Alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü ve bitki örtüsündeki değişimin arazi yüzey sıcaklığına etkisinin değerlendirilmesi: Aydın ili örneği

Öz

Dünya genelinde nüfusun artması, kentsel alanlarda bina, yol vb. gibi geçirimsiz yüzeylerin artmasını tetikleyerek iklim değişikliğinin yanısıra ekosistemler, çevre ve insanlar üzerinde birçok olumsuz etkiyeye neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle kentsel iklim araştırmaları önemli araştırma konularından biri olmaya başlamıştır. Buna bağlı olarak, farklı alan kullanımı / arazi örtüsü (AKAÖ) türlerinin ve bitki örtüsünün kentsel ısı adası (KIA) oluşumu üzerindeki etkilerinin nicel analizleri, kentsel planlama çalışmalarında büyük önem taşımaktadır. KIA oluşumu genel olarak arazi yüzey sıcaklığı (AYS) ile ölçülmektedir, bitki örtüsü ise havadan veya uydudan termal kızılötesi uzaktan algılama kullanılarak normalize edilmiş farksal bitki indeksi (NDVI) ile karakterize edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu araştırma Aydın ilinde 1990-2017 yılları arasında AKAÖ, NDVI ve AYS'deki değişikliklerin etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu makalede, AKAÖ ve NDVI'ın AYS üzerindeki etkilerini ölçmek için uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemi tabanlı çeşitli nicel analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Aydın ilinde yaz dönemi için 1990 (Landsat 5) ve 2017 (Landsat 8) yılına ait toplam on bulutsuz görüntü ile CORINE arazi örtüsü veri seti analizlerin ana materyallerini oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucu, AKAÖ'deki bitki örtüsü yoğunluğunun/varlığının AYS üzerinde en güçlü etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermştir. Öte yandan, bitki örtüsü ve suyun varlığının (örneğin orman ve su ve sulak alanlar) hava sıcaklığının en yüksek olduğu durumda bile bu etkiyi azalttığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentsel ısı adası
• Arazi yüzey sıcaklığı
• Landsat
• NDVI
• AKAÖ

Evaluation of the effect of land use / land cover and vegetation cover change on land surface temperature: The case of Aydın province

Öz

Rising population in the world triggered the increase of artificial surfaces like buildings, roads, etc in urban areas and has many negative impacts on climate change, ecosystems, environment, and people. Accordingly urban climatical research has been a significant research topic. Therefore, quantitative analyses of the impact of different land use / land cover (LULC) types and vegetation cover on the urban heat island (UHI) is very essential for urban planning. The UHI formation is generally measured by land surface temperature (LST), vegetation cover is characterized by Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) through the use of airborne or satellite thermal infrared remote sensing. In this context, this research aims to analyse the effects of changes in LULC, NDVI and LST between the years of 1990 and 2017 in Aydın, Turkey. In this paper, various quantitative analysis methods based on remote sensing and geographic information system have been used to measure the effects of LULC and NDVI on AYS. In this respect, the main materials of the analyses are composed of ten cloud free Landsat 5 in 1990 and Landsat 8 images in 2017 for the summer period in Aydın as well as the CORINE land cover data set. The results showed that decreasing vegetation cover in LULC had the strongest influence on the LST. On the other hand, the presence of vegetation and water especially woody patches (e.g. forest and water and wetlands) reduced this effect even the air temperature was highest.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban heat island
• Land surface temperature
• Landsat
• NDVI
• LULC

Kaynakça

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