BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

A study on paper recycling effects on cellulose properties

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 74 - 80, 19.02.2013

Öz

Cellulose is the main structural element of paper, one of the most important natural polimers that producted by plants. The water-cellulose interactions that causing swelling with water intake or shrinkage with water removal is very key issue for formation of sheet. However, during paper recycling, cellulose is undergoes some changes and swelling properties in water decreases irreversible. As a result of these modifications, plasticity and elastic properties of fibers modified. Once dried cellulose fibers after rewetting can cause reorientation of microfibrillated structure and further hydrogen bonds formed and crystallinity is increased. Monitoring cellulose structure during recycling, some additional process such as mechanical or chemical adding, ireversible changes might be control under acceptable level.
Keywords: Cellulose, Paper recycling, Hornification, Paper strength

Kaynakça

  • Atalla, R.H. 1992. Structural Change in Cellulose during papermaking and Recycling. In: Rowell, et.al. Eds. Material Interaction Relevant to recycling of Wood-Based Material: Proceeding of Materials Research Society Symposium; 1992 April 27-29, San Francisco, CA.
  • Attack, D. 1978. Advances in Beating and Refining. In : Fiber-Water Interaction in Papermaking. Wm. Clowes. London. p261.
  • Bhat, G.R., Heitmann, J.A., Joyce, T.W., 1991. Novel Techniques for Enhanching the Strength Properties of Secondary Fiber. Tappi J.
  • Biermann, C.J., 1993. Essentials of Pulping and Papermaking. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego.
  • Brancato A.A., 2008. Effect of progresive recycling on cellulose fiber surface properties, Ph.D Theses, Georgia Institute of Tecnology. p112, USA.
  • Carlson, G., Lindstrom, T., 1984. Hornification of Cellulosic Fibers During Wet Pressing. Svenk Papperstidning, No. 15: R119-R125.
  • Clark, J. d'A., 1978. Pulp Technology and Treatment of Paper. Miller Freeman Publications, Inc. San Francisco.
  • Corson, S.R. 1980. Fiber and Fines Fractions Influence Strength of TMP. Pulp & Paper Can., 81(5): 69.
  • Ellis, R.L., Sedlachek, K.M., 1993. Recycled-Versus Virgin-Fiber Characteristic: A Comparison. In: Secondary Fiber Recycling. Spangenberg, R.J. Ed. Tappi Press. Atlanta, Georgia. p. 7.
  • Fengel, D., Wegener, G., 1984. Wood; Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reaction. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin.
  • Giertz., H.W., 1962. In formation and structure of paper, Vol. 2, British Paper and Boards Makers Assoc., London, p. 619.
  • Grignon, J., Scallan, A.M., 1980. Effect of pH and neutral salts upon the swelling of cellulose gels. Journal of Appl. Polym. Sci. Vol. 26: 2829-2843 p. D.H. 1983. Canadian Journal of pulp and paper 9 (1): Tr15.
  • Gurnagul, N., 1995. sodium hyroxide addition during recycling; Effects on Fiber Swelling and Sheet Strength. Tappi J., 78(12): 119.
  • Hartman, R.R. 1984. Mechanical Treatment of Pulp Fibres for Property Development, Doctoral Thesis. The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, USA.
  • Higgins, H.G., McKenzie, A.W., 1963. The structure and properties of paper. XIV. Effect of Drying on Cellulose Fibers and The Problem of Maintaining Pulp Strength. Appita, 16(6): 145-164.
  • Howard, R.C, Bichard, W., 1992. The Basic Effects of Recycling on Pulp Properties. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 18(4): J151.
  • Howard, R.C. 1990. The Effect of Recycling on Paper Quality. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science: 16(5): 1990.
  • Htun, M., de Ruvo, A., 1978. The Implication of the Fines Fraction for the Properties of Bleached Kraft Sheet. Svensk Papperstidning, 81(16): 507.
  • Katz, S., Liebergott, N., Scallan, A.M., 1981. A Mechanism for the Alkali Strengthening of Mechanical Pulps. Tappi J. 64(7).
  • Laivin, G.V., Scallan, A.M., 1996. The Influence of Drying and Beating on the Swelling of Fines. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 22(5): J178.
  • McKee, R.C., 1971. Effect of Repulping on Sheet Properties & Fiber Characteristics. Paper Trade Journal, 155 (5): 34.
  • Minor, J., 1994. Hornification. Its Origin and Meaning. Progress In Paper Recycling, 392: 93-95.
  • Nanko, H., Asano, S., Ohsawa, J., 1991. Shrinking Behavior of Pulp Fibers During Drying. Tappi Proceeding, International Paper Physic Conference.
  • Paavilainen, L., 1990. Importance of Particle Size, Fiber Length and Fines; for the Characterization of Softwood Kraft Pulp. Paperi ja Puu, 72(5): 516.
  • Pazner, L., Behera, N.C., 1985. Beating Behavior and Sheet Strength Development of Conifer Organosolv Fibers. Holzforschung, 39(1): 51-61.
  • Scallan, A.M., 1993. The effect of acidic groups on swelling of pulps-A review, Tappi Journal, 66 (11): 73-75.
  • Scallan, A.M., Grignon, J.,. 1979. The Effect of Cations on Pulp and Paper Properties. Svensk Papperstidnink No. 2.
  • Scallan, A.M., Tigerstorm, A.C.J., 1992. Swelling and elasticity of cell-walls of pulp fibers, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 18 (5): J188-J193.
  • Scott, W.E., Abbott, J.E., 1995. Properties of paper: An introduction. (Eds.) Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA. 174p.
  • Sjostrom, E., 1993. Wood Chemistry. Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd Ed., Academic Press, Inc., San Diego.
  • Smook, G.A., 1994. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists. Angus Wilde Publications, Canada, 419 pp.
  • Spangenberg, R.J., 1993. Secondary fiber recycling, (Editor), Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • Şahin, H.T. 2007. Kullanılmış atık kağıtların yeniden kağıt üretiminde kullanılması, Orman Mühendisliği Dergisi, 44 (3): Sayı 7-9.
  • Üner B., Şahin H.T. 2004. Geri dönüşümde yaş pres ve kurutmanın lif özelliklerine etkisi, SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri-A, Sayı 1, s. 145-158.
  • Walsh, F., 2006. An itopropic study of fiber-water interactions, Ph.D theses, Georgia Institute of Technology, 153p.
  • Waterhouse, J.F., Liang, Y.X., 1995. Improving the Fines Performance of Recycling Pulps. Tappi Proceeding, 1995 Recycling Symposium.
  • Wegner, T.H., 1982. Improve Strength in High-Yield Pulps Through Chemical Treatment. Tappi J., 65(8): 103.
  • Wistara, N., Young, R.A., 1999. Properties and treatments of pulps from recycled paper. Part I. Physical and chemical properties of pulps. Cellulose, 6 (4): 291-324.
  • Wistara, N., Zhang, X.J., Young, R.A., 1999. Properties and treatments of pulps from recycled paper. Part II. Surface properties and crystallinity of fibers and fines. Cellulose, 6 (4): 325-348.
  • Young, R.A., 2008. Historical Developments in Wood Chemistry. SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal 2008; 1 (A): 1-15.

Kağıt geri dönüşüm işlemlerinin selülozun yapısında meydana getirdiği değişimler üzerine bir inceleme

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 74 - 80, 19.02.2013

Öz

Kağıt yapısının ana iskelet elemanı olan selüloz, yeryüzündeki canlı organizmalar tarafından üretilen en önemli doğal polimerlerden birisidir. Selüloz esaslı liflerin su ile etkileşimi ve bünyesine su alarak şişme, suyun uzaklaşmasıyla daralma özelliği göstermesi safiha yapısının oluşması için önemlidir. Atık kağıtların geri dönüşüm işlemleri sırasında selüloz kalıtsal olarak değişime uğramakta, suda şişme özeliği geri dönüşümsüz olarak azalmaktadır. Selüloz liflerinde meydana gelen bu değişiklik sonucu liflerin esneklik ve plastikleşme özelliği kaybolmaktadır. Selüloz liflerinin kuruması ve tekrar su ile muamelesi sonucu mikrofibrillerin yeniden karşılıklı olarak düzenlenmesi sonucu daha yoğun hidrojen bağları oluşmakta ve selülozun kristal yapısı artmaktadır. Bu durumdaki selüloz liflerinden üretilen kağıtların fiziksel ve direnç özellikleri azalmaktadır. Selülozun yapısında meydana gelen bu değişiklerin yakından incelenmesiyle, geri dönüşüm işlemlerinde bazı müdahalelerle örneğin mekanik işlemler veya kimyasal madde ilavesiyle, kalıtsal değişimler ve kalite düşmeleri belli sınırlar içersinde tutulabilir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Selüloz, Kağıt geri dönüşüm, Hornifikasyon, Kağıt direnç

Kaynakça

  • Atalla, R.H. 1992. Structural Change in Cellulose during papermaking and Recycling. In: Rowell, et.al. Eds. Material Interaction Relevant to recycling of Wood-Based Material: Proceeding of Materials Research Society Symposium; 1992 April 27-29, San Francisco, CA.
  • Attack, D. 1978. Advances in Beating and Refining. In : Fiber-Water Interaction in Papermaking. Wm. Clowes. London. p261.
  • Bhat, G.R., Heitmann, J.A., Joyce, T.W., 1991. Novel Techniques for Enhanching the Strength Properties of Secondary Fiber. Tappi J.
  • Biermann, C.J., 1993. Essentials of Pulping and Papermaking. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego.
  • Brancato A.A., 2008. Effect of progresive recycling on cellulose fiber surface properties, Ph.D Theses, Georgia Institute of Tecnology. p112, USA.
  • Carlson, G., Lindstrom, T., 1984. Hornification of Cellulosic Fibers During Wet Pressing. Svenk Papperstidning, No. 15: R119-R125.
  • Clark, J. d'A., 1978. Pulp Technology and Treatment of Paper. Miller Freeman Publications, Inc. San Francisco.
  • Corson, S.R. 1980. Fiber and Fines Fractions Influence Strength of TMP. Pulp & Paper Can., 81(5): 69.
  • Ellis, R.L., Sedlachek, K.M., 1993. Recycled-Versus Virgin-Fiber Characteristic: A Comparison. In: Secondary Fiber Recycling. Spangenberg, R.J. Ed. Tappi Press. Atlanta, Georgia. p. 7.
  • Fengel, D., Wegener, G., 1984. Wood; Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reaction. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin.
  • Giertz., H.W., 1962. In formation and structure of paper, Vol. 2, British Paper and Boards Makers Assoc., London, p. 619.
  • Grignon, J., Scallan, A.M., 1980. Effect of pH and neutral salts upon the swelling of cellulose gels. Journal of Appl. Polym. Sci. Vol. 26: 2829-2843 p. D.H. 1983. Canadian Journal of pulp and paper 9 (1): Tr15.
  • Gurnagul, N., 1995. sodium hyroxide addition during recycling; Effects on Fiber Swelling and Sheet Strength. Tappi J., 78(12): 119.
  • Hartman, R.R. 1984. Mechanical Treatment of Pulp Fibres for Property Development, Doctoral Thesis. The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, USA.
  • Higgins, H.G., McKenzie, A.W., 1963. The structure and properties of paper. XIV. Effect of Drying on Cellulose Fibers and The Problem of Maintaining Pulp Strength. Appita, 16(6): 145-164.
  • Howard, R.C, Bichard, W., 1992. The Basic Effects of Recycling on Pulp Properties. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 18(4): J151.
  • Howard, R.C. 1990. The Effect of Recycling on Paper Quality. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science: 16(5): 1990.
  • Htun, M., de Ruvo, A., 1978. The Implication of the Fines Fraction for the Properties of Bleached Kraft Sheet. Svensk Papperstidning, 81(16): 507.
  • Katz, S., Liebergott, N., Scallan, A.M., 1981. A Mechanism for the Alkali Strengthening of Mechanical Pulps. Tappi J. 64(7).
  • Laivin, G.V., Scallan, A.M., 1996. The Influence of Drying and Beating on the Swelling of Fines. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 22(5): J178.
  • McKee, R.C., 1971. Effect of Repulping on Sheet Properties & Fiber Characteristics. Paper Trade Journal, 155 (5): 34.
  • Minor, J., 1994. Hornification. Its Origin and Meaning. Progress In Paper Recycling, 392: 93-95.
  • Nanko, H., Asano, S., Ohsawa, J., 1991. Shrinking Behavior of Pulp Fibers During Drying. Tappi Proceeding, International Paper Physic Conference.
  • Paavilainen, L., 1990. Importance of Particle Size, Fiber Length and Fines; for the Characterization of Softwood Kraft Pulp. Paperi ja Puu, 72(5): 516.
  • Pazner, L., Behera, N.C., 1985. Beating Behavior and Sheet Strength Development of Conifer Organosolv Fibers. Holzforschung, 39(1): 51-61.
  • Scallan, A.M., 1993. The effect of acidic groups on swelling of pulps-A review, Tappi Journal, 66 (11): 73-75.
  • Scallan, A.M., Grignon, J.,. 1979. The Effect of Cations on Pulp and Paper Properties. Svensk Papperstidnink No. 2.
  • Scallan, A.M., Tigerstorm, A.C.J., 1992. Swelling and elasticity of cell-walls of pulp fibers, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 18 (5): J188-J193.
  • Scott, W.E., Abbott, J.E., 1995. Properties of paper: An introduction. (Eds.) Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA. 174p.
  • Sjostrom, E., 1993. Wood Chemistry. Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd Ed., Academic Press, Inc., San Diego.
  • Smook, G.A., 1994. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists. Angus Wilde Publications, Canada, 419 pp.
  • Spangenberg, R.J., 1993. Secondary fiber recycling, (Editor), Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • Şahin, H.T. 2007. Kullanılmış atık kağıtların yeniden kağıt üretiminde kullanılması, Orman Mühendisliği Dergisi, 44 (3): Sayı 7-9.
  • Üner B., Şahin H.T. 2004. Geri dönüşümde yaş pres ve kurutmanın lif özelliklerine etkisi, SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri-A, Sayı 1, s. 145-158.
  • Walsh, F., 2006. An itopropic study of fiber-water interactions, Ph.D theses, Georgia Institute of Technology, 153p.
  • Waterhouse, J.F., Liang, Y.X., 1995. Improving the Fines Performance of Recycling Pulps. Tappi Proceeding, 1995 Recycling Symposium.
  • Wegner, T.H., 1982. Improve Strength in High-Yield Pulps Through Chemical Treatment. Tappi J., 65(8): 103.
  • Wistara, N., Young, R.A., 1999. Properties and treatments of pulps from recycled paper. Part I. Physical and chemical properties of pulps. Cellulose, 6 (4): 291-324.
  • Wistara, N., Zhang, X.J., Young, R.A., 1999. Properties and treatments of pulps from recycled paper. Part II. Surface properties and crystallinity of fibers and fines. Cellulose, 6 (4): 325-348.
  • Young, R.A., 2008. Historical Developments in Wood Chemistry. SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal 2008; 1 (A): 1-15.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Halil Sahin

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Şubat 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sahin, H. (2013). A study on paper recycling effects on cellulose properties. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 14(1), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.01580
AMA Sahin H. A study on paper recycling effects on cellulose properties. Turkish Journal of Forestry. Şubat 2013;14(1):74-80. doi:10.18182/tjf.01580
Chicago Sahin, Halil. “A Study on Paper Recycling Effects on Cellulose Properties”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 14, sy. 1 (Şubat 2013): 74-80. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.01580.
EndNote Sahin H (01 Şubat 2013) A study on paper recycling effects on cellulose properties. Turkish Journal of Forestry 14 1 74–80.
IEEE H. Sahin, “A study on paper recycling effects on cellulose properties”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 14, sy. 1, ss. 74–80, 2013, doi: 10.18182/tjf.01580.
ISNAD Sahin, Halil. “A Study on Paper Recycling Effects on Cellulose Properties”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 14/1 (Şubat 2013), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.01580.
JAMA Sahin H. A study on paper recycling effects on cellulose properties. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2013;14:74–80.
MLA Sahin, Halil. “A Study on Paper Recycling Effects on Cellulose Properties”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 14, sy. 1, 2013, ss. 74-80, doi:10.18182/tjf.01580.
Vancouver Sahin H. A study on paper recycling effects on cellulose properties. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2013;14(1):74-80.