Araştırma Makalesi
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Different aged Anatolian black pine [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] individuals to summer drought response

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 4, 452 - 459, 29.12.2025

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to determine the drought tolerance of different aged Anatolian black pine [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] individuals within the Isparta Regional Forest Directorate. Three different age classes and growth stages of natural Anatolian black pine individuals were studied under the same growing conditions. Soil water content, midday water potential and water potential components (water potential at turgor loss point and osmotic potential at full turgor, free water content at turgor loss point, relative water content at turgor loss point, symplastic water content per unit dry weight, relative water content, and dry weight fraction) were determined in shoot samples taken in May, July and September. In addition, chlorophyll pigment content was determined in summer, the dry period. Soil water content, which was high in May (average 19.2%), decreased in July (average 6.4%), along with midday water potential (average -1.8 MPa and -2.5 MPa). Generally, first age class (about 13 years old) individuals of Pinus nigra exhibit significantly higher midday water potential (May: –1.4 MPa and July: –2.2 MPa). Among the water potential component, the water potential at turgor loss point in July was highest in the first age class (-2.5 MPa) and lowest in the second age class (-3.2 MPa). Chlorophyll pigment content in July was also found to be lowest in the second age class. In conclusion, it can be said that individuals of the Anatolian black pine in the first age class exhibit lower drought tolerance in response to decreasing water content during the dry season.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Teşekkür

This study was conducted under the TÜBİTAK 2209-A University Students Research Project (Application No: 1919B012209412). We want to thank TÜBİTAK for their support.

Kaynakça

  • Álvarez-Cansino, L., Comita, L. S., Andrew Jones, F., Manzané-Pinzón, E., Browne, L., Engelbrecht, B. M. J., 2022. Turgor loss point predicts survival responses to experimental and natural drought in tropical tree seedlings. Ecology, 203: e3700.
  • Arnon, D. I., 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1): 1–15.
  • Atalay, İ., Efe, R., 2010. Anadolu Karaçamı (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. pallasiana)’nın Ekolojisi ve Tohum Nakli Açısından Bölgelere Ayrılması. Orman Ağaçları ve Tohumları Islah Araştırma Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Atar, E., Yücesan, Z., Atar, F., Üçler, A. Ö., 2024. Effect of drought stress on physiological and biochemical traits of Quercus petraea subsp. iberica seedlings and analysis of the relationship with morphological traits. Austrian Journal of Forest Science, 141(2): 81-110.
  • Balekoğlu, S., Çalışkan, S., Dirik, H., Rosner, S., 2023. Response to drought stress differs among Pinus pinea provenances. Forest Ecology and Management, 531: 120779.
  • Bartlett, M. K., Scoffoni, C., Sack, L., 2012. The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: A global meta-analysis. Ecology Letters, 15(4): 393–405.
  • Bartlett, M. K., Zhang, Y., Kreidler, N., Sun, S., Ardy, R., Cao, K., Sack, L., 2014. Global analysis of plasticity in turgor loss point, a key drought tolerance trait. Ecology Letters, 17(12): 1580–1590.
  • Bayar, E., Deligöz, A., 2019. Cedrus libani ve Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana ağaçlandırma alanında kurak dönemde ağaç-su ilişkisi değişimleri. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(4): 317–323.
  • Bayar, E., Deligöz, A., 2020. Impacts of precommercial thinning on gas exchange, midday water potential, and chlorophyll content in Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana stand from the semiarid region. Trees - Structure and Function, 34(5): 1169–1181.
  • Bayar, E., 2018. Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] meşcerelerinde sıklık bakımının ekofizyolojik etkileri. Doktora tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta.
  • Beedlow, P. A., Waschmann, R. S., Lee, E. H., Tingey, D. T., 2017. Seasonal patterns of bole water content in old growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 242: 209–219.
  • Bond, B. J., 2000. Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants. Trends in Plant Science, 5(8): 349-353.
  • Çakmakçı, S. İ., Güner, S., 2024. Total chlorophyll content variations in some oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) origins exposed to drought stress. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 24(2): 209–219.
  • Deligöz, A., 2007. Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] fidanlarına ait bazı temel morfolojik ve ekofizyolojik özelliklerin dikim başarısına etkisi. Doktora tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta.
  • Deligöz, A., Cankara, F. G., 2020. Differences in physiological and biochemical responses to summer drought of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana and Pinus brutia in a natural mixed stand. Journal of Forest Research, 31(5): 1479–1487.
  • Demir, E., İmal, B., 2021. Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold ssp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] tohumlarında polietilen glikol ile erken kuraklık testi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 22(2):65-72.
  • Dirik, H., 2000. Farklı biyoiklim kuşaklarını temsil eden kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) orijinlerinin kurak dönemdeki su potansiyellerinin basınç-hacim (P-V) eğrisi ile analizi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 50(2): 93–103.
  • Dong, X., Mott, D. A., Zhou, Q., McKnight, B. M., 2025. Does sample size of leaf osmotic potential affect its relationship with cotton yield? Journal of Arid Environments, 229:105387.
  • Eisley, A. M., Wolfe, B. T, 2024. Leaf turgor loss point varies among tree species, habitats, and seasons in a bottomland hardwood forest. Trees, 38: 263–272.
  • Harayama, H., Ikeda, T., Ishida, A., Yamamoto, S. I., 2006. Seasonal variations in water relations in current-year leaves of evergreen trees with delayed greening. Tree Physiology, 26(8): 1025–1033.
  • Inoue, Y., Araki, M. G., Kitaoka, S., Tsurita, T., Sakata, T., Saito, S., Kenzo, T., 2023. Seasonal changes in leaf water relations in regards to leaf drought tolerance in mature Cryptomeria japonica canopy trees. Journal of Forest Research, 28(4): 280–288.
  • İmal, B., 2015. Bazı Anadolu karaçamı (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. pallasiana [Lamb.] Holmboe) orijinlerinin dona ve kuraklığa karşı dayanıklılıklarının ekofizyolojik olarak belirlenmesi. Doktora tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Janssen, E., Kint, V., Bontemps, J.-D., Özkan, K., Mert, A., Köse, N., İçel, B., Muys, B., 2018. Recent growth trends of black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold) in the eastern Mediterranean. Forest Ecology and Management, 412: 21–28.
  • Joshi, R.K., Mishra, A., Gupta, R.,i Garkoti, S.C., 2024. Leaf and tree age-related changes in leaf ecophysiological traits, nutrient, and adaptive strategies of Alnus nepalensis in the central Himalaya. Journal of Biosciences, 49: 24.
  • Kubiske, M. E., Abrams, M. D., 1991. Rehydration effects on pressure-volume relationships in four temperate woody species: Variability with site, time of season and drought conditions. Oecologia, 85(4): 537–542.
  • Kunert, N., Hajek, P., Hietz, P., Morris, H., Rosner, S., Tholen, D., 2021. Summer temperatures reach the thermal tolerance threshold of photosynthetic decline in temperate conifers. Plant Biology, 1–8.
  • Kunert, N., 2025. Rapid springtime leaf osmotic adjustment, but low late seasonal and interannual variation in leaf turgor loss points in three temperate tree species. Journal of Forestry Research, 36: 46.
  • Kunert, N., Tomaskova, I., 2020. Leaf turgor loss point at full hydration for 41 native and introduced tree and shrub species from Central Europe. Journal of Plant Ecology, 13(5): 754–756.
  • Leuschner, C., Wedde, P., Lübbe, T., 2019. The relation between pressure–volume curve traits and stomatal regulation of water potential in five temperate broadleaf tree species. Annals of Forest Science, 76: 60.
  • Martín-Benito, D., Cherubini, P., del Río, M., Cañellas, I., 2008. Growth response to climate and drought in Pinus nigra Arn. trees of different crown classes. Trees, 22(3): 363–373.
  • Martín-Benito, D., Kint, V., del Río, M., Muys, B., Cañellas, I., 2011. Growth responses of West-Mediterranean Pinus nigra to climate change are modulated by competition and productivity: Past trends and future perspectives. Forest Ecology and Management, 262(5): 1030–1040.
  • Mitchell, P. J., Veneklaas, E. J., Lambers, H., Burgess, S. S., 2008. Leaf water relations during summer water deficit: Differential responses in turgor maintenance and variation in leaf structure among different plant communities in south-western Australia. Plant, Cell and Environment, 31(12): 1791–1802.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü), 2024. Ormancılık istatistikleri. Ankara. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane/resmi-istatistikler, Erişim: 26.11.2025.
  • Räim, O., Kaurilind, E., Hallik, L., Merilo, E., 2012. Why does needle photosynthesis decline with tree height in Norway spruce?. Plant Biology, 14(2): 306–314.
  • Reinhardt, K., Johnson, D. M., Smith, W. K., 2009. Age-class differences in shoot photosynthesis and water relations of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri), southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 39(1): 1–5.
  • Sarı, S., Deligöz, A., 2019. Toros sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich) fidanlarının fizyolojik durumu üzerinde söküm zamanının etkisi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(1): 20–27.
  • Scholander, P. F., Hammel, H. T., Bradstreet, E. D., Hemmingsen, E. A., 1965. Sap pressure in vascular plants. Science, 148(3668): 339–346.
  • Singh, N., Mittal, A., Tewari, A., Shah, S., Malik, S., Khan, A. A., Jaggi, V., 2024. Exploring water relations and phenological traits of Betula utilis (D. Don) in western Himalayan treeline ecotone. Scientific Reports, 14: 20853.
  • Terzi, R., Kadıoğlu, A., 2006. Drought stress tolerance and the antioxidant enzyme system in Ctenanthe setosa. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 48(2): 89–96.
  • Turfan, N., Alay, M., Sarıyıldız, T., 2018. Effect of tree age on chemical compounds of ancient Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) needles in Northwest Turkey. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 11: 406–410.
  • Unawong, W., Yaemphum, S., Nathalang, A., Chen, Y., Domec, J.-C., Torngern, P., 2022. Variations in leaf water status and drought tolerance of dominant tree species growing in multi-aged tropical forests in Thailand. Scientific Reports, 12: 6882.
  • Versace, S., Bräuning, A., Cherubini, P., Di Febbraro, M., Häusser, M., Lombardi, F., Marchetti, M., Marziliano, P. A., Salbitano, F., Szymczak, S., Tognetti, R., 2022. New evidence for population-specific responses to drought events from tree ring chronologies of Pinus nigra ssp. laricio across the entire distribution range. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 323: 109076.
  • Woodruff, D. R., Bond, B. J., Meinzer, F. C., 2004. Does turgor limit growth in tall trees?. Plant, Cell and Environment, 27(2): 229–236.
  • Yan, W., Lu, Y., Guo, L., Liu, Y., Li, M., Zhang, B., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Qin, D., Huo, J., 2024. Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in blue honeysuckle. Plants, 13: 2115.

Değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinin yaz kuraklığına tepkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 4, 452 - 459, 29.12.2025

Öz

Bu çalışmada Isparta Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü sınırları içerisinde yer alan değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinde yaz kuraklığına dayanıklılığın belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Aynı yetişme ortamı koşullarında üç farklı yaş sınıfı ve gelişim çağındaki doğal Anadolu karaçamı bireylerinde çalışılmıştır. Mayıs, temmuz ve eylül aylarında olmak üzere üç dönemde alınan sürgün örneklerinde gün ortası su potansiyeli, su potansiyeli bileşenleri (solma noktasındaki ve tam doygun haldeki osmotik potansiyel, solma noktasındaki serbest su içeriği, solma noktasındaki nispi su içeriği, birim kuru ağırlığa düşen simplastik su oranı, relatif su içeriği, kuru ağırlık oranı) ve toprak nem içeriği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kurak dönem olan yaz ayında klorofil pigment içeriği tespit edilmiştir. Mayıs ayında yüksek olan toprak nem içeriği (ortalama %19,2) ve gün ortası su potansiyeli (ortalama -1,8 MPa) temmuz ayında (ortalama %6,4 ve – 2,5 MPa) azalmıştır. Genel olarak I. yaş sınıfına (~13 yaş) ait Anadolu karaçamı bireyleri daha yüksek gün ortası su potansiyeline (mayıs ayı -1,4 MPa ve temmuz ayı -2,2 MPa) sahiptir. Su potansiyeli bileşenlerinden solma noktasındaki osmotik potansiyel temmuz ayında en yüksek I. yaş sınıfında (-2,5 MPa), en düşük ise II. yaş sınıfında (-3,2 MPa) belirlenmiştir. Klorofil pigment içeriği temmuz ayında en düşük II. yaş sınıfında tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, I. yaş sınıfındaki Anadolu karaçamı bireylerinin kurak dönemde azalan su içeriğine karşı daha düşük kuraklık toleransı gösterdiği söylenebilir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projesi (Başvuru No:1919B012209412) kapsamında yapılmıştır. Destekleri için TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Álvarez-Cansino, L., Comita, L. S., Andrew Jones, F., Manzané-Pinzón, E., Browne, L., Engelbrecht, B. M. J., 2022. Turgor loss point predicts survival responses to experimental and natural drought in tropical tree seedlings. Ecology, 203: e3700.
  • Arnon, D. I., 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1): 1–15.
  • Atalay, İ., Efe, R., 2010. Anadolu Karaçamı (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. pallasiana)’nın Ekolojisi ve Tohum Nakli Açısından Bölgelere Ayrılması. Orman Ağaçları ve Tohumları Islah Araştırma Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Atar, E., Yücesan, Z., Atar, F., Üçler, A. Ö., 2024. Effect of drought stress on physiological and biochemical traits of Quercus petraea subsp. iberica seedlings and analysis of the relationship with morphological traits. Austrian Journal of Forest Science, 141(2): 81-110.
  • Balekoğlu, S., Çalışkan, S., Dirik, H., Rosner, S., 2023. Response to drought stress differs among Pinus pinea provenances. Forest Ecology and Management, 531: 120779.
  • Bartlett, M. K., Scoffoni, C., Sack, L., 2012. The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: A global meta-analysis. Ecology Letters, 15(4): 393–405.
  • Bartlett, M. K., Zhang, Y., Kreidler, N., Sun, S., Ardy, R., Cao, K., Sack, L., 2014. Global analysis of plasticity in turgor loss point, a key drought tolerance trait. Ecology Letters, 17(12): 1580–1590.
  • Bayar, E., Deligöz, A., 2019. Cedrus libani ve Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana ağaçlandırma alanında kurak dönemde ağaç-su ilişkisi değişimleri. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(4): 317–323.
  • Bayar, E., Deligöz, A., 2020. Impacts of precommercial thinning on gas exchange, midday water potential, and chlorophyll content in Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana stand from the semiarid region. Trees - Structure and Function, 34(5): 1169–1181.
  • Bayar, E., 2018. Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] meşcerelerinde sıklık bakımının ekofizyolojik etkileri. Doktora tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta.
  • Beedlow, P. A., Waschmann, R. S., Lee, E. H., Tingey, D. T., 2017. Seasonal patterns of bole water content in old growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 242: 209–219.
  • Bond, B. J., 2000. Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants. Trends in Plant Science, 5(8): 349-353.
  • Çakmakçı, S. İ., Güner, S., 2024. Total chlorophyll content variations in some oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) origins exposed to drought stress. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 24(2): 209–219.
  • Deligöz, A., 2007. Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] fidanlarına ait bazı temel morfolojik ve ekofizyolojik özelliklerin dikim başarısına etkisi. Doktora tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta.
  • Deligöz, A., Cankara, F. G., 2020. Differences in physiological and biochemical responses to summer drought of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana and Pinus brutia in a natural mixed stand. Journal of Forest Research, 31(5): 1479–1487.
  • Demir, E., İmal, B., 2021. Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold ssp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] tohumlarında polietilen glikol ile erken kuraklık testi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 22(2):65-72.
  • Dirik, H., 2000. Farklı biyoiklim kuşaklarını temsil eden kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) orijinlerinin kurak dönemdeki su potansiyellerinin basınç-hacim (P-V) eğrisi ile analizi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 50(2): 93–103.
  • Dong, X., Mott, D. A., Zhou, Q., McKnight, B. M., 2025. Does sample size of leaf osmotic potential affect its relationship with cotton yield? Journal of Arid Environments, 229:105387.
  • Eisley, A. M., Wolfe, B. T, 2024. Leaf turgor loss point varies among tree species, habitats, and seasons in a bottomland hardwood forest. Trees, 38: 263–272.
  • Harayama, H., Ikeda, T., Ishida, A., Yamamoto, S. I., 2006. Seasonal variations in water relations in current-year leaves of evergreen trees with delayed greening. Tree Physiology, 26(8): 1025–1033.
  • Inoue, Y., Araki, M. G., Kitaoka, S., Tsurita, T., Sakata, T., Saito, S., Kenzo, T., 2023. Seasonal changes in leaf water relations in regards to leaf drought tolerance in mature Cryptomeria japonica canopy trees. Journal of Forest Research, 28(4): 280–288.
  • İmal, B., 2015. Bazı Anadolu karaçamı (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. pallasiana [Lamb.] Holmboe) orijinlerinin dona ve kuraklığa karşı dayanıklılıklarının ekofizyolojik olarak belirlenmesi. Doktora tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Janssen, E., Kint, V., Bontemps, J.-D., Özkan, K., Mert, A., Köse, N., İçel, B., Muys, B., 2018. Recent growth trends of black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold) in the eastern Mediterranean. Forest Ecology and Management, 412: 21–28.
  • Joshi, R.K., Mishra, A., Gupta, R.,i Garkoti, S.C., 2024. Leaf and tree age-related changes in leaf ecophysiological traits, nutrient, and adaptive strategies of Alnus nepalensis in the central Himalaya. Journal of Biosciences, 49: 24.
  • Kubiske, M. E., Abrams, M. D., 1991. Rehydration effects on pressure-volume relationships in four temperate woody species: Variability with site, time of season and drought conditions. Oecologia, 85(4): 537–542.
  • Kunert, N., Hajek, P., Hietz, P., Morris, H., Rosner, S., Tholen, D., 2021. Summer temperatures reach the thermal tolerance threshold of photosynthetic decline in temperate conifers. Plant Biology, 1–8.
  • Kunert, N., 2025. Rapid springtime leaf osmotic adjustment, but low late seasonal and interannual variation in leaf turgor loss points in three temperate tree species. Journal of Forestry Research, 36: 46.
  • Kunert, N., Tomaskova, I., 2020. Leaf turgor loss point at full hydration for 41 native and introduced tree and shrub species from Central Europe. Journal of Plant Ecology, 13(5): 754–756.
  • Leuschner, C., Wedde, P., Lübbe, T., 2019. The relation between pressure–volume curve traits and stomatal regulation of water potential in five temperate broadleaf tree species. Annals of Forest Science, 76: 60.
  • Martín-Benito, D., Cherubini, P., del Río, M., Cañellas, I., 2008. Growth response to climate and drought in Pinus nigra Arn. trees of different crown classes. Trees, 22(3): 363–373.
  • Martín-Benito, D., Kint, V., del Río, M., Muys, B., Cañellas, I., 2011. Growth responses of West-Mediterranean Pinus nigra to climate change are modulated by competition and productivity: Past trends and future perspectives. Forest Ecology and Management, 262(5): 1030–1040.
  • Mitchell, P. J., Veneklaas, E. J., Lambers, H., Burgess, S. S., 2008. Leaf water relations during summer water deficit: Differential responses in turgor maintenance and variation in leaf structure among different plant communities in south-western Australia. Plant, Cell and Environment, 31(12): 1791–1802.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü), 2024. Ormancılık istatistikleri. Ankara. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane/resmi-istatistikler, Erişim: 26.11.2025.
  • Räim, O., Kaurilind, E., Hallik, L., Merilo, E., 2012. Why does needle photosynthesis decline with tree height in Norway spruce?. Plant Biology, 14(2): 306–314.
  • Reinhardt, K., Johnson, D. M., Smith, W. K., 2009. Age-class differences in shoot photosynthesis and water relations of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri), southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 39(1): 1–5.
  • Sarı, S., Deligöz, A., 2019. Toros sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich) fidanlarının fizyolojik durumu üzerinde söküm zamanının etkisi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(1): 20–27.
  • Scholander, P. F., Hammel, H. T., Bradstreet, E. D., Hemmingsen, E. A., 1965. Sap pressure in vascular plants. Science, 148(3668): 339–346.
  • Singh, N., Mittal, A., Tewari, A., Shah, S., Malik, S., Khan, A. A., Jaggi, V., 2024. Exploring water relations and phenological traits of Betula utilis (D. Don) in western Himalayan treeline ecotone. Scientific Reports, 14: 20853.
  • Terzi, R., Kadıoğlu, A., 2006. Drought stress tolerance and the antioxidant enzyme system in Ctenanthe setosa. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 48(2): 89–96.
  • Turfan, N., Alay, M., Sarıyıldız, T., 2018. Effect of tree age on chemical compounds of ancient Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) needles in Northwest Turkey. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 11: 406–410.
  • Unawong, W., Yaemphum, S., Nathalang, A., Chen, Y., Domec, J.-C., Torngern, P., 2022. Variations in leaf water status and drought tolerance of dominant tree species growing in multi-aged tropical forests in Thailand. Scientific Reports, 12: 6882.
  • Versace, S., Bräuning, A., Cherubini, P., Di Febbraro, M., Häusser, M., Lombardi, F., Marchetti, M., Marziliano, P. A., Salbitano, F., Szymczak, S., Tognetti, R., 2022. New evidence for population-specific responses to drought events from tree ring chronologies of Pinus nigra ssp. laricio across the entire distribution range. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 323: 109076.
  • Woodruff, D. R., Bond, B. J., Meinzer, F. C., 2004. Does turgor limit growth in tall trees?. Plant, Cell and Environment, 27(2): 229–236.
  • Yan, W., Lu, Y., Guo, L., Liu, Y., Li, M., Zhang, B., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Qin, D., Huo, J., 2024. Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in blue honeysuckle. Plants, 13: 2115.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ağaç Beslenme ve Fizyolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fadime Doğu 0009-0007-8618-2835

Esra Bayar 0000-0003-1137-297X

Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 8 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğu, F., & Bayar, E. (2025). Değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinin yaz kuraklığına tepkisi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 26(4), 452-459. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1817091
AMA Doğu F, Bayar E. Değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinin yaz kuraklığına tepkisi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. Aralık 2025;26(4):452-459. doi:10.18182/tjf.1817091
Chicago Doğu, Fadime, ve Esra Bayar. “Değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinin yaz kuraklığına tepkisi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 26, sy. 4 (Aralık 2025): 452-59. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1817091.
EndNote Doğu F, Bayar E (01 Aralık 2025) Değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinin yaz kuraklığına tepkisi. Turkish Journal of Forestry 26 4 452–459.
IEEE F. Doğu ve E. Bayar, “Değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinin yaz kuraklığına tepkisi”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 26, sy. 4, ss. 452–459, 2025, doi: 10.18182/tjf.1817091.
ISNAD Doğu, Fadime - Bayar, Esra. “Değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinin yaz kuraklığına tepkisi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 26/4 (Aralık2025), 452-459. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1817091.
JAMA Doğu F, Bayar E. Değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinin yaz kuraklığına tepkisi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2025;26:452–459.
MLA Doğu, Fadime ve Esra Bayar. “Değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinin yaz kuraklığına tepkisi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 26, sy. 4, 2025, ss. 452-9, doi:10.18182/tjf.1817091.
Vancouver Doğu F, Bayar E. Değişik yaşlı Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] bireylerinin yaz kuraklığına tepkisi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2025;26(4):452-9.