The use of collembolans (Collembola: Arthropoda) as a biological indicator in comparison of different land use and seasons in Karabük

Yıl 2020, , 224 - 230, 30.09.2020

Ahmet Duyar

https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.724012

Öz

Land use types and seasonal conditions are effective factors on soil properties and soil quality. One of the criteria of soil quality is biological indicators. The effects of different land use types and seasonal changes on soil biological quality have been investigated with biological indicators. For this purpose, the amount and biodiversity of Collembola in the soil and the QBS-c index (Soil Biological Quality Index based on Collembolans) were used. For this purpose, three replications samplings were carried out for 4 seasons from the area representing 4 different land use types, consisting of afforested area, bush area, natural meadow area and tillage area in the Kılavuzlar village, Karabuk. Soil samples were taken with 5x5 cm cylinders and extracted. Collembolans in the examples are classified at the family level. Collembolans were evaluated in terms of amount and biodiversity as well as the QBS-c index depending on their ecological morphological properties and statistical analyzes were performed. As a result of the research, an annual average of 12853 individuals/m² Collembola was found in the study area. Different land use types did not affect amount and biodiversity of Collembola. The average amount of Collembola is the highest in spring and autumn (20,500 individuals/m²) and the lowest in summer (2761 individuals/m²) and is significantly different. Although the QBS-c index value is similar among land use types, it was found to be seasonally different. In this study, the QBS-c index value and the quantity and biodiversity values of Collembolans gave similar results as soil quality indicators and are interchangeable. Since the QBS-c index is an easier method that does not require counting all individuals in the sample, it can be recommended for practical applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

QBS-c, Biodiversity, Afforestation, Season, Arthropoda

Karabük yöresinde farklı arazi kullanımı ve mevsimlerin karşılaştırılmasında sıçrar kuyrukluların (Collembola: Arthropoda) biyolojik gösterge olarak kullanımı

Öz

Farklı arazi kullanımı ve mevsimsel şartlar, toprak özellikleri ve toprak kalitesi üzerinde etkili faktörlerdendir. Toprak kalitesi ölçütlerinden biyolojik göstergelerin kullanımı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Burada sunulan çalışmada, biyolojik göstergeler ile farklı arazi kullanımı ve mevsimin toprak biyolojik kalitesine etkisini ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, topraktaki Collembola miktar ve çeşitliliği ile QBS-c (Collembolalara dayalı biyolojik toprak kalitesi) indeksi kullanılmıştır. Örnekleme, ağaçlandırılmış alan, çalılık, doğal çayır ve işlenmiş topraktan dört mevsimde 3 tekerrürlü olarak yapılmıştır. Her bir alandan 5x5 cm boyutlarındaki silindirlerle toprak örnekleri alınarak ekstrakt edilmiştir. Örneklerdeki Collembolalar familya düzeyinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Collembolalar hem miktar ve biyolojik çeşitlilik bakımından hem de ekolojik morfolojik özelliklerine bağlı olarak QBS-c indeksi bakımından değerlendirilmiş ve istatistiki analizler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, çalışma alanında tüm arazi kullanım türlerinin yıllık ortalaması olarak 12853 birey/m² Collembola bulunmuştur. Collembola miktar ve biyoçeşitliliği üzerinde farklı arazi kullanımının etkili olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Fakat, mevsimler arasında önemli bir farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ortalama Collembola miktarı bahar ve güz mevsiminde (20.500 birey/m²) en yüksek, yazın ise (2761 birey/m²) en düşük bulunmuştur. QBS-c indeks değerleri farklı arazi kullanımı arasında benzer olmasına rağmen, mevsimsel olarak farklılıklar göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada, QBS-c indeksi değeri ile Collembolaların miktar ve biyoçeşitlilik değerleri toprak kalite göstergesi olarak benzer sonuçlar vermiştir ve birbirlerinin yerine kullanılabilir niteliktedir. QBS-c indeksi örnek içerisindeki tüm bireyleri saymayı gerektirmeyen daha kolay bir yöntem olduğundan, pratik uygulamalar için önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

QBS-c, Biyoçeşitlilik, Ağaçlandırma, Mevsim, Eklembacaklılar

Kaynakça

• Bei-Bienko, G.Y., Blagoveshchenskii, D.I., Chernova, O.A., Datsig, E.M., Emel'yanov, A.F., Kerzhner, I.M., Loginova, M.M., Martynova, E.F., 1967. Keys to Insects of the European USSR, Akademiya Nauk, USSR.
• Bogdanović, A.M., Blesić, B., 2011. Seasonal dynamics of protura in an oak forest in Kragujevac (Serbia). Kragujevac Journal of Sciences, 33: 77-82.
• Bouyoucos, G.J., 1951. A recalibration of the hidrometer for making mechanical analysis of soils. Agronomy journal, 43(9): 434-438.
• Cassagne, N., Gers, C., Gauquelin, T., 2003. Relationships between Collembola, soil chemistry and humus types in forest stands (France). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 37: 355–361.
• Conti, F.D., Gardi, C., Panzacchi, P., Ventura, M., Visioli, G., Menta, C., 2015. Biochar in soil: Effects on soil microarthropods. In Wageningen Soil Conference 2015: 'Soil Science in a Changing World' , 23-27 August, Wageningen, Netherlands, p. 208.
• Çelebi, H., 1970. Kars çayır toprakları ile Sarıkamış orman topraklarının erozyona mukavemetleri üzerine bir araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2): 34-39.
• Dindal, D.L., 1990, Soil Biology Guide. Wiley, New York.
• Doran, J.W., Zeiss, M.R., 2000. Soil health and sustainability: Managing the biotic component of soil quality. Applied soil ecology, 15: 3-11.
• Duyar, A., Makineci, E., 2016. Seasonal and altitudinal variations of soil arthropods in Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana forests. Bosque, 37(2): 335-345.
• Duyar, A., 2018. Diversity of soil micro arthropods in habitats containing different tree species in the spring season. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(12B): 9634-9641.
• Fjellberg, A., 2007. The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Part II: Entomobryomorpha and Symphypleona. Fauna Entomol Scand. Brill.
• Frampton, GK., 1997. The potential of Collembola as indicators of pesticide usage: Evidence and methods from the UK arable ecosystem. Pedobiologia, 41: 179–184.
• Fusaro, S., Gavinelli, F., Lazzarini, F., Paoletti, M.G., 2018. Soil Biological Quality Index based on earthworms (QBS-e). A new way to use earthworms as bioindicators in agroecosystems. Ecological Indicators, 93: 1276-1292.
• Gardi, C, Menta, C, Parisi, V., 2002. Use of microarthropods as biological indicators of soil quality: the BSQ synthetic indicator. Options Méditerranéennes, Seria A. 50: 297–304.
• Gardi, C., Menta, C., Leoni, A., 2006. Evaluation of the environmental impact of agricultural management practices using soil microarthropods. Bio-Bio Project EUR, 22245: 92-97.
• Giller, K.E., Beare, M.H., Lavelle, P., Izac, A.M.N., Swift, M.J., 1997. Agricultural intensification, soil biodiversity and agroecosystem function. Applied Soil Ecology, 6: 3–16.
• Gülçur, F., 1974. Toprağın Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Analiz Metodları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Gülsoy, S., Özkan, K., 2008. Tür çeşitliliğinin ekolojik açıdan önemi ve kullanılan bazı indisler. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 9(1): 168-178.
• Innocenti, G., Montanari, M., Ganassi, S., Sabatini, M.A., 2011. Does substrate water content influence the effect of Collembola-pathogenic fungus interaction on plant health? A mesocosm study. Bulletin of Insectology, 64(1): 73-76.
• Jackson, M.L., 1979. Soil chemical analysis advanced course. 2nd ed, 11th Printing, Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
• Kostenko, I.V., 2018. The impact of artificial forest plantations on mountain-meadow soils of Crimea. Eurasian Soil Science, 51(5): 485-494.
• MGM, 2020. Resmi istatistikler. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/ veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=KARABUK, Erişim: 23.03.2020.
• Menta, C., Conti, F.D., Pinto, S., 2018. Microarthropods biodiversity in natural, seminatural and cultivated soils QBS-ar approach. Applied soil ecology, 123: 740-743.
• Neher, D., Barbercheck, M., 1999. Diversity and function of soil mesofauna. In: Collins W, Qualset C, editors. Biodiversity in agroecosystems. New York, NY: CRC Press, LLC, pp. 27–47.
• Nortcliff, S., 2002. Standardisation of soil quality attributes. Agriculture, Ecosystems Environment, 88: 161-168.
• Oliveira Filho, L.C.I., Klauberg Filho, O., Baretta, D., Tanaka, C.A.S., Sousa, J.P., 2016. Collembola community structure as a tool to assess land use effects on soil quality. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 40: 1-18.
• Paoletti, M.G., D'Incà, A., Tonin, E., Tonon, S., Migliorini, C., Petruzzelli, G., Sommaggio, D., 2009. Soil invertebrates as bio-indicators in a natural area converted from agricultural use: the case study of Vallevecchia-Lugugnana in north-eastern Italy. Journal of sustainable Agriculture, 34(1): 38-56. DOI: 10.1080/10440040903396698
• Parisi, V., 2001. The biological soil quality, a method based on microarthropods (in Italian). Acta Naturalia de L’Ateneo Parmense, 37: 97–106.
• Parisi, V., Menta, C., Gardi, C., Jacomini, C., Mozzanica, E., 2005. Microarthropod communities as a tool to assess soil quality and biodiversity: A new approach in Italy. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 105(1-2): 323-333.
• Parisi, V., Menta, C., 2008. Microarthropods of the soil: Convergence phenomena and evaluation of soil quality using QBS-ar and QBS-c. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 17(8 B): 1170-1174.
• Petersen, H., Luxton, M., 1982. A comparative analysis of soil fauna populations and their role in decomposition processes. Oikos, 39: 288–388.
• Ponge, J.F., 2000. Acidophilic Collembola: living fossils? Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 29(2): 65-74
• Santorufo, L., Van Gestel, C.A., Rocco, A., Maisto, G., 2012. Soil invertebrates as bioindicators of urban soil quality. Environmental Pollution, 161: 57-63.
• Seastedt, T.R., 1984. The role of microarthropods in decomposition and mineralization processes. Annual review of entomology, 29(1): 25-46.
• Solida, L., De Nicola, C., Fanfani, A., Jacomini, C., Licitra, V., Testi, A., 2015. Multi-set indicators to assess environmental quality using soil microarthropods, plants and humus. Rendiconti Lincei, 26(3): 561-569.
• Twardowski, J.P., Hurej, M., Gruss, I., 2016. Diversity and abundance of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) in soil under 90-year potato monoculture in relation to crop rotation. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62(8): 1158-1168.
• Wang, S., Ruan, H., 2011. Effects of soil mesofauna and microclimate on nitrogen dynamics in leaf litter decomposition along an elevation gradient. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(35): 6732-6742.