sulama ile sağlanırken, seralarda sadece sulama imkanları ile bitki su isteği sağlanabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırma kapsamında Türkiye'de seracılığın geliştiği ve gelişmekte olan illerini kapsayan Marmara Bölgesinde plastik örtü malzemesine sahip seraların çatı sistemlerinden yağmur suyu hasadı potansiyelinin belirlenmesi, elde edilecek bu potansiyelin seralardaki sulama isteğinin karşılanabilirliği ve en uygun depolama kapasitesinin hesaplanması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Seralardaki bitkisel üretim açısından yaygın olarak yetiştirilen domates referans olarak alınmış olup, bitki su isteği belirlenmiştir. Seralarda Temmuz ve Ağustos dönemleri dışındaki aylarda üretimin yapılması dikkate alınmış olup, bölgede bulunan illerin tümünde değişen periyotlarda olmakla birlikte seraların sulama ihtiyacının yağmur suyu hasadı ile karşılanabileceği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada bitki su tüketimi ve yağış miktarına göre tasarım açısından uygun depolama kapasiteleri belirlenmiş olup, depolama tank hacimleri Balıkesir'de 0,1 m3.m-2, Bilecik'te 0,1 m3.m-2, Bursa'da 0,2 m3.m-2, Edirne'de 0,15 m3.m-2, Kocaeli'de 0,26 m3.m-2, Kırklareli'de 0,10 m3.m-2, Sakarya'da 0,25 m3.m-2, Tekirdağ'da 0,10 m3.m-2, Yalova'da 0,12 m3.m-2, Çanakkale'de 0,15 m3.m-2, İstanbul'da ise 0,16 m3.m-2'tür. Bu bağlamda araştırma sera tasarımcılarına, kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarının su hasadı, tarımsal üretim planlaması konusunda yürütebilecekleri yeni projelere ve gelecekteki su yönetimi politikalarına katkı sağlayacak yeni çalışmalara yönelik detaylı bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tarımsal yapılar
• Sera
• Çatı sistemleri
• Yağmur suyu hasadı
• Depolama kapasitesi

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