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Production of cellulose nanocrystallites from poplar wood (Populus nigra x Populus deltoides)

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 58 - 63, 19.02.2013

Öz

Cellulose is one of the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer. Cellulose nanocrystallites were obtained from lignocellulosic resources, various sea animals (tunicin, chitin) and bacterial cellulose. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the production of nanocrystals from cellulose. In this study, the pulps were produced from poplar wood chips by kraft pulping method with the addition of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Firstly, -cellulose was produced from the pulp and then cellulose nanocrystallites were produced from this -cellulose. The effect of the NaBH4 addition (0%, 0,3%, 0,5% and 0,7%) on the screened pulp yields were determined and found that increasing the NaBH4 addition, increased the screened pulp yield. Addition of the 0,7% NaBH4 into cooking liquor improved the yields of the pulp, -cellulose and nanocrystallite around 5,5%, 7,4% and 3,4%, respectively. The produced nanocrystallites were characterized with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The dimensions of the nanocrystallites produced from poplar wood were measured 10±4 nm width and 250±80 nm long by AFM analysis.
Keywords: Poplar pulp, Sodium borohydrade added kraft pulp, -cellulose, Cellulose nanocrystallites

Kaynakça

  • Angle`s, M. N., Dufresne, A. 2000. Plasticized starch/tunicin whiskers Macromolecules. 33(22): 8344-8353. 1. Structural analysis.
  • Anonim, 1992: TAPPI Test Methods 1992-1993. Tappi Press, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Anonim 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal
  • Azizi Samir, M. A. S., Alloin, F., Sanchez, J.-Y., El Kissi, N., Dufresne, A., 2004. Preparation of cellulose whiskers reinforced nanocomposites suspension. Macromolecules, 37: 1386-1393. from an organic medium
  • Azizi Samir, M. A. S., Alloin, F., Dufresne, A. 2005. Review of recent research into cellulosic whiskers, their properties and their application in nanocomposite field. Biomacromolecules, 6: 612-626.
  • Backer, A. A., Helbert, W., Sugiyama, J., Miles, M.J. 1998. Surface structure of native cellulose microcrystals by AFM. Appl. Phys. A. 66: 559-563.
  • Backer, A. A., Helbert, W., Sugiyama, J. ,Miles, M.J. 2000. New insight into cellulose structure by atomic force microscopy shows the Iα crystal phase at near atomic resolution. Biophys. J. 79(2). 1139-1145.
  • Bondeson, D., Kvien, I., Oksman, K., 2006a. Strategies for Preparation of Cellulose Whiskers from Microcrystalline Cellulose as Reinforcement in Nanocomposites. Cellulose Nanocomposites Processing, Characterisation and Properties. Oksman, K ve Sain, M. editör. ACS Symposium Series 938, 10-25.
  • Bondeson, D., Mathew, A., Oksman, K., 2006b. Optimization of the isolation of nanocristals from microcrystalline cellulose by acid hydrolysis. Cellulose, 13: 171-180.
  • Browning, B. L., 1967. Methods of Wood Chemistry, Volume 1 and 2. Interscience Publishers, London,
  • Coughlin, D., Gilbert, P., Masia, S., Roper, T., 2007. Nanotechnology and the paper/forest product industry, Tennesse, USA.
  • Çetin, N. S., Tingaut, P., Özmen, N., Henry, N., Harper D., Dadmun, M., Sebe, G., 2009a. Acetylation of Cellulose Nanowhiskers with Vinyl Acetate under Moderate Conditions. Macromolecular Bioscience. 9: 997-1003.
  • Çetin, N. S., Özmen, N., Tingaut, P., Harper, D., 2009b. Chemical Modification of Cellulose Whiskers with Acetic Anhydride. 10th International Conference on Wood & Biofiber Plastic Composites & Cellulose Nanocomposites Symposium. Madison Wisconsin USA. 11-13 Mayıs 2009.
  • Çetin, N.S., Özmen, N., Narlıoğlu, N., 2010. Preparation of Cellulose Whiskers from Cellulose. The 1st International Symposium on Environment and Forestry, Trabzon, Turkey, 1530-1539.
  • De Souza Lima, M., Borsali, R., 2004. Rod-like cellulose Microcrystals: Macromol. Rapid Communications. 25: 771-787. Properties and Applications.
  • Dong, X. M., Revol, J.F., Grayi D.G., 1998. Effect of microcrystallite preparation conditions on the formation of colloid crystals of cellulose. Cellulose. 5(1): 19-32.
  • Favier, V., Chanzy, H., Cavaillé, J.Y., 1995a. Polymer nanocomposites Macromolecules, 28: 6365-6367. by cellulose whiskers.
  • Favier, V., Canova, G., Cavaillé, J.Y., Chanzy, H., Dufresne, A., Gauthier, C. 1995b. Nanocomposite materials from latex and cellulose whiskers. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 6, 351-355.
  • Heux, L., Dinand, E., Vignon, M.R., 1999. Structura aspects in ultrathin cellulose microfibrils followed by 13C CP-MAS NMR. Carbonhydr. Polym. 40(2): 115-124.
  • Kono, H., Yunoki, S., Shikano, T., Fujiwara, M., Erata, T., Takai, M., 2002. CP/MAS 13C NMR study of cellulose and cellulose derivatives. 1. Complete assignment of the CP/MAS 13C NMR spectrum of the native cellulose. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124(25). 7506-7511.
  • Nishiyama, Y., Langan, P., Chanzy, H., 2003. Preparation of tunicin cellulose I-beta samples for X-ray and neutron diffraction. Fibre Diffract. Rev. 11. 75-78.
  • Richter, U., 1991 Strukturanderungen von cellulose durch alkali behandlung: beurteilungmethoden, Doktora Thesis, 1991. und chemische
  • Sassi, J. F., Chanzy H., 1995. Ultrastructural aspects of the acetylation of cellulose. Cellulose. 2(2). 111-127.
  • Tutuş, A., 2008. Buğday Sapı Kağıt Hamuru Verimi Üzerine Sodyum Borhidrürün Etkisi. 2. Ulusal Bor Çalıştayı, Ankara, 303-310

Kavak (Populus nigra x Populus deltoides) odunundan selüloz nanokristalit eldesi

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 58 - 63, 19.02.2013

Öz

Selüloz yeryüzünde en yaygın bulunan, yenilenebilir ve biyolojik olarak bozunabilen doğal bir polimerdir. Farklı kaynaklardan örneğin lignoselülozik materyaller, çeşitli deniz hayvanları (tunisin, kitin) ve bakterilerden selüloz nanokristalit eldesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Son yıllarda selülozdan nanoparçacık eldesi üzerine çalışmalar yoğunluk kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada kavak odunundan sodyum borhidrür (NaBH4) ilaveli kraft kağıt hamuru pişirme yöntemi ile kağıt hamuru üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen kağıt hamurlarından önce -selüloz ve bunlardan da asit hidroliz tekniği kullanılarak selüloz nanokristalit eldesi başarı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı oranlarda (%0,3, %0,5 ve %0,7) NaBH4 ilavesi kağıt hamuru elenmiş verimi üzerine etkisi belirlenmiş, NaBH4 ilavesindeki artış elenmiş kağıt hamuru verimini artırmıştır. Pişirme esnasında %0,7 oranında NaBH4 ilavesi kağıt hamuru verimini %5,5 oranında, -selüloz verimini %7,4 ve nanokristalit verimini %3,5 oranında artırmıştır. Üretilen selüloz nanokristalitleri atomik güç mikroskobunda (AFM) karakterize edilmiştir. AFM analizleri ile kavak odunundan üretilen selüloz nanokristalit boyutları 10 ± 4 nm çapında ve 250±80 nm uzunluğunda olduğu ölçülmüştür.
Anahtar kelimeler: Kavak kağıt hamuru, Sodyum borhidrür ilaveli kraft pişirme, -selüloz, Selüloz nanokristalit

Kaynakça

  • Angle`s, M. N., Dufresne, A. 2000. Plasticized starch/tunicin whiskers Macromolecules. 33(22): 8344-8353. 1. Structural analysis.
  • Anonim, 1992: TAPPI Test Methods 1992-1993. Tappi Press, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Anonim 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal
  • Azizi Samir, M. A. S., Alloin, F., Sanchez, J.-Y., El Kissi, N., Dufresne, A., 2004. Preparation of cellulose whiskers reinforced nanocomposites suspension. Macromolecules, 37: 1386-1393. from an organic medium
  • Azizi Samir, M. A. S., Alloin, F., Dufresne, A. 2005. Review of recent research into cellulosic whiskers, their properties and their application in nanocomposite field. Biomacromolecules, 6: 612-626.
  • Backer, A. A., Helbert, W., Sugiyama, J., Miles, M.J. 1998. Surface structure of native cellulose microcrystals by AFM. Appl. Phys. A. 66: 559-563.
  • Backer, A. A., Helbert, W., Sugiyama, J. ,Miles, M.J. 2000. New insight into cellulose structure by atomic force microscopy shows the Iα crystal phase at near atomic resolution. Biophys. J. 79(2). 1139-1145.
  • Bondeson, D., Kvien, I., Oksman, K., 2006a. Strategies for Preparation of Cellulose Whiskers from Microcrystalline Cellulose as Reinforcement in Nanocomposites. Cellulose Nanocomposites Processing, Characterisation and Properties. Oksman, K ve Sain, M. editör. ACS Symposium Series 938, 10-25.
  • Bondeson, D., Mathew, A., Oksman, K., 2006b. Optimization of the isolation of nanocristals from microcrystalline cellulose by acid hydrolysis. Cellulose, 13: 171-180.
  • Browning, B. L., 1967. Methods of Wood Chemistry, Volume 1 and 2. Interscience Publishers, London,
  • Coughlin, D., Gilbert, P., Masia, S., Roper, T., 2007. Nanotechnology and the paper/forest product industry, Tennesse, USA.
  • Çetin, N. S., Tingaut, P., Özmen, N., Henry, N., Harper D., Dadmun, M., Sebe, G., 2009a. Acetylation of Cellulose Nanowhiskers with Vinyl Acetate under Moderate Conditions. Macromolecular Bioscience. 9: 997-1003.
  • Çetin, N. S., Özmen, N., Tingaut, P., Harper, D., 2009b. Chemical Modification of Cellulose Whiskers with Acetic Anhydride. 10th International Conference on Wood & Biofiber Plastic Composites & Cellulose Nanocomposites Symposium. Madison Wisconsin USA. 11-13 Mayıs 2009.
  • Çetin, N.S., Özmen, N., Narlıoğlu, N., 2010. Preparation of Cellulose Whiskers from Cellulose. The 1st International Symposium on Environment and Forestry, Trabzon, Turkey, 1530-1539.
  • De Souza Lima, M., Borsali, R., 2004. Rod-like cellulose Microcrystals: Macromol. Rapid Communications. 25: 771-787. Properties and Applications.
  • Dong, X. M., Revol, J.F., Grayi D.G., 1998. Effect of microcrystallite preparation conditions on the formation of colloid crystals of cellulose. Cellulose. 5(1): 19-32.
  • Favier, V., Chanzy, H., Cavaillé, J.Y., 1995a. Polymer nanocomposites Macromolecules, 28: 6365-6367. by cellulose whiskers.
  • Favier, V., Canova, G., Cavaillé, J.Y., Chanzy, H., Dufresne, A., Gauthier, C. 1995b. Nanocomposite materials from latex and cellulose whiskers. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 6, 351-355.
  • Heux, L., Dinand, E., Vignon, M.R., 1999. Structura aspects in ultrathin cellulose microfibrils followed by 13C CP-MAS NMR. Carbonhydr. Polym. 40(2): 115-124.
  • Kono, H., Yunoki, S., Shikano, T., Fujiwara, M., Erata, T., Takai, M., 2002. CP/MAS 13C NMR study of cellulose and cellulose derivatives. 1. Complete assignment of the CP/MAS 13C NMR spectrum of the native cellulose. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124(25). 7506-7511.
  • Nishiyama, Y., Langan, P., Chanzy, H., 2003. Preparation of tunicin cellulose I-beta samples for X-ray and neutron diffraction. Fibre Diffract. Rev. 11. 75-78.
  • Richter, U., 1991 Strukturanderungen von cellulose durch alkali behandlung: beurteilungmethoden, Doktora Thesis, 1991. und chemische
  • Sassi, J. F., Chanzy H., 1995. Ultrastructural aspects of the acetylation of cellulose. Cellulose. 2(2). 111-127.
  • Tutuş, A., 2008. Buğday Sapı Kağıt Hamuru Verimi Üzerine Sodyum Borhidrürün Etkisi. 2. Ulusal Bor Çalıştayı, Ankara, 303-310
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nilgül Özmen

Nihat Çetin Bu kişi benim

Nasır Narlıoğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Şubat 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özmen, N., Çetin, N., & Narlıoğlu, N. (2013). Production of cellulose nanocrystallites from poplar wood (Populus nigra x Populus deltoides). Turkish Journal of Forestry, 14(1), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.93086
AMA Özmen N, Çetin N, Narlıoğlu N. Production of cellulose nanocrystallites from poplar wood (Populus nigra x Populus deltoides). Turkish Journal of Forestry. Şubat 2013;14(1):58-63. doi:10.18182/tjf.93086
Chicago Özmen, Nilgül, Nihat Çetin, ve Nasır Narlıoğlu. “Production of Cellulose Nanocrystallites from Poplar Wood (Populus Nigra X Populus Deltoides)”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 14, sy. 1 (Şubat 2013): 58-63. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.93086.
EndNote Özmen N, Çetin N, Narlıoğlu N (01 Şubat 2013) Production of cellulose nanocrystallites from poplar wood (Populus nigra x Populus deltoides). Turkish Journal of Forestry 14 1 58–63.
IEEE N. Özmen, N. Çetin, ve N. Narlıoğlu, “Production of cellulose nanocrystallites from poplar wood (Populus nigra x Populus deltoides)”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 14, sy. 1, ss. 58–63, 2013, doi: 10.18182/tjf.93086.
ISNAD Özmen, Nilgül vd. “Production of Cellulose Nanocrystallites from Poplar Wood (Populus Nigra X Populus Deltoides)”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 14/1 (Şubat 2013), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.93086.
JAMA Özmen N, Çetin N, Narlıoğlu N. Production of cellulose nanocrystallites from poplar wood (Populus nigra x Populus deltoides). Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2013;14:58–63.
MLA Özmen, Nilgül vd. “Production of Cellulose Nanocrystallites from Poplar Wood (Populus Nigra X Populus Deltoides)”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 14, sy. 1, 2013, ss. 58-63, doi:10.18182/tjf.93086.
Vancouver Özmen N, Çetin N, Narlıoğlu N. Production of cellulose nanocrystallites from poplar wood (Populus nigra x Populus deltoides). Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2013;14(1):58-63.