Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin istilacı yabancı türleri

Öz

Türkiye, coğrafi konumu, jeomorfolojik yapısı, mikro-iklim çeşitliliği, bitki coğrafyası bakımından üç farklı flora bölgesinin birleşim yerinde bulunmasından dolayı bitkisel tür çeşitliliği bakımından önemli bir ülkedir. Biyolojik çeşitliliği tehdit eden faktörlerin en başında habitat parçalanması ve bunun sonucu olarak habitat kaybı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Habitat parçalanmaları doğal yollarla da olabileceği gibi çoğunluğu antropojen kökenli (yanlış arazi kullanımı, yol yapımı, ormancılık faaliyetleri vb.) olmaktadır. Biyolojik çeşitliliği tehdit eden bu faktör beraberinde yabancı türlerin doğal habitatlara yerleşmesine neden olmaktadır. Mevcut hali ile toplam cins altı taksonlarının 11.707 olarak belirtildiği ülkemiz florasında, yetiştirilme veya doğallaşma gibi farklı yollarla ülkemiz florasına giriş yapan yabancı bitki türleri de bulunmaktadır. Ülkemiz doğal florasında yer almayan bu bitki türlerinin 340 adet olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi sahip olduğu iklim özellikleri ve yanlış arazi kullanımı gibi sebeplerden dolayı yabancı bitki türlerinin rahatlıkla yerleşebileceği bir yer konumundadır. Bu çalışmada Espiye Orman Planlama Birimi içerisinde 2015-2016 yılları arasında yapılan arazi gözlemleri ile istilacı yabancı bitkiler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Espiye Orman Planlama Birimi içerisinde yayılış yapan 19 istilacı yabancı bitki türü tespit edilmiştir. Bu türlere ilave olarak istilacı bitkilerden Tradescantia fluminensis ve Oenothera glazioviana türleri için yeni bir yayılış alanları saptanmıştır. Tespit edilen istilacı yabancı türlerden 6 tanesi odunsu, 13 tanesi ise otsu türdür. İstilacı yabancı bitkilerin 1 tanesi Pinidae alt sınıfına ait olup, diğer 18 tanesi Magnoliidae alt sınıfına aittir. Tespit edilen bitki türlerinden 12 tanesi için Giresun ilinden ilk defa kayıt verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Koruma,Giresun,Yabancı istilacı bitkiler,Bitkisel tür çeşitliliği,Türkiye

Invasive alien species in Espiye (Giresun) Forest Planning Unit

Öz

Turkey is an important country in terms of plant species diversity due to its geographical location, geomorphological structure, micro-climate diversity, plant geography and its combination with three different flora regions. Habitat fragmentation and loss of habitat are the leading factors that threaten biological diversity. Habitat fragmentation may occur naturally or anthropogenic origin (wrong land use, road construction, forestry activities, etc.). This factor, which threatens biodiversity, causes alien species to settle in natural habitats. With 11,707 taxa in Turkey, there are also alien plant species that enter Turkey's flora in different ways such as introducing or naturalizing. It has been determined that there are 340 of alien plant species which are not included in the natural flora of our country. The Eastern Black Sea Region is a place where alien plant species can easily settle because of reasons such as climate characteristics and misuse of lands. In this study, field observations were made between 2015-2016 years in Espiye Forest Planning Unit. 19 invasive alien plant species were identified in the Espiye Forest Planning Unit. In addition to these invasive plants species, we have determined new spreading areas for the species; Tradescantia fluminensis and Oenothera glazioviana. Of the 19 invasive alien species identified, 6 are woody, 13 are herbaceous species. One of the invasive alien plants belongs to Pinidae sub-class and the other 18 belongs to the Magnoliidae sub-class. 12 of the plant species identified were recorded for the first time in Giresun province.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkey,Giresun,Conservation,Invasive alien plants,Plant biodiversity,Turkey

Kaynakça

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