Forest genetics and biotechnology

Öz

The number of biotechnology and genomics studies related to forest trees has increased rapidly in recent years. Biotechnological applications of tissue culture and clonal propagation, genetic markers, gene transfer technologies and genomic technologies are widely used. Development of effective and practical techniques in the field of biotechnology and the completion of some forest tree species genome sequences are important factors in this rapid development process. These techniques and studies have made great contributions to projects of breeding of forest trees. As a result of these studies, such as found new gene regions, gene transfers, the creation of genetic maps, clonal propagation and improving the quality of wood in forest trees were carried out. Especially, genes which include growth and wood properties of forest trees are attracting more interest. Source of about 45,000 genes by sequencing of genome of poplar tree (Populus trichocarpa) has provided a major contribution to genomic research. Thus, new gene discovery, QTL analysis, genetic modifications and EST sequencing is easy. Moreover, these studies also help to develop a special tree species resistant to particular environmental conditions. In this review, application areas of biotechnology and genetic-based technologies in forest trees, objectives of these technologies and contributions of sustainable forestry practices were assessed. Keywords: Forest genetics, Forest biotechnology, Tree breeding, Tissue culture

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Orman genetiği ve biyoteknolojisi

Öz

Son yıllarda orman ağaçlarında yürütülen biyoteknoloji ve genomik çalışmalarının sayısı hızlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. Biyoteknolojik uygulamalardan doku kültürü ve klonal çoğaltım, genetik markörler, gen transfer teknolojileri ile genomik teknolojileri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Biyoteknoloji alanında etkili ve pratik tekniklerin gelişimi ile bazı orman ağaç türlerinin genom dizilerinin tamamlanması, bu hızlı gelişim sürecinde önemli faktörlerdir. Bu teknikler ve çalışmalar, orman ağaçları ıslahı projelerine büyük katkılar sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda, orman ağaçlarında yeni gen bölgelerinin bulunması, gen transferleri, genetik haritaların oluşturulması, klonal çoğaltım ve odun kalitesinin artırılması gibi gelişmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Özellikle orman ağaçlarında büyüme ve odun özellikleri ile ilgili genler daha ilgi çekmektedir. Kavak ağacının (Populus trichocarpa) genom dizilenmesiyle elde edilen yaklaşık 45.000 genden oluşan kaynak, genomik araştırmalara büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Böylece yeni gen keşifleri, QTL analizleri, genetik modifikasyonlar ve EST dizilemeleri kolaylaşmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmalar, özel çevresel koşullara dayanıklı ağaç türleri geliştirmeye de yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu derlemede, orman ağaçlarında biyoteknolojik ve genetik temelli teknuolojilerin uygulama alanları ile bu teknolojilerin hedefleri ve sürdürülebilir ormancılık uygulamalarına katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar kelimler: Orman genetiği, Orman biyoteknolojisi, Ağaç ıslahı, Doku kültürü

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orman genetiği, Orman biyoteknolojisi, Ağaç ıslahı, Doku kültürü

Kaynakça

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